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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


i 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibiiographiques 


The  c 
to  thi 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibiiographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  In  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checlted  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normals  de  filmage 
sont  indiqufo  ci-dessous. 


Thei 
possi 
of  th 
filmii 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


r~n    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


D 
D 


D 


Couverture  endommag6e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^  et/ou  peilicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□    Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blar.ic)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
ReliA  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  IntArieure 

Blanic  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutAes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6tA  filmAes. 


n 

D 

n 

[3 
D 

n 
n 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  pelliculies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dteolortes,  tachettes  ou  piqutes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  inAgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponibie 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refiimed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcles  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  AtA  filmtes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Origi 
begii 
the  I) 
sion. 
othei 
first 
sion, 
or  ill! 


The  I 
shall 
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whic 

ISAap 
diffe 
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begii 
right 
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r~71    Addltiopal  comments:/ 

I  ^  I    Commentaires  supplAmentaires; 


Pagination  continued  from  part  III. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  dt  reduction  indlquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


y 


12X 


16X 


aox 


24X 


28X 


32X 


ails 

du 

difier 

jne 

lage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Ottawa  Public  Library 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  filmi  fut  reprodult  grdce  d  la 
ginArositA  de: 

Bibliothique  publique  d'Ottawa 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  M  reproduites  avec  Is 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetdb  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  f,  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impreesion. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^»>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  et 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  termlnant  soit  par  la 
derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  symboles  suivants  appara?tra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  -^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE '.  le 
symbole  ▼  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  pisnches.  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  dtre 
filmte  A  dee  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reprodult  en  un  seul  clichA.  il  est  film*  i  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


'rata 
o 


lelure. 


□ 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

cc 


PHILIPPE  I)E  ROCHEBLAAH. 
ROCHEBLAVE  PAPE.RS. 

COURT  OE  i:n()Uiry  at  port  CHARTRES. 


tn^.    HR.  Jama^, 


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i. 


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tfflMMia 


FERGUS'    HISTORICAL    SERIES,    No.   8  4. 


PHILIITE  DH  ROCHEBLAVE 


AM) 


ROCHEBLAVE  PAPERS, 

HISTORICAL   SKETCH   AND   XOTKS 

l!Y 

EDWARD  GAY  MASON, 

PkKSIIiKN  r    OK     IIIE    CHICACJO    HiSIOKH  AI.    Sr)(.lKI\. 


COURT  OE  ENOUIRY 

AT  EORT  CHARTRES. 


INTRODUCTION    BY 

jOHx\  mose:s, 

Six  KK'Artv  oi    iHK  Chicacjo  Hisiokk  ai.  S(ii.iKr\. 


KK PRINTED    l-ROM 

\'<)t..  IV,  Cim:A(;o  Historical  Socikiv's  Cdm-kctions: 
"Early  Chicac.*.)  and  Illinois." 


CHICAGO: 
FF.RGUS    PRINTING    COMPANY. 

1896.      ,    . 


« t 

» « •  1 


f 


1 


'%,. 


■koitoi 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS. 


Philippe  Francois  de  Rastel,  Chevalier  de  Rocheblave. 
By  Edward  G.  Mason  of  Chicago. 


ACERTAIN  interest  attaches  to  the  name  of  Roche- 
blave as  that  of  the  last  British  commandant  of  the 
region  known  a  century  or  more  ago  as  "the  Illinois." 
His  official  position  and  his  relations  to  that  region  during 
the  revolutionary  period,  upon  which  his  correspondence, 
preserved  in  the  Canadian  archives,  sheds  much  light,  seem 
to  render  a  brief  sketch  of  his  life  an  appropriate:  intro- 
duction to  a  selection  from  that  correspondence. 

Philippe  Francois  de  Rastel,  Chevalier  de  Rocheblave, 
was  born  in  the  village  of  Savournon  in  the  old  province 
of  Dau[»hine,  now  in  the  department  of  the  High  Alps, 
in  the  southeast  of  France.*  His  father,  the  seigniorial 
lord  of  Savournon,  was  Jean  Joseph  de  Rastel,  Chevalier 
Marquis  de  Rocheblave.'^  The  son  entered  the  army 
as  an  officer  in  the  French  service  and  was  placed  upon 
the  half-pay  list  in  i748.-f-  A  desire  for  active  employ- 
ment and  for  an  opportunity  to  better  his  financial  con- 
dition, it  is  probable,  brought  him  to  Canada  in  that 
year.:):  He  acquired  experience  in  Indian  warfare,  and 
was  one  of  the  officers  who  served  under  the  brilliant 
partisan  Charles  de  Langlade  in  I755,§  when  he  led  his 
bands  of  western  savages  from  the  country  about  Lake 
Michigan  to  the  rendezvous  at  Fort  Duquesne.     In  the 

•  Marriage  Register,  1763. — Kaskaskia  Parish  Records, 
t  Rocheblave  to  Germaine,  Feb.  28,  1778.— "Canadian  Archives." 
t  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  Oct.   7,    1781.  —  Haldimand  MSS.,   British 
Museum.     §"  Wisconsin  Historical  Society's  Collect'ns,"  III,  213;  VII,  132. 
I 6-34-1  231 


^^ 


516626 


mm 


232 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


memorable  defeat  of  Braddock  which  followed,  due  more 
to  Langlade  than  to  any  other  man,*  Rocheblave  dis- 
tinguished himself  and  won  the  praises  of  his  chief. 

One  incident  of  that  famous  campaign,  however,  does  not 
reflect  credit  upon  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  After  the 
remnant  of  Braddock's  force  had  fled,  the  French  and 
Indians  were  busily  engaged  rifling  the  bodies  of  the  dead 
which  lay  thick  along  the  banks  of  the  Monongahela.  A 
young  man  of  Langlade's  party,  of  much  enterprise  and 
promise  named  La  Choisie,  discovered  the  body  of  a 
richly-dressed  English  officer,  and  Rocheblave,  almost  at 
the  same  moment,  claimed  that  he  had  found  it.  La 
Choisie  managed  first  to  seize  the  well-filled  purse,  of  the 
contents  of  which  Rocheblave  stoutly  demanded  a  share, 
and  they  parted  in  no  friendly  way.  The  next  morning, 
La  Choisie  was  found  assassinated,  and  the  purse  of  gold 
was  missincf.  While  there  was  no  direct  evidence  of  Roche- 
blave's  guilt,  he  was  strongly  suspected  of  the  crime,  and 
its  shadow  rested  upon  his  name  thenceforth. -f* 

It  is  stated  that  Rocheblave  continued  to  serve  in  Lan- 
glade's command  during  most  of  his  subsequent  campaigns 
in  the  old  French  war.:J:  And  he  appears  to  have  seen 
other  service  as  well.  In  August,  1756,  the  governor- 
general  of  Canada  —  Vaudrouil  —  writing  to  one  of  the 
French  ministers,  says,  that  Sieur  de  Rocheblave  with 
another  cadet,  a  corporal,  a  militiaman,  and  twenty  Shaw- 
nee Indians  knocked  at  the  gate  of  a  small  fort,  three 
leagues  beyond  Fort  Cumberland,  where  there  remained 
some  families  and  thirty  militia.  He  killed  four  English- 
men whom  the  Indians  scalped,  wounded  three,  who 
dragged  themselves  into  the  fort,  and  took  three  prison- 
ers.^    And  in  the  following  year,  Vaudreuil  writes  to  the 

*  "Wisconsin  Historical  .Society's  Collections,"  VII,  132,  133. 
i//>i</,  III,  215;  VII,  132.  t  Ibid,  III,  213. 

§  "New- York  Colonial  Documents,"  X,  435. 


an 


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■  f7i  r'mi' 


URITISII   ILLINOIS  —  ROCIIEDLAVE. 


233 


nglisli- 


who 


t. 


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home  government  that  Rocheblave  had  returned  with  a 
prisoner  taken  on  the  banks  of  "the  Potovvmak,"  three 
days'  march  from  Fort  Cumberland.*  During  these  years, 
Rocheblave  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the  garrison  of 
Fort  Duquesne, 

Two  years  later,  he  was  for  a  time  one  of  the  lieutenants 
of  another  "famous  French  partisan,"  as  he  is  described 
by  Sir  \V^illiam  Johnson,  Sieur  Marin,  who  like  Langlade 
was  associated  with  the  early  history  of  what  is  now  Wis- 
consin. In  June,  1759,  Marin  led  a  party  of  about  three 
hundred  Delaware  and  Shawnee  Indians,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  Rocheblave  and  three  Canadians,  from  Fort  Niag- 
ara "to  insult  Fort  Pitt,"  as  they  said.  This  fortification, 
then  recently  erected  by  Gen.  Stanwix  upon  the  ruins  of 
Fort  Duquesne,  was  found  to  be  in  a  poor  condition  for 
defence.  It  might  easily  have  been  captured,  had  more 
Frenchman  taken  part  in  the  expedition,  the  Indians  being 
of  little  use  in  an  attack  upon  a  fortified  place.  But  there 
was  no  time  to  send  for  reinforcements,  as  the  command- 
ant at  Fort  Niagara  suddenly  summoned  his  outlying 
parties  to  aid  him  against  the  British  army  under  Gen. 
Prideaux  and  Sir  William  Johnson  which  was  advancing 
to  the  investment  of  his  position.  Marin's  command  re- 
turned with  all  speed,  joining  on  the  way  large  reinforce- 
ments moving  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Niagara.  In  the  battle 
fought  under  its  walls,  Marin  .shared  in  the  French  defeat 
and  was  one  of  the  prisoners  on  that  occasion.-f*  Roche- 
blave had  been  left  with  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  1.0 
guard  the  canoes  and  bateaux  at  an  island  above  the  Niag- 
ara portage.  When  the  fate  of  the  day  was  decided,  the 
Frenchmen  who  escaped  from  the  field  retired  to  this 
place  and   the  whole  party  proceeded   to  Detroit. :J:     The 

*  "New- York  Colonial  Documents,"  X,  581. 

t  "Wisconsin  Historical  .Society's  Collections,"  V,  118. 

+  "New- York  Colonial  Documents,"  X,  992. 


HI 


^^H^, 


234 


EAKIA*    ILLINOIS. 


war  practically  ended  with  the  defeat  of  Montcalm  in 
•759.  ^^^^  ^ot"  «i  ^*^^v  years  thereafter  we  can  not  definitely 
trace  Rochcblave. 

In  1762,  there  was  in  Louisiana  an  officer  of  the  name 
aniongf  the  officials  of  the  French  jrovernment,  and  in  later 
times  one  of  the  streets  in  New  Orleans  was  named  from 
this  person."'"  On  a  map  of  the  Mississippi,  made  about 
this  period,  is  marked  on  the  left  bank  of  that  river  just 
below  the  luiglish  Turn,  not  far  from  New  Orleans,  "Hab- 
itation du  Chevalier  de  Rocheblaiie;  ancieint  Le  Fort."i* 
After  1762,  this  officer  disappears  from  the  Louisiana 
records,  and  it  is  possible  that  he  is  identical  with  the 
Illinois  Rocheblave,  who.  in  1763,  was  placed  upon  the 
half-pay  list  of  the  French  army|  in  recognition,  it  is  pre- 
sumed, of  his  efficient  services  in  the  old  French  war. 

He  probably  came  to  Kaskaskia  in  the  same  year  and 
established  himself  as  a  trader  in  that  place.  Here  on 
April  II,  1763,  in  the  old  parish  chu»'ch,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Michel  Marie  Dufresne,  daughter  of  Jacques 
Michel  Dufresne,  officer  of  militia  of  that  parish.  The 
original  entry  with  the  signature  of  the  parties,  the  wit- 
nesses, and  the  priest  is  still  preserved  in  the  marriage 
record  at  Kaskaskia.  And,  probably,  because  Rocheblave 
was  still  an  officer  in  the  French  service,  it  is  recited  that 
^vritten  permission  for  the  marriage  had  been  given  by 
Monsieur  Neyon  de  Villiers,  major  commandant  at  the 
Illinois.  De  Villiers  was  one  of  seven  famous  brothers,  six 
of  whom  laid  down  their  lives  in  the  service  of  the  French 
king,  and  his  graceful  autograph  appears  at  the  foot  of  the 
record. § 

Wlien  the  Illinois  country  was  surrendered  by  France 

*  Letter  of  Charles  Gayarre,  Dec.  24,  1888. 

"t  K.  Mease's  notes  on  maps  in  Pitman's  "  European  Settlements. " 

:|:  Rocheblave  to  Germaine. — "Canadian  Archives." 

§  Marriage  Register,  1763. — Kaskaskia  Parish  Record?. 


A 


I 


"^^i 


n: 


.  .^  .«.rffc>  'k 


BUITISII    ILLINOIS — ROCIIKliLAVK 


235 


to  Great  Hritaiii  in  the  fall  of  1765,  Rocheblavc,  as  his 
opponents  say,  abandoned  his  property  there,  and  pre- 
ferred the  Spanish  government  to  the  British,  taking  the 
oath  of  allegiance  thereto."  At  all  events,  he  was  in 
command  at  Sainte  Genevieve  on  the  Spanish  side  of  the 
Mississippi  in  1766,  and  engaged  in  certain  legal  proceed- 
ings there.-f-  In  the  following  year,  he  was  still  Spanish 
commandant  at  the  same  place  and  was  most  tenacious  of 
the  rights  of  his  catholic  majesty  even  in  ecclesiastical 
matters.  When  the  good  Father  Meurin  appeared  at 
Sainte  Genevieve,  acting  under  the  Ro-nan  catholic  bishop 
of  Quebec,  Rocheblavc  declared  "I  know  no  English  bish- 
op here,  and  in  a  post  where  I  cor^.'nand  I  wish  no  eccle- 
siastical jurisdiction  recognized  except  thnt  of  the  arch- 
bisiiop  of  St.  Domingo."  He  at  once  n.ade  a  decree  pro- 
scribing rather  Meurin,  and  orders  were  issued  for  his 
arrest  as  a  state  criminal  for  recognizing  a  jurisdiction  not 
admitted  by  Spain.  A  friend  warned  him  of  his  danger, 
and  he  left  Sainte  Genevieve  and  crossed  the  river  into 
British  territory. | 

In  1770,  Rocheblavc  became  engaged  in  an  altercation 
with  Lieut.-Col.  John  Wilkins,  then  commanding  for  Great 
Britain  in  the  Illinois  country  with  headquarters  at  Fort 
Chartres.  The  strife  between  the  two  commandants  waxed 
hot,  and  attracted  the  attention  of  Gen.  Thomas  Gage  at 
New  York,  and  of  Don  Alexandro  O'Reilly  at  New 
Orleans,  the  commanders-in-chief  in  North  America  for 
Great  Britain  and  Spain  respectively.  Rocheblavc  for- 
warded his  correspondence  with  Wilkins,  arid  a  letter  of 
complaint  to  his  chief,  the  governor  and  captain-general 
for  his  catholic  majesty  of  the  province  of  Louisiana.  He 
sent  all  the  papers,  together  with  a  conciliatory  letter  and 

*  Petition  to  Carleton,  April   10,   1777. — Haldimand  Papers,  "Canadian 
Archives."  t  St.  Louis  City- Records. 

+  Shea's  "Life  and  Times  of  Archbishop  Carroll,"  p.  120. 


i 


wnimm,!"" 


236 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


a  copy  of  Ins  orders  to  the  commanders  of  the  several 
posts  within  his  government  intended  to  prevent  the  re- 
currence of  such  troubles,  to  the  commander  of  the  forces 
of  his  Britannic  majesty  in  his  American  colonies.  Gen. 
Gage  replied  in  the  same  spirit,  and,  while  he  said  it  was 
not  possible  from  the  letters  of  Rocheblave  and  Wilkins 
to  discover  the  merits  of  their  controversy,  he  agreed  with 
Don  Alexandro  in  the  expediency  of  putting  a  stop  to 
these  little  disputes  in  the  beginning  to  avoid  their  in- 
creasing to  animosities.  And  in  courtly  phrase,  he  ex- 
pressed his  ambition  to  follow  Don  Alexandro's  example 
and  to  obey  his  commands  on  all  occasions,*  the  humor 
of  which,  under  all  the  circumstances,  Don  O'Reilly's 
Irish  blood  must  have  enabled  him  to  enjoy.  It  does  not 
appear  what  the  precise  difficulty  was,  but  it  is  evident 
that  Rocheblave  was  as  prompt  to  oppose  the  British,  in 
behalf  of  Spain,  in  things  temporal,  as  in  things  spiritual. 

By  what  process  this  foe  of  Great  Britain,  who  as  a 
Frenchman  had  fought  against  her  troops,  and  as  a  Span- 
iard had  quarreled  with  her  officials,  was  transformed  into 
a  subject  of  George  the  Third  is  a  mystery.  Nor  is  it 
known  when  the  marvellous  change  took  place.  It  was 
alleged  against  hirn  that  he  never  took  the  oath  of  allegi- 
ance and  supremacy  required  of  those  who  held  office 
under  the  British  crown.f  However  this  may  have  been, 
Rocheblave  returned  to  Kaskaskia  some  time  between 
1770  and  1776,  and  posed  as  a  British  subject. 

Lieut.-Col.  John  Wilkins  was  followed  in  the  command 
of  the  Illinois  by  Capt.  Hugh  Lord,  who  had  at  Kaskas- 
kia two  companies  of  regulars  and  a  few  artillery-men. 
Maj.-Gen.  Haldimand,  who  succeeded  Gage  in  command 
at  New  York  in  June,  1773,  was  rather  in  favor  of  keep- 
ing these  troops  in  the  Illinois  country.     But  Gen.  Gage, 

*  (iage  to  O'Reilly,  May  16,  1770.— Ilaldimand  Papers. 
i  I'etition  to  Carleton. — Supra. 


W 

hi 

c^ 
li 
til 

S( 

pi 


m 


\T&,mwm' 


K  "Wr  BUMHB*^.'*'*'"' ' 


—  ■—    ■*"■*— "^Wiafir'fci 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS  —  ROCHEBLAVE. 


237 


who  resumed  command  on  his  arrival  at  Boston  in  May, 
1774,  feared,  as  the  troubles  with  the  colonies  began  to 
increase,  that  the  detachment  might  be  cut  off  and  was 
inclined  to  order  it  eastward.  Various  circumstances  pre- 
vented the  accomplishment  of  this  design  until  Sir  Guy 
Carlton,  the  commander-in-chief  in  Canada,  in  whose 
jurisdiction  the  Illinois  country  was  included,  determined 
to  carry  it  out.  And  after  the  disasters  to  the  royal  arms 
in  1775,  when  the  soldiers  of  the  colonies  invaded  Canada, 
he  issued  the  necessary  orders.* 

In  the  spring  of  1776,  Capt.  Lord  and  his  men  departed 
to  join  the  British  forces  by  the  way  of  Detroit  and  the 
lakes.-f-  He,  was  instructed  to  entrust  the  administration 
of  affairs  to  such  person  as  he  judged  proper.  He  selected 
Rocheblave  as  his  successor,  and  it  is  a  proof  of  his  con- 
fidence in  him  that  he  left  his  own  family  in  Rocheblave's 
charge,  and  four  years  thereafter  they  were  still  with 
Madame  Rocheblave.j  Carleton  wrote  Hamilton,  the 
British  lieutenant-governor  at  Detroit,  that  the  troops  were 
withdrawn  from  the  Illinois  to  avoid  unnecessary  expense, 
and  that  a  salary  of  ^200  per  year  had  been  granted 
Rocheblave  to  have  an  eye  to  the  king's  interests  in  those 
parts,  and  to  advise  the  government  of  whatever  might  be 
carrying  on  there  against  them,  and  that  his  appointment 
was  deemed  to  have  commenced  May  i,  1776.^5  And  he 
wrote  Lord  George  Germaine,  the  secretary  of  war,  that 
he  had  employed  Rocheblave  to  have  an  eye  on  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Spaniards  and  the  management  of  the 
Indians  on  that  side;  that  his  abilities  and  knowledge  of 
that  part  of  the  country  recommended  him  as  a  fit  per- 
son; and  that  he  thought  such  a  one  necessary  since  the 
post  which  had  been  held  upon  the  Mississippi  had  been 

*  Rocheblave  to  Germaine,  Jan.  22,  1778. — "Canadian  Archives." 
t  Carleton  to  Hugh  Lord,  July  19,  1776. — Ilaldimand  Papers. 
t  Madame  de  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand. — Haldimand  MSS. 
§  Carleton  to  Hamilton,  Sept.  15,  1777. — //>/(/. 


I 


^!% 


-  *-HM»<«M 


238 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


witkdrdvvn.*  Rocheblave  naturally  magnified  his  office, 
and  considered  that  Capt.  Lord  had  appointed  him  judge 
and  commander  of  a  vast  country,  and  had  in  effect  in- 
structed him  to  continue  to  bestow  upon  the  savages  the 
presents  ordinarily  given  in  order  to  avoid  alienating  them, 
and  that  it  was  also  committed  to  him  to  break  up  the 
designs  and  evil  intentions  of  the  Spaniards  to  say  nothing 
of  the  rebellious  colonists.  He  so  informed  the  home 
government  nearly  two  years  after  his  appointment.^f*  But 
however  backward  he  was  in  advising  his  superiors  of  the 
extent  of  his  authority,  he  lost  no  time  in  impressing  it 
upon  the  people  of  the  Illinois  country.  The  French  in- 
habitants were  speedily  taught  to  address  him  as  comman- 
dant of  all  the  British  part  of  the  Illinois,  and  with  the 
most  humble  respect  and  submission,  as  did  the  residents 
of  Peoria.|  The  British  inhabitants  were  less  docile,  and 
complained  by  petition  to  Carleton,  that  Rocheblave 
trampled  upon  their  liberties,  "despised  Englishmen  and 
English  laws,"  acted  both  as  counsel  and  judge,  traded 
with  the  savages  against  his  own  edicts,  and  was  partial  to 
the  French.^  If  one-half  of  their  allegations  were  true, 
he  certainly  carried  matters  with  a  high  hand  and  played 
the  part  of  a  despot. 

Still  it  is  but  fair  to  Rocheblave  to  say,  that  however 
unjust  to  the  people,  he  seems  to  have  been  faithful  to  the 
government.  And  notwithstanding  his  previous,  frequent 
changes  of  allegiance,  he  served  the  British  crown  during 
his  stay  at  the  Illinois  with  a  zeal  and  persistence  which 
obtained  from  his  superior  officers  a  quasi-recognition  of 
his  right  to  the  positions  he  claimed.  Even  Sir  Guy  .Carle- 
ton  who  so  carefully  limited  his  authority  at  the  outset,  a 

*  Carleton  to  Germaine,  Aug.  13,  1777. — "Canadian  Archives." 
+  Rocheblave  to  Germaine,  Jan.  22,  1778. — Sufira.  » 

X  Inhabitants  of  Peoria  to  Rocheblave. — Sit/ra. 
§  Petition  to  Carleton. — Supra. 


I 


F<-    . 


kkmbM* 


riffit''^'*iiriiii«ii"  ■> "" 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS  —  ROCIIEBLAVE. 


239 


Dffice, 
judge 
ct  in- 
2S  the 
them, 
ip  the 
Dthing 

home 
|-   But 
of  the 
5ing  it 
ich  ili- 
um an - 
th  the 
sidents 
le,  and 
leblave 
en  and 

traded 
irtial  to 
re  true, 

played 

lowever 
I  to  the 
Vequent 
1  during 
e  which 
lition  of 
y  .Carle- 
outset,  a 


i 


few  months  later  promised  him  an  order  authorizing  him 
to  call  out  the  militia,  which  practically  made  him  com- 
mandant,* and  apparently  paid  no  attention  to  the  com- 
plaints against  him.  The  home  government  made  no 
objection  to  his  assuming  the  title  he  coveted,  and  Haldi- 
mand,  who  succeeded  Carleton  as  governor  of  Canada, 
June  30,  1778,  and  with  whom  Rocheblave  carried  on  an 
extensive  correspondence  after  the  capture  of  Fort  Gage, 
always  treated  him  as  the  former  commandant  at  the 
Illinois,  and  in  fact  paid  him  his  salary  as  such  officer 
until  some  time  in  I783,f  and  also  his  expenses  in  that 
office."!*  Certainly  he  was  untiring  in  his  efforts  to  obtain 
information  concerning  the  schemes  of  the  Spaniards  and 
colonists,  and  nothing  pleased  him  better  than  to  hold  a 
solemn  examination  in  the  audience  room  of  Fort  Gage  at 
Kaskaskia,  usually  at  five  o'clock  in  the  morning,  of  some 
trader  returning  from  a  winter  visit  to  a  tribe  with  which 
'le  Spaniards  at  St.  Louis  had  been  tampering,  or  some 
refugee  from  the  colonies  bringing  cheering  but  delusive 
tales  of  their  probable  return  to  their  allegiance;  and  to 
send  off  an  express  with  the  depositions  of  such  witness'^® 
duly  signed,  sealed,  witnessed  and  verified  upon  oath,  to 
Lieut.-Gov.  Hamilton  at  Detroit,  or  Sir  Guy  Carleton  at 
Montreal.  He  was  really,  as  he  himself  says,  left  in  charge 
of  a  great  province  without  troops,  without  money,  and 
without  resources.^  And  he  accomplished  much  with  very- 
little  means.  His  services  were  especially  valuable  in 
regard  to  the  Indians  among  whom  his  military  experience 
and  long  association  with  them  as  a  French  partisan  gave 
him  influence,  and  he  kept  the  tribes  in  his  neighborhood 
quiet,  and  the  routes  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  open  for 
a  considerable  time  by  his  personal  eftbrts  alone. 

*  Carleton  to  Rocheblave,  Oct.  28,  1776. — Haldimand  Papers. 

+  Haldimand  Papers. 

i  Rocheblave  to  Germaine,  Feb.  28,  1778. — Supra. 


240 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


' 


In  fact,  he  decidedly  preferred  this  kind  of  occupation; 
and  this  feeling,  together  with  the  lack  of  harmony  be- 
tween himself  and  the  British  traders  at  Kaskaskia,  in- 
duced him  to  earnestly  entreat  that  an  English  lieutenant- 
governor  might  be  sent  to  take  his  place,  and  he  be  de- 
tailed to  take  charge  of  Indian  affairs.*  He  was  equally 
anxious  that  at  least  a  few  troops  should  be  sent  to  pro- 
tect the  country,  the  importance  of  which  he  seemed  to 
realize  far  more  than  any  one  else  in  the  British  service, 
except  perhaps  Gen.  Haldimand  who,  had  he  succeeded 
Carleton  in  time,  would  probably  have  granted  this  re- 
quest. For  after  Clark's  successful  expedition,  Haldimand 
expressed  the  opinion  that  had  the  two  companies  of  regu- 
lars which  he  left  at  the  Illinois  when  he  commanded  in 
New  York,  been  left  there  they  would  have  assured  posses- 
sion of  the  country  and  prevented  subsequent  conse- 
quences.-f*  Rocheblave  insisted,  but  to  deaf  ears,  that  the 
Illinois  country  if  better  known,  would  be  one  of  the 
richest  colonies  which  his  majesty  possessed,  and  that  it 
would  soon  become  the  centre  of  communication  between 
the  colonists  and  the  Spaniards  by  the  way  of  the  Beau- 
tiful River.j  Carleton  wrote  Hamilton  that  it  would  be 
impracticable  to  send  any  troops  to  Rocheblaveij  and  none 
were  ever  sent  him. 

But  it  was  the  financial  rock  upon  which  he  split.  Not- 
withstanding Carlcton's  strict  limitation  of  his  allowances 
to  ;^200  a  year  and  the  cost  of  his  expenses,  j|  Rocheblave 
could  not  reconcile  this  petty  sum  with  the  dignity  of  his 
office,  and  came  to  grief  accordingly.  His  expenditures 
may  not  have  been  altogether  upon  government  account. 


of 

bj 
hi 
h^ 

Pi 
hi 

all 


:>* , 


*  Rocheblave  to  Hamilton,  May  8,  1777. — "Canadian  Archives." 
t  Haldimand  to  de  Bude  (?),  June  17,  1779. — Haldimand  Papers. 
X  Rocheblave  to  Germaine,  Jan.  22,  1778. — Snpra. 
%  Carleton  to  Hamilton,  May  16,  1777. — Supra. 
11  Ibid,  Sept.  15,  111"] .—Supra, 


Cl 


I. 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS  — ROCIIEBLAVE. 


241 


ition; 
ly  be- 
ia,  in- 
iiiant- 
be  de- 
qually 
o  pro- 
led  to 
ervice, 
ceeded 
his  re- 
limand 
if  regu- 
ided  in 
posses- 
conse- 
that  the 
of   the 
that  it 
between 
e  Beau- 
ould  be 
nd  none 

t.  Not- 
lowances 
cheblavc 
ty  of  his 
enditures 
;  account, 


9. 


rs. 


but  doubtless  in  part  they  were,  and  his  surprise  and  grief 
at  the  non-payment  of  his  modest  drafts  for  twelve  and 
thirteen  hundred  pounds  are  almost  pathetic,  albeit  some- 
what humorous.  Carleton  had  notified  him  in  May,  1777, 
that  he  must  not  incur  any  further  expense,  but  could  draw 
for  his  salary  only  which  was  all  that  Hamilton  was  author- 
ized to  accept,  but  he  paid  no  attention  to  this/^  Then 
finding  that  he  could  extract  nothing  from  Hamilton  or 
Carleton,  he  addresses  himself  directly  to  Lord  George 
Germaine  at  Whitehall,  and  assures  him  that  his  expendi- 
tures have  always  savored  more  of  the  niggardliness  of  a 
private  individual  than  what  could  have  been  expected 
from  a  great  power  like  Great  Britair;  that  he  did  receive 
orders  to  incur  no  more  expense  up'';n  government  account, 
but  the  absolute  necessity  of  his  work  had  obliged  him  to 
continue  it  on  his  own  account,  expecting  of  course  to  be 
reimbursed.-f  This  producing  no  efiect,  he  applies  again 
to  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  who  is  told  that  it  grieves  Roche- 
blave  to  the  heart  to  speak  on  the  subject  of  finance,  but 
he  is  persuaded  that  the  goodness  of  Carleton's  heart  will 
not  permit  him  to  refuse  the  payment  of  Rocheblave's 
rejected  drafts,  and  that  he  has  strongly  felt  that  the  honor 
of  the  nation  would  not  permit  his  fanaticism  of  zeal  to 
be  costly  to  him,  nor  that  he  should  become  the  sport  of 
his  neighbors  and  savages.  And  while  he  confesses  that 
he  has  persuaded  the  commandant  at  Vincennes  to  carry 
part  of  Rocheblave's  expenditures  in  his  account,  he  says 
he  forced  himself  to  this  kind  of  deceit  which  the  crisis 
alone  could  justify  and  that  it  troubles  him  all  the  more 
because  it  is  foreign  to  his  character. ;|: 

The  government  was  obdurate,  but  with  undiminished 
cheerfulness  and  energy,  he  continued  to  raise  the  warn- 

*  Carleton  to  Hamilton,  ^^      16,  1777. — Haldiinand  Papers, 
t  Rocheblave  to  Germaine,     m\.  22,  1778. — Supra, 
X  Rocheblave  to  Carleton,  I-eb.  18,  1778. — .Supra. 


•w 


1 


242 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


ing  voice  of  one  crying  in  the  wilderness  against  the  early 
expeditions  of  the  colonists  along  the  Ohio  and  the  Mis- 
sisippi  to  New  Orleans  to  obtain  supplies  from  the  Span- 
iards, and  the  danger  which  these  threatened  to  the  Illinois 
posts.  The  daring  young  continental  captain,  James 
Willing,  descended  the  Ohio  from  Fort  Pitt,  with  an 
armed  vessel  and  forty  soldiers,  captured  fur-traders  going 
to  deal  with  the  Indians  under  British  permits,  officers  of 
militia  with  Rocheblave's  own  pass,  took  bateaux  and 
cargoes  in  British  waters,  and  nearly  caught  Rocheblave 
himself  as  he  returned  from  a  visit  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Abbott 
at  Vincennes.  Willing  went  on  his  way  to  attack  the 
British  settlements  on  the  lower  Mississippi;  and  Roche- 
blave duly  reported  every  account  and  rumor  concerning 
him,  giving  them  the  darkest  possible  coloring,  and  again 
and  again  begged  for  the  troops  which  s  .ch  expeditions 
proved  to  be  essential  to  the  preservation  of  the  Western 
country.* 

It  was  all  in  vain,  his  requests  for  soldiers  were  un- 
heeded, his  accounts  for  expenditures  more  or  less  in  the 
public  service  were  disallowed,  and  his  drafts  on  the  gov- 
ernment representatives  whether  at  Detroit  or  in  Canada, 
went  to  protest.  But  his  busy  pen  was  still  at  work,  and 
when  the  eventful  July  4,  1778,  arrived,  he  was  correspond- 
ing as  briskly  as  ever.  He  was  true  to  his  financial  record 
to  the  last,  for  he  made  one  more  draft,  and  that  for  over 
$1200  and  on  the  government  treasurer  at  Quebec ;f 
calmly  oblivious  of  the  repeated  injunctions  of  his  superior 
officers  that  he  should  draw  on  Detroit  only,  and  for  no 
more  than  his  annual  salary.  He  accompanied  this  bill 
of  exchange  with  a  letter  to  the  treasurer  praying  that  it 

*  Rocheblave  to  Abbott,  June  20,  1778.     Rocheblave  to  Carleton,  July 
4,  1778. — Haldimand  Papers. 

+  Rocheblave  to  Thomas  Dunn,  treasurer,  Quebec,  Bill  of  Exchange,  July 
4,  1778.— //'/</. 


li' 


— « ^■'*-'»^«- 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS  —  ROCI1KI5LAVE. 


243 


;he  early 
the  Mis- 
le  Span- 
e  Illinois 
I,   James 
with  an 
ers  going 
)fficers  of 
;aux   and 
icheblave 
/.  Abbott 
ttack  the 
d  Roche- 
Dncerning 
md  again 
:peditions 
;  Western 

were  un- 
ess  in  the 
I  the  gov- 
n  Canada, 
work,  and 
)rrespond- 
:ial  record 
it  for  over 

Quebec  ;t 
is  superior 
md  for  no 
d  this  bill 
ing  that  it 

Jarleton,  July 
ilxchange,  July 


might  be  honored,  and  mentioning  that  the  uncertainty  in 
which  he  was  as  to  whether  his  preceding  draft  had  been 
paid,  had  occasioned  him  an  increase  of  expense.  And 
he  frankly  stated  that  thp  doings  of  the  Spaniards  with 
the  Americans  required  that  he  should  do  even  more  than 
before,  presumably  in  the  financial  line,  if  his  services  were 
to  be  of  any  use  to  the  country.  These,  however,  he 
offered  freely.*  And  on  the  same  day,  the  very  last  of 
his  command  at  the  Illinois,  he  dispatched  a  long  com- 
munication to  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  containing  the  latest 
news  of  the  rebel  marauders  along  the  Mississippi,  earn- 
estly soliciting  the  immediate  sending  of  a  body  of  troops 
to  the  Illinois,  and  asserting  that  all  his  alarms  were  about 
to  be  realized  and  that  they  were  upon  the  eve  of  seeing 
there  a  numerous  band  of  brigands.  And  he  pathetically 
implored  the  governor  to  order  the  treasurer  to  pay  his 
latest  draft,  he  being  overcome  with  demands.  And  ap- 
parently having  exhausted  all  other  arguments,  he  begged 
for  assistance  as  the  father  of  a  family  in  pecuniary  diffi- 
culties.-f- 

Before  the  next  sunrise,  George  Rogers  Clark  and  his 
men  were  in  possession  of  the  old  Jesuit  mansion  which 
did  duty  for  a  fort  at  Kaskaskia,  and  the  hapless  Roche- 
blave  was  a  prisoner  of  war.  The  band  of  brigands  had 
arrived,  not  those  under  the  command  of  James  Willing 
whose  coming  he  had  for  some  time  predicted  and  dreaded, 
but  another  force  under  another  leader  whose  approach  he 
does  not  seem  to  have  suspected.  According  to  the -pop- 
ular account,  Rocheblave  was  captured  in  his  bed.:|:  Clark 
only  says  that  with  one  division  of  his  little  army  he 
broke  into  the  fort  and  secured  the  governor,  Mr.  Roche- 
blave.^     It  has  been  also  stated  that  the  wife  of  the  gov- 

*  Rocheblave  to  Thos.  Dunn,  July  4,  1778. — Haldimand  Papers. 

t  Rocheblave  to  Carleton,  July  4,  1778. — Ibui. 

X  Reynolds'  "Pioneer  History  of  Illinois,"  2d  ed.,  p.  95. 

§  "Clark's  Campaign  in  the  Illinois,"  p.  31. 


Jm 


244 


f:ARLY   ILLINOIS. 


1 


crnor  concealed  the  public  papers  in  her  husband's  charge, 
and  that,  as  Gov.  Reynolds  puts  it,  "the  gentlemanly  bear- 
ing of  Col.  Clark  made  him  respect  female  prerogative, 
and  the  lady  secured  the  papers  in  that  adroit  manner 
peculiar  to  female  sagacity."*  One  of  Clark's  lieutenants, 
however,  Capt.  Bowman,  wrote  to  a  friend  shortly  after 
the  capture,  that  they  had  all  of  Rocheblave's  instructions 
from  the  several  governors  at  Detroit,  Quebec,  etc.,  to  do 
various  things,  for  which  he  received  a  salary  of  ;^200  a 
year.f  It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  a  part  of  Rocheblave's. 
correspondence  and  at  any  rate  some  of  the  letters  fromi 
Carlcton  on  the  subject  of  his  annual  compensation  felt 
into  Clark's  hands. 

Rocheblave's  letter  to  Carleton,  announcing  the  arrival 
of  Clark  and  his  men,  is  a  pathetic  epistle.  It  was  written 
August  3,  1778,  or  nearly  a  month  after  his  capture,  whei> 
he  appears  to  have  still  been  a  prisoner  at  Fort  Gage.  He 
tells  what  he  would  have  done  had  he  been  supported  or 
could  aid  have  reached  him  from  Vincennes,  begs  that  his 
last  draft  may  be  paid,  asks  help  for  his  family  and  Capt. 
Lord's,  and  urges  his  own  exchange.  He  says  his  prison 
is  worse  than  anything  in  Algiers,  and  that  he  is  to  depart 
the  next  day  "for  the  congress,"  although  quite  ill. 

Clark  sent  those  of  his  men  whom  he  could  not  persuade 
to  recnlist  to  carry  letters  to  Gov.  Patrick  Henry  at  Will- 
iamsburg and  with  them  went  Rocheblave  across  the 
Alleghanies  in  custody.:).  In  this  detachment  was  Levi 
Todd,  brother  of  John  Todd  the  first  governor  of  the 
Illinois  county  under  Virginia.{$  In  the  following  spring, 
Rocheblave  was  joined  by  his  former  correspondent  Lieut. - 
Gov.   Hamilton    of   Detroit,   whom,   after   the  capture  of 

*  Reynolds'  "Pioneer  History  of  Illinois,"  2d  ed.,  p.  95. 

t  Bowman  to  Mite,  July  30,  1778.  — Almon's  "  Kemembrancer,"  1779,  p.  S-V 

X  "Clark's  Campaign  in  the  Illinois,"  p.  37. 

§  Reynolds'  "Pioneer  History  of  Illinois,"  2d  ed.,  p.  143  n. 


9, 


ll: 


L 


15RITISH    ILLINOIS  —  ROCHEBLAVE, 


24S 


charge, 
ly  bear- 
ogative, 

manner 
itenants, 
tly  after 
t  ructions 
tc,  to  do 
r  ;^2CX)  a 
heblave's 
ers  fromi 
ition  felt 

lie  arrival 
IS  written, 
ure,  vvhCiY 
rage.  He 
ported  or 
that  his 
md  Capt, 
lis  prison 

to  depart 

11. 

;  persuade 

y  at  WilU 

icross   the 

was  Levi 
or  of  the 
ng  spring, 
ent  Lieut.- 
capture  of 

,"1779.  P-  i^- 


Vincennes,  Clark  also  sent  to  Williamsburg  as  a  prisoner. 
Hamilton  was  closely  confined  and  placed  in  irons  for  his 
cruel  treatment  of  captives  and  his  connection  with  Indian 
outrages.  Rocheblave  appears  to  have  had  the  freedom 
of  the  town  on  parole.*  While  here,  according  to  his  own 
account,  it  was  proposed  to  him  to  return  to  the  Illinois  to 
govern  that  country  in  the  name  of  congress  with  the 
titles  of  governor,  superintendent  of  the  Indians  and 
colonel,  and  that  all  he  had  lost  there  should  be  made 
good  to  him.  And  he  represents  that  when  he  resolutely 
withstood  these  flattering  temptations,  the  governor  and 
council  of  Virginia  asked  the  French  Marquis  de  Vau- 
dreuil,  commander  of  a  ship  of  seventy-four  guns  which 
was  lying  in  Virginia  waters,  to  transport  him  to  France 
or  the  West  Indies  as  a  traitor  to  his  native  country.  The 
marquis  sent  an  officer  ashore  whom  Rocheblave  went  to 
meet  with  the  county  lieutenant,  but  no  parole  to  return 
to  the  town  was  exacted  of  him.  The  officer  threatened 
to  send  him  to  France  or  the  islands  but  Rocheblave  says 
he  told  him  that  the  king  of  France  having  abandoned 
him  after  the  last  peace,  he  had  become  a  British  subject 
and  that  the  king  could  exercise  no  jurisdiction  over  him. 
And  that  the  council,  seeing  that  the  French  officer  had 
not  succeeded  sent  him  a  parole  to  sign,  which  he  evaded 
by  pretending  to  be  sick,  and  made  his  escape.'-'  Thomas 
Jefferson  gives  a  different  account,  for  in  writing  to  Gen. 
Washington  from  Richmond  in  September,  1778,  he  said 
Lieut. -Gov.  Rocheblave  had  broken  his  parole  und  gone 
to  New  York,  and  that  the  authorities  of  Virginia  would 
shortly  trouble  the  commander-in-chief  to  demand  the 
return  of  the  lieutenant-governor  as  soon  as  they  could 
forward  the  necessary  papers.-f- 

*  Madame  de  Koclieblave  to  Haldimantl;  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  Oct, 
i),  1780. — Haldimand  I'apeis.       Jefferson's  '"Writings,"  I,  258. 

t  Jefferson's  "  Writings,"  supra. 


3^ 


246 


EARr,Y   ILLINOIS. 


It 


However  this  may  have  been,  Rocheblavc  arrived  in 
New  York  in  July,  1780,  in  company  with  SchieffeHn,  lieu- 
tenant of  Detroit  volunteers,  who  had  been  taken  prisoner 
with  Hamilton,  and  had  also  made  his  escape.  In  October 
of  that  year,  Rochcblave  wrote  Haldimand  at  length, 
settiiiGT  forth  his  desire  to  raise  some  volunteers  to  chase 
the  rebels  from  the  region  of  the  Mississippi,  the  Ohio 
and  the  Wabash,  forwarding  all  the  bad  news  concerning 
the  colonists  he  could  hear  or  imagine,  modestly  calling 
attention  to  the  fact  that  his  letters  to  Carleton  would 
show  that  he  had  predicted  all  that  had  happened  in  the 
West,  months  before  its  occurrence,  and  entreating  some 
aid  for  his  own  family  and  that  of  Maj.  Hugh  Lord, 
whom  he  said  the  brigands  had  deprived  of  the  last  morsel 
of  bread.*  With  characteristic  assurance,  he  followed 
this  some  ten  days  later  with  a  plan  for  carrying  on  the 
war,  entering  into  minute  details.-f*  In  December,  1780, 
he  wrote  again  from  New  York  to  Haldimand,  asking 
that  his  pay  might  be  sent  to  his  wife,  and,  faithful  to  his 
charge,  he  asks  for  aid  also  for  Hugh  Lord's  family.^ 

Lieut.-Gov.  Hamilton  was  exchanged  March  4,  178 1, 
and  wrote  to  Haldimand  three  days  later  to  Inform  him 
of  that  fact,  and  incidentally  mentioned  that  Rocheblave 
was  still  in  New  York  waiting  for  a  convoy  to  Quebec.i^ 
This  he  seems  to  have  obtained  in  the  fall  of  that  year,j| 
as  we  find  him  at  Quebec  on  Oct.  7,  1781,  addressing  a 
memorial  to  Haldimand  on  the  advantage  of  occupying 
the  Illinois  country,  and  merely  mentioning  that  Lieut.- 
Gov,  Hamilton,  to  whose  judgment  it  was  proposed  to 
refer  the  project,  was  aware  of  the  superior  knowledge 

*  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand. — Haldimand  Papers. 
+  Rocheblave's  Tlan,  Oct.  20,  ijSo.—J/uW. 
i  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  L^ec.  12,  1780. — J/>i(/. 
^  Hamilton  to  Haldimand,  May  7,  1781. — Jfiicf. 
11  Haldimand  to  Hamilton,  Oct.  23,  1781. — /iiJ. 


4 


*;•( 


i. 


JWtMw^.lMHWi 


If  i1»l#-tflflHlr 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS  —  KOCIIEnLAVE. 


247 


rived   in 
lin,  lieu- 
prisoner 
October 
length, 
to  chase 
he  Ohio 
ncerning 
y  calling 
n  would 
;d  in  the 
ng  some 
y\\  Lord, 
st  morsel 
followed 
g  on  the 
jer,  1780, 
d,  asking 
ful  to  his 
lily.l 

.  4.  1781, 
form  him 
ocheblave 
Quebec.^ 

lat  year,ji 
Iressing  a 
jccupying 
at  Lieut. - 
oposed  to 
cnowledgc 


•of  Rocheblave  to  whose  department  such  a  question 
belonged.*  In  February,  1782,  he  applied  for  a  passport 
to  Detroit  and  a  recommendation  in  his  favor,  and  for 
leave  to  send  an  express  to  his  wife,-f*  and  in  March,  his 
importunity  obtained  from  the  government  a  warrant  for 
■disbursements  as  commandant  at  the  Illinois.|  Notwith- 
standing this  however,  he  again  recalled  his  services  to 
the  much  enduring  Haldimi.nd,  suggested  that  his  warn- 
ings, which  might  have  saveci  Cornwallis,  had  only  been 
laughed  at,  and  proposing  to  secure  the  Illinois  country, 
and  with  the  aid  of  Germans  and  Acadians  from  Virginia 
and  Maryland,  to  arrange  the  neutrality  of  Kentucky  and 
the  Indians  at  a  trifling  expense.  But,  if  this  compre- 
hensive proposition  was  not  entertained,  he  asked  for  a 
passport  and  a  circular  letter  to  the  commanders  of  the 
posts,  where  he  might  desire  to  trade,  and  last,  not  least, 
for  the  reimbursement  of  his  losses.§  Haldimand  evi- 
dently thought  the  most  economical  plan,  and  the  one 
promising  the  most  respite  for  himself,  was  to  permit  this 
persistent  individual  to  engage  in  trade.  And  he  accord- 
ingly gave  him  letters  to  Maj.  de  Peyster  at  Mackinac, 
who  was  informed  that  Rocheblave  had  been  continued 
on  pay  and  was  to  be  employed  as  found  useful,  and  that 
he  had  been  allowed  to  take  up  a  small  cargo  of  goods 
which  was  not  to  pay  freight  on  the  lakes,  jj  But  before 
he  set  out  on  this  expedition,  Rocheblave  sent  from  Que- 
bec, Aug.  31,  1782,  another  petition  praying  for  the  pay- 
ment o^  his  salary  and  the  expenditures  incurred  during 
his  long  captivity,^  and  his  salary  as  commandant  was 
granted  him.**  The  peace  which  Haldimand  thus  secured 

*  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  Oct.  7,  1781. — Haldimand  MSS. 

i  Ibid,  Feb.  17,  1782.     %  Il'id,  March  22,  1782. — Haldimand  Papers. 

X  Warrant  to  Philip  de  Rocheblave,  March,  1782. — Ilnd. 

II  Haldimand  to  Peyster,  April  28,  1782. — Ibid. 

1[  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  August  31,  1782. — Ibid. 

**  Warrant  to  Philip  de  Rocheblave,  October,  1782. — Ibid. 

17-34-2 


J^ 


lU         m 


248 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


for  himself  was  not  of  long  duration,  for  Rocheblave 
seems  to  have  been  unable  to  resist  the  temptation  while 
at  Mackinac  of  engaging  in  his  former  pastime  of  making 
drafts  on  government  account.  And  Haldimand  was 
obliged  to  write  him  with  some  sternness,  regretting  that 
Rocheblave  had  been  interested  in  bills  drawn  from 
Mackinac,  contrary  to  orders,  as  they  must  be  allowed  to 
go  to  protest." 

Perhaps  because  of  the  unfortunate  outcome  of  this 
attempt  to  resume  business,  Rocheblave  soon  after  de- 
parted for  the  Illinois,  and  doubtless  revisited  his  old 
home  at  Kaskaskia  in  the  winter  of  1782-3.  Maj.  de 
Peyster,  then  commanding  at  Detroit,  advised  Haldimand 
of  this,  and  asked  what  was  to  be  done  if  Rocheblave 
returned  or  drew  for  back  pay.f  Haldimand  replied 
that  Rocheblave  had  been  drawing  money  for  salary  from 
Quebec,  and  his  pay  was  to  be  continued  from  there, :|: 
and  in  March,  1783,  another  warrant  to  Philip  Roche- 
blave for  his  salary  as  commandant  at  the  Illinois  was 
duly  issued.^  And  in  the  same  month,  Rocheblave,  who 
had  returned  to  Quebec,  confidently  submitted  to  Haldi- 
mand a  plan  for  uniting  and  strengthening  the  parts  of 
America  left  in  British  possession  taking  in  all  the  terri- 
tory formerly  owned  by  France,  including  the  Mississippi, 
New  Orleans,  etc.||  He  took  the  opportunity,  however, 
to  request  a  settlement  of  his  claims  for  losses  and  expen- 
ditures during  captivity ;*[  and  also  addressed  Haldi- 
mand's  secretary,  Capt.  Mathews  on  the  subject.** 

Rocheblave  apparently  had  regained  the  favor  of  Hal- 
dimand, who  cheerfully  granted  him  a  pass  for  two  bat- 

*  Haldimand  to  Rocheblave,  Nov.  2,  1782. — Haldimand  Papers. 

t  Peyster  to  Haldimand,  Jan.  7,  1783. — Ibid. 

X  Haldimand  to  Peyster,  March  12,  1783. — Ibid. 

§  Warrant  to  Philip  de  Rocheblave,  March,  1783. — Ibid. 

II  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  Mch.  11,  1783.      H  Ibid^  Apr.  7,  x-j^i.—lbid. 

**  Rocheblave  to  Mathews,  Apr.  7,  1783. — Ibid. 


dl 
at 

ad 


!'• 


tr: 


?a      -  r.^lUJi!  -CV.J-;.1uU. 


I 


15KITISII    ILLINOIS  —  ROCIILIiLAVE. 


249 


ocheblave 
tion  while 
)f  makitifTj 
nand  was 
tting  that 
iwn  from 
illovved  to 

le  of   this 
after  de- 
:d  his  old 
Maj.  de 
laldimand 
Locheblave 
id   replied 
alary  from 
3m  there^ 
lip   Roche- 
llinois  was 
:blave,  who 

I  to  Haldi- 
he  parts  of 

II  the  terri- 
Mississippi, 
y,  however, 
and  expen- 
sed Haldi- 
ct.** 

vor  of  Hal- 
br  two  bat- 

'apers. 


7,  1783. -//vV. 


teaux  for  another  trading  expedition,  but  declined  to  dis- 
criminate in  his  behalf  in  the  Mackinac  business.*  This 
favor  was  gratefully  acknowledged  to  the  secretary  by 
the  recipient  who  announced  his  intention  to  try  to  go  to 
the  point  which  he  was  at  before  the  unhappy  affair  at 
Mackinac,  which  he  promised  to  long  remember,  and  well 
observed  that  for  a  man  of  his  age  not  to  go  forward  was 
to  go  back,  and  with  unwonted  consideration,  said  he 
would  refrain  from  fatiguing  Haldimand  with  a  letter.-f- 
Within  a  fortnight,  however,  he  sent  him  a  plan  for  settling 
the  upper  country  with  loyalists,  Germans,  and  Acadians, 
so  as  to  secure  the  territory  on  the  Mississippi  to  the 
British.:!:  Haldimand  had  to  promise  to  do  all  in  his 
power  to  support  Rocheblave's  endeavors  to  recover  his 
losses  ;5j  and  in  the  fall  of  1783,  rumors  reached  Canada 
that  an  act  of  parliament  had  been  passed  to  indemnify 
the  loyalists  for  their  sacrifices.  Rocheblave  promptly 
sent  in  his  claims  again,  and  was  hardly  satisfied  with  the 
decision  to  wait  until  the  act  officially  reached  Quebec. 
He  wished  his  demands  established  immediately  because 
he  said  he  had  to  go  from  Quebec  and  "find  Madame 
Rocheblave  and  the  rest  of  the  family  at  Chikagou,"  and 
settle  all  affairs  in  the  upper  country  before  possession 
was  given  to  the  Americans,  jj  He  seems  to  have  remained 
at  Quebec  during  the  following  year,  as,  in  January,  1784, 
he  besought  the  government  to  give  him  a  situation;  in 
March,  he  asked  for  a  passport  and  circular  letter  to  the 
different  posts  and  for  an  advance  of  cloth  and  powder 
and  a  grant  of  lands  on  the  river  Rideau;  and  in  April, 
sent  in  a  formal  memorial  designating  the  one-thousand- 
acre  tract  of  land  of  which  he  would  like  a  grant  to  hold 

*  Mathews  to  Rocheblave,  April  10,  1783. — Haldimand  Papers. 
+  Rocheblave  to  Mathews,  April  17,  1783. — Idid. 
Z  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  April  28,  1783. — Ibid. 
§  Mathews  to  Rocheblave,  Oct.  22,  1783. — Ibid. 
!l  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  Nov.  6,  1783. — Ibid. 


250 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


under  the  crown.*  Haldimand  .sent  him  a  letter  of  rec- 
ommendation to  enable  him  to  forward  his  goods  to  the 
upper  country,  but  he  still  applied  for  assistance;  his  wife 
reinforced  him  with  an  impressive  letter  stating  their 
distressed  condition  owing  to  the  refusal  to  pay  her  hus- 
band the  money  laid  out  for  the  government  of  the  Illinois 
and  praying  for  justice;  and  Rocheblavc  begged  for  per- 
mission to  at  least  acquire  some  land  from  the  Indians, 
until  finally  Haldimand  succumbed  and  ordered  the  laying 
out  of  one  thousand  acres  of  land  for  Philip  Rocheblave 
on  the  Grand  Isle  near  Cataraqui  or  other  part  in  that 
neighborhood  which  was  ungranted.f 

The  year  1785,  found  Rocheblave  still  at  Quebec, 
whence  he  wrote  Haldimand  at  London  complaihliig  <^hnt 
after  all  his  services,  he  had  received  no  indemnity  for 
losses  such  as  had  oeen  granted  to  every  refugee  loyalist, 
that  he  had  even  been  deprived  of  rations,  and  that 
this  had  a  bad  effect  on  the  Canadians. |  It  vvouid  seem 
seem  that  about  this  time,  Rocheblave  began  to  turn 
his  attention  to  increasing  disaffection  among  the  sub- 
jects of  Great  Britain  in  Canada.  More  than  one  of  Hal- 
dimand's  correspondents  informed  him  concerning  the 
treasonable  expressions  and  doubtful  conduct  of  the  once 
loyal  commandant  at  the  Illinois.^  Secretary  Math- 
ews wrote  to  Rocheblave's  predecessor,  the  now  Major 
Lord,  desiring  information  concerning  his  successor's 
conduct  at  the  Illinois,  as  his  behavior  since  Haldimand's 
.departure  had  been  such  as  to  justify  suspicion  of  his 
(Ostensible  character,  he  having  been  very  active  in  stirr- 
ing up  discontent  among  the  Canadians.  ||     And  in  the 

*  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  Jan.  3,  Mch.  7,  Apr.  12,  1784. — Kald.  I'apeiv 

t  Haldimand  to  Rocheblave,  Mch.  26;  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  Oct.  lO; 
Marie  de  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  Nov.;  Rocheblave  to  Haldimand,  Nov, 
2;  Haldimand  to  Holland,  Nov.  4,  1784. — Ibid. 

X  Rocheblave  to  Ilaldiman,  Jan.  21,  \']%^.—Ibid. 

§  Rouband  to  Haldimand,  Mch.  20;  Baby  to  Haldimand,  June  4,  1785. 

!l  Mathews  to  Maj.  Lord,  Aug.  25,  1785. — Ibid. 


bl 


H 


\h 


*-*^eiw 


.  ,T-.rvrt. -rt  ,'-.i.<riV-..«.>H*.a"'i>'*mj» 


[ 


-!ani9»BW9»>S 


.^BiBb 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS  —  ROCHEBLAVE. 


251 


ir  of  rec- 
)ds  to  the 

his  wife 
ing    their 

her  hus- 
he  Illinois 
d  for  per- 
e  Indians, 
the  laying 
ocheblave 
rt  in  that 

t    Quebec, 
di.ii'.g  ^^"'''t 
enmity  for 
ee  loyalist, 
and   that 
ouid  seem 
an  to  turn 
g  the  sub- 
Due  of  Hal- 
erning   the 
Df  the  once 
:ary    Math- 
novv   Major 
successor's 
laldimand's 
:ion   of  his 
ive  in  stirr- 
A.nd  in  tlu 

— Hald.  Tapeis. 
imand,  Oct.  lO; 
aUlimancl,  Niiv. 

une  4,  1785. 


fall  of  1786,  Mathews  wrote  from  Quebec  to  Haldimand 
in  London  revealing,  what  he  called,  the  odious  character 
of  Rocheblave,  and  commenting  sarcastically  upon  his 
assurance.*  With  this  faint  praise,  the  name  of  Roche- 
'•'  '.ve  disappears  from  the  British  archives. 

Among  the  papers  of  Pierre  Menard  in  the  possession 
of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society  is  a  copy  of  a  docu- 
ment executed  at  Kaskaskia,  July  29,  1801,  certified  to  be 
correct  by  Ph.  Rocheblave.-f*  And  in  a  report  of  com- 
missioners on  land  claims  in  the  district  of  Kaskaskia, 
dated  Dec.  31,  1809,  Philip  Rocheblave  is  stated  to  be  the 
then  present  claimant  of  a  tract  of  land,  which  claim  was 
V  rejected  by  the  commissioners.^  It  is  uncertain,  how- 
ever, whether  the  person  mentioned  in  this  document  and 
in  this  report  is  the  former  commandant  or  a  son  of  the 
same  name.  Of  Rocheblave's  family  very  little  is  known. 
His  wife,  from  her  letters  to  Gen.  Haldimand,  seems  to 
have  been  a  woman  of  force  and  education.  Patrick 
Henry  gave  express  instructions  to  John  Todd,  and  to 
George  Rogers  Clark  that  she  should  be  well  treated,  and 
her  property  restored  or  that  she  should  be  recompensed 
therefor.^  Augustin  Grignon  says  he  knew  two  of 
Rocheblave's  nephews,  Pierre  and  Noel  de  Rocheblave, 
both  engaged  in  the  Indian  trade,  and  that  Pierre  became 
first  a  clerk  and  then  a  member  of  the  Northwestern  Fur- 
Company.  j|  He  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  most 
important  personages  in  this  company,  and  to  have  had  a 
seat  in  the  old  legislative  assembly  at  Ouebec.lT 

No  other  noteworthy  mention  of  the  name  of  Roche- 
blave has  been  found  in  the  annals  of  the  West.     He  was 

*  Mathews  to  Haldimand,  .Sept.  7,  Nov.  9,  1786. — Haldimand  Papers. 

+  Chicago  Historical  Society's  Autograph  Letters,  Vol.  61,  p.  399. 
;      :j:  "American  State  Papers;  Public  Lands,"  II,  130. 

-     §  Henry  to  Todd, — John  Todd's  Record-Book,  Chicago  Historical  Society. 
Henry  to  Clark. — "Calendar  of  Virginia  State- Papers. " 

11  "Wisconsin  Historical  Society's  Collections,"  III,  215.     ^  Ibid,  VII,  133. 


T 


252 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


not  an  altogether  admirable  character,  and  his  feat  of 
changing  allegiance  three  and  perhaps  four  times  within  a 
space  of  twenty  years  redounds  more  to  his  versatility 
than  his  consistency.  But  his  eventful  and  curious  life 
has  a  romantic  interest  of  its  own,  and  illustrates  vividly 
the  transitions  through  which  the  Western  country  passed 
during  the  revolutionary  period.  And  his  name  marks 
an  epoch,  and  will  always  have  a  kind  of  prominence  as 
that  of  the  last  official  representative  of  monarchical 
institutions  upon  the  soil  of  Illinois. 


1; 

aI 


^r»  H*,-!:;!"!  ^tunL'^''^ifei)a.«^^^^.^i 


rT«iarif«aaiiiiV. 


is  feat  of 
s  within  a 
versatility 
jrious  life 
es  vividly 
ry  passed 
me  marks 
linence  as 
onarchical 


ROCHEBLAVE    PAPERS. 


Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Rocheblave. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Haldimand  Papers,  B.  39,  p.  242. 

Crown  Point,  28th  October,  1776. 

Sir: — I  have  just  received  your  letter  of  September 
14th,  with  the  interesting  intelligence  which  you  therein 
communicate  to  me,  I  can  but  approve  the  zeal  which 
you  show  for  the  interests  of  the  King  of  whom  you  have 
become  a  subject,  and  to  whom,  by  the  proof  you  have 
just  given,  as  well  as  oy  the  favorable  report  which  has 
been  made  to  me  concerning  you,  I  do  not  doubt  that  you 

,  will  render  good  service.  I  hope  by  your  skill  to  find 
the  means  of  defeating  the  designs  of  the  rebels,  of  which 
you  inform  me.  I  submit  to  you  whether  you  should  not 
make  every  possible  efibrt  to  engage  the  savages  of  the 
Beautiful  River  to  aid  you. 

'  I  will  send  you  as  soon  as  possible  the  necessary  order 
to  authorize  you  to  call  out  the  militia;  in  the  meantime 
to  recompense  the  trouble  which  you  may  have  in  the 
performance  of  your  duty,  you  can  draw  bills  of  exchange 
tipon  the  Treasurer  of  the  Province,  Mr.  Dunn,  at  Quebec, 
for  the  amount  of  your  expenses  in   the  work  of  which 

'  ^j^ou  have  charge,  to  the  amount  of  two  hundred  pounds 
sterling  per  year,  beginning  from  the  day  of  the  departure 
of  Captain  Lord*  from  your  post,  until  further  order. 

*  Hugh  I-ord  attained  the  rank  of  captain  in  the  British  army,  Dec.  25, 
1762,  was  assigned  Feb   5,  1770,  to  the  i8th  Royal  regiment  of  Ireland,  and 
'was   ranking   captain   in    1776. — R.   G.   Thwaite's  examination   of  British- 
Army  Lists.     He  commanded  a  detachment  of  soldiers  stationed  at  Kaskas- 
l^Jlia,  while  Lieut. -Col.  John  Wilkins  of  the  same  regiment  was  commandant 

253 


a: 


254 


EARLY   ILLINOk 


We  have  taken,  burned  and  destroyed  the  greater  part 
of  the  rebel  fleet  upon  Lake  Champlain,  three  sail  only, 
out  of  the  fifteen  which  they  had,  having  escaped.  The 
Rebels  upon  this  event,  set  fire  to  all  the  houses  and  all 
the  ships  at  this  place,  and  fell  back  hastily  upon  Fort 
Carillon,  but  the  bad  weather  which  is  coming  on,  pre- 
vents us  from  pursuing  them  this  year,  and  we  shall  be 
soon  obliged  to  re-take  the  route  to  Canada  for  our  winter 
quarters. 

M.  ROCHEBLAVE. 


-.t 


Richard  McCarty  to  Rocheblave. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Haldimand  Papers,  b.  122,  p.  6, 

Second  letter,  important  business. 

Sir: — I  have  the  honor  to  wish  you  good  day,  and  to- 
present  my  respects  to  Madame  de  Rocheblave,  and  court- 
esies to  Mademoiselle  Pazet  and  friendship  to  all  the 
family,  to  which  I  would  render  any  service  in  my  power 
here;  I  wish  to  make  use  of  you  to  do  this. 

I  was  ill  at  the  departure  of  Mr.  Charleville,  and  so  I 
was  not  able  to  appear  to  present  my  defence.  Mr.  Levy 
has  been  himself  to  the  house  of  Mr.  Cecil  to  tell  him 
that  our  society  was  separated  and  dispersed  at  the  time 

at  the  Illinois,  Wilkins'  term  of  office  ended  March  30,  1772,  and  he  was 
temporarily  succeeded  by  acting-Maj.  Robert  Hamilton  of  the  same  regi- 
ment who  had  been  stationed  at  Fort  Pitt.  On  June  li,  1772,  Hamilton 
was  relieved  by  Capt.  Lord,  who  remained  in  command  of  the  Illinois,^ 
having  two  companies  from  his  own  regiment  and  three  men  from  the 
Royal  artillery  under  his  charge  there,  until  May  I,  1776,  when  he  and  his 
men  were  recalled  to  Canada.  —  Haldimand  Papers.  In  1779,  he  was 
major  of  the  75th  foot,  or  Prince  of  Wales'  Own,  with  commission  dated 
May  30,  1778,  and  in  1783,  was  a  major  on  half-pay.  Dec.  25,  1802,  he  was 
appointed  major  with  full  pay  in  the  7th  Royal  regiment,  garrison  battalion, 
and  in  1807,  was  a  major  commanding  the  garrison  of  the  Island  of  Jersey 
and  the  last  mention  of  liim  in  the  army  lists  is  in  1829,  which  probably  was 
the  year  of  his  decease. — R.  G.  Thwaite,  su/ra.  e.  g.  m. 


<i,«-' 
^ 


L 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE    PAPERS. 


255 


ater  part 
5ail  only, 
ed.  The 
and  all 
pon  Fort 
on,  pre- 
shall  be 
mr  winter 


,  122,  p.  6. 

ly,  and  to- 
ind  court- 
:o  all  the 
my  power 

,  and  so  I 

Mr.  Levy 

D  tell  him 

t  the  time 

2,  and  he  was 
he  same  regi- 
72,  Hamilton 
■  the  Illinois, 
tien  from  the 
:n  he  and  his 
[779,  he  was 
mission  dated 
,  1802,  he  was 
ison  battalion, 
land  of  Jersey 
I  probably  was 
E.  G.  M. 


of  the  circular,  but  in  time  and  place  I   will  furnish  my 
reply  to  the  petition  presented  to  you. 

I  write  you  a  letter  concerning  the  news  which  without 

doubt  you  have  heard  spoken  of.     It  appears  that  some 

I    one  has  given  aid  to  the  other  shore.     The  news  began  to 

'    be  forgotten,  and   was  hardly  spoken  of,  when   the  two 

Englishmen  arrived   at   St.  Louis.      They  disappeared  as 

they  came  without  the  knowledge  of  any  one. 

I  have  sent  a  mortgage  which  will  be  presented  to  you 
by  Mr.  Kennedy  to  be  registered  according  to  the  custom 
and  law  here  which  I  imagine  will  settle  all  proceedings 
against  me  on  this  subject. 

I  sent  to  fetch  an  Englishman  who  was  said  to  be  at 
Misere*  a  man  very  expert  in   the  building  of  mills.     I 
pray  you  to  have  tl._  goodness  to  give  every  assistance  in 
your  power,  so  that  we  can  have  this  as  soon  as  possible. 
There  have  been,  they  say,  two  Frenchman  killed  near 
•   St.  Joseph  while  coming  from  Detroit,  and  by  the  Potta- 
watamies.     Also  Mr.  Chartranc  had  a  finger  cut  off  by  the 
Renards.     Four  traders  have  abondoned  their  house,  and 
all  their  effects  in  the  country  along  the  river  of  the  Illinois. 
By  the  report  of   Boison  which  they  have  had  at  St. 
Louis  during  the  winter,  both  the  Pottawatomies  and  the 
Renards  say  that  they  wish  St.  Joseph  ravaged  and  de- 
stroyed.    There  is   nothing  but  war  on  every  side.     Do 
yime  the  honor  to  give  me  the  news  which  you  have  Sir, 
;■  with  all  the  respect  and  esteem  possible,  your  very  humble 
-%  and  very  obedient  servant.  RICHARD  McCARTY.f 

Kahos,  6  fevr.,  1777. 

[Endorsed:]  Letter  from  Richard  McCarty  to  M.  Roche- 
blavc,  dated  Kahos,  6  Fevr.,  1777. 

*  A  nickname  for  Ste.  Genevieve,  Missouri. 

•     t  Richard  McCarty— see  note,  page  167,  su/>rn — wrote  from  St.  Ursule  at 

,  4the  Illinois,  which  seems  to  have  been  another  name  for  Cahokia,  on  June  7, 

■   1778,  to  a  correspondent  at  Mackinac,  sending  the  latest  information  to  Maj. 


''li 


■inrs,' 


M 


256 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


I  ! 


Petition  to  Carleton  concerning  Rocheblave. 

From  "Canadian  Archives,"  Haldimand  Papers,  Series  B.,  Vol.  185,  i,  p.  2. 

Illinois,  ssf.     To  His  Excellency  General  Carlton,  Gover- 
nor of  the  Province  at  Canada,  etc.,  etc.,  etc.,  residing 
at  C)uebec. 
The  petition  of  Daniel. Murray*  Agent  for  the  contrac- 
tors, Patrick  Kennedyf  and  Thomas  Bentley,  all  of  the 

de  Peyster  and  expressing  the  pious  hope  that  God  would  soon  send  the 
wished-for  news  of  a  union  with  England  and  her  colonies.  15ut  in  April  of 
the  following  year,  he  wrote  to  his  wife  at  Montreal  that  he  had  become  a 
captain  in  the  Illinois  battalion  and  aide-de-camp  of  the  commander-in-chief 
of  the  department  of  the  West.  And  on  July  12,  1781,  Maj.  de  Peyster,  then 
British  commandant  at  Detroit,  wmte  to  Gen.  Powell  that  the  Wea  Indians 
had  entered  heartily  into  their  cause,  and  had  lately  attacked  a  party  of  rebels 
and  Indians,  under  Capt.  Richard  McCarty,  near  the  Wabash,  and  had  killed 
McCarty  with  some  of  his  people.  Maj.  de  Peyster  added  that  he  had  all  of 
McCarty's  papers,  but  they  gave  no  information  other  than  that  McCarty  and 
all  the  inhabitants  of  the  Illinois  were  heartily  tired  of  the  Virginians. — 
McCarty  to  Askin,  McCarty  to  Mrs.  McCarty,  Maj.  de  Peyster  to  Powell; 
""  Canadian  Archives. " — E.  c;.  M. 

*  Daniel  Murray  and  his  brother  William,  of  London,  England,  were 
•traders  residing  in  the  Illinois  country  before  the  Revolution.  Wm.  Murray 
negotiated,  in  1773  and  1775,  extensive  purchases  of  lands  from  the  Indians 
iipon  which  were  based  the  persistent  claims  of  the  Illinois  and  Wabash 
companies  to  a  large  [art  of  the  present  states  of  Illinois  and  Indiana,  finally 
rejected  by  congress  in  the  early  part  of  the  present  century.  Wm.  Murray 
was  a  member  of  both  companies,  and  Daniel  of  the  Wabash  company;  and 
the  contractors,  for  whom  he  was  agent,  were  tliose  contracting  with  the  British 
government  to  furnish  provisions  to  tlie  Western  posts.  Wm,  Murray  left 
the  Illinois  in  1776,  and  Daniel  remained  in  charge  of  his  brother's  affairs. 
When  Clark  arrived,  Daniel  Murray  took  service  under  him  as  quartermaster 
and  commissary,  and  supplied  large  f]uantities  of  provisions  and  merchandise 
to  Clark  and  to  Montgomery.  When  the  Virginia  troops  were  withdrawn . 
Murray  was  obliged  to  leave  the  country,  descended  the  Mississippi  to 
New  Orleans,  and  was  captured  by  the  British  on  his  sea  voyage  to  Virginia 
and  taken  to  Xew  York  as  a  prisoner.  In  December,  1781,  he  addressed  a 
memorial  to  the  Virginia  delegates  in  congress  at  Philadelphia,  praying  them 
to  save  him  and  his  brother  from  ruin  by  prevailing  on  their  State  to  pay  the 
bills  of  exchange  drawn  in  their  favor  by  Col.  Montgomery  for  supplies  fur- 
nished.— i:,  r..  .\f. 

t  Patrick  Kennedy  was  a  trader  doing  business  at  Kaskaskia  under  British 


— — >»" .»   I   >ii  <i  \\m,  I 


-^^r— 


.# 


^JM*^*_- 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE   PAPERS. 


257 


ave. 

85,  I,  p.  2. 

1,  Gover- 
,  residing 

contrac- 
ill  of  the 

lon  send  the 
It  in  April  of 
ad  become  a 
inder-in-chief 
Peyster,  then 
Wea  Indians 
arty  of  rebels 
,nd  had  killed 
he  had  all  of 
McCarty  and 
Virginians. — 
er  to  Powell; 

^.ngland,   were 

Wm.  Murray 
im  the  Indians 
i  and  Wabash 
ndiana,  finally 

Wm.  Murray 
company;  and 
,vith  the  British 
m,  Murray  left 
rother's  affairs. 
s  quartermaster 
id  merchandise 
ere  withdrawn . 

Mississippi  to 
age  to  Virginia 

he  addressed  a 
L,  praying  them 
State  to  pay  the 
or  supplies  fur- 

ia  under  British 


Village  of    Kaskaskias  in  the   County  of   the  aforesaid 
Merchants,  humbly  showeth, 

That  since  Captain   Hugh  Lord's  departure  from  this 
country  and  Mr.  Dc  Rocheblave's  being  vested  with  the 
Government,  We  your  humble  petitioners  and  His  Maj- 
esty's most  faithful  subjects,  find  to  our  most  bitter  grief 
our  liberties  trampled  upon  &  common  justice  in  almost 
all  cases  refused  to  us,  that  on  our  presuming  to  remon- 
strate against  such  injustice  the  said  Mr.  De  Rocheblave 
I    will  not  listen  to  us,  informing  us  that  such  are  the  laws 
r|  of   France   which   he   orders   us  to  follow   telling  us   he 
■    knows  no  other,  refusing    the  English    laws  proclaimed 
p   here  by  Colonel  John  Wilkins  and  hitherto  followed  by 
/    his  successors  to  the  command,  that  we  being  the  only 
%  English  merchants  or  inhabitants  in  this  place  we  take 
the  liberty  to  represent  to  you  our  unhappy  situation, 
■;;  and  lay  our  grievances  before  you,  hoping  from  you  a 
speedy  and  immediate  Redresse  for  without  such  'twill 
I  be  impossible  for  an  Englishman  to  remain  in  this  Coun- 
try  as  the  said  Mr.  De  Rocheblave  is  daily  imposing  upon 
us  by  refusing  the  appointment  of  our  suits  &  denying 
^Uis  the  justice  which  by  Law  &  Equity  we  have  a  right  to 
'^demand  at  his  hands  both  for  the  security  of  our  property 
"|as  well  as  our  persons,  neither  of  which  we  look  upon  to 
^be  safe  under  his  Government,  as  Englishmen  &  English 


'•# 


^Laws  to  our  great  mortification  are  despised  by  the  pub- 


^,;.|lic   in   general   &  appear  to  be  so   by  the  said   Mr.   Dc 

.i-iirule,  and  at  one  time  was  in  partnership  there  witli  Richard  Winston.     In 

1^^-July,   1773,  he  undertook  an  expedition  with  several  coitreurs  de  bois  from 

'    Ka^sk^skia  to  the  headwaters  of  the  Illinois  River  in  search  of  a  copper  mine. 

:  j^JHe  explored  the  stream  to  an  island,  about  fifteen  miles  below  the  juncture  of 

ll^he  Kankakee,  finding  coal-mines  and  salt-ponds  but  no  trace  of  the  metal 

Jffipe  sought  for.      His  journal  of  this  trip  gives  an  interesting  account,  and  one 

"  X>f  the  earli(;st  in  print  of  the  country  he  passed  through.     He  was  one  of  the 

elaimants  under  acts  of  congress  giving  four  hundred  acres  of   larJ  in  the 

^district  of  Kaskaskia  to  heads  of  families  who  had  cultivated  land  in  Illinois 

r|>rior  to  and  including  the  year  1788. — E.  g.  m. 


iSV 


^a 


^ 


I  / 


258 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


Rocheblave  in  particular.  That  with  such  inhabitants  as 
we  happen  to  have  any  controversy  respecting  accounts 
or  Demands  unavoidable  in  business  he  acts  in  the  first 
place  as  council  for  such  against  us  and  afterwards  as  a 
judge — He  one  day  decides  a  matter  in  our  favor  and 
immediately  issues  out  a  sentence  in  favor  of  the  oppo- 
site party — That  contrary  to  our  wise  constitution  and  to 
the  great  detriment  of  the  merchant,  he  acts  in  the  capac- 
ity of  a  trader,  buying  and  selling  goods  both  wholesale 
and  retail  and  has  been  known  to  make  proposals  for  the 
purchasing  of  a  cargo  (last  summer)  to  a  very  consider- 
able amount,  which  he  would  have  effected  had  his  Credit 
been  equivalent  thereto. 

Public  advertisements  with  respect  to  property  he 
orders  in  a  most  arbritary  manner  to  be  torn  down  which 
he  has  been  known  to  do  twice  in  one  day.  Protest  and 
appeal  from  his  sentence  he  pays  no  regard  to,  seizing 
notwithstanding  of  such  for  the  payment  agreeable  to 
his  sentence  refusing  undeniable  security. 

He  forbid  the  trading  of  liquor  to  savages  under  the 
severe  Penalty  of  two  thousand  dollars  and  those  very 
savages  notwithstanding  such  orders  being  constantly 
drunk  when  in  the  village,  upon  an  enquiry  made  accused 
him  even  to  his  face  of  being  the  person  that  intoxicated 
them  with  Rum  or  Taffia  which  they  said  he  barter'd  to 
them  for  Beaver,  Otters,  etc. 

Such  is  his  partiality  in  favor  of  the  French  that  upon 
approach  of  savages  coming  to  war  against  their  enemies 
last  spring  he  sent  out  a  party  of  men  under  French 
colours  to  know  the  design  of  their  coming.  That  such 
partiality  is  not  to  be  woudered  at  when  we  consider  that 
the  said  Mr.  De  Rocheblave  on  this  country  being  taken 
possession  of  by  the  English  abandoned  his  property  hero 
and  preferred  the  Spanish  government  to  ours  taking  the 
oath  of  allegiance  thereto. 


M 


>'>m«}  uniM 


t 


f.^j»aw«Ej«-^j«-*'  ■ 


)itants  as 
accounts 
the  first 
ards  as  a 
avor  and 
he  oppo- 
Dn  and  to 
he  capac- 
wholesale 
lis  for  the 
consider- 
his  Credit 

)perty  he 
wn  which 
otest  and 
to,  seizing 
-eeable  to 

under  the 
hose  very 
constantly 
de  accused 
ntoxicated 
jarter'd  to 

that  upon 
;ir  enemies 
ler  French 

That  such 
•nsider  that 
eing  taken 
operty  here 
i  taking  the 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE    PAPERS. 


259 


That  'tis  not  within  the  cognizance  of  any  person  in 
the  country  so  far  as  we  can  learn  that  the  said  Mr.  De 
Rocheblave  has  ever  been  qualified  by  taking  the  oath  of 
allegiance  and  supremacy  r  ^viously  necessary  towards 
the  holding  of  such  an  office. 

That  abstracted  from  all  manner  of  prejudice  whatever, 
we  do  not  look  upon  the  said  Mr.  De  Rocheblave  from 
his  behaviour  at  all  times  and  partiality  against  us  on  all 
occasions   to  be   by  any  means   an   Englishman's  friend 
having  endeavoured  to  throw  aspersions  upon  the  char- 
acter of  some  of   us  without    the  least  foundation  (and 
merely  thereby  intending  to  veil  his  own  iniquitous  prac- 
tices)  openly  countenancing   known  Villians   against  us 
and  even  encouraging  the  savages  to  rob  our  boats,  whose 
'-^l  sole  motive  was  trading  amongst  them  in   their  winter 
.    grounds.    That  Mr.  Murray,  one  of  your  humble  petition- 
^  crs,  acting  here  as  agent  for  the  contractors  applied  to  Mr. 
De  Rocheblave  to  oblige  Mr.  Viviat  a  merchant  in  this 
place  (who  had  obtained  a  certificate  from  Captain  Lord) 
in  the  said  Murray's  name  on  his  the  said  Captain  Lord's 
A  leaving  this  implying  that  he  had  already  bought  provi- 
.'5  sions  sufficient  for  the  subsistence  of  two  companies  of 
'  soldiers  twelve  months,  to  lodge  the  same  according  to 
•',;the  said  certificate  which  he  hitherto  has  refused  to  do 
,?and    notwithstanding   it  was    farther  enforced  in  conse- 
ilquence  of  a  Lieutenant  governor's  coming  to  Post  Vin- 
Pcennes  who  might  have  occasion  for  the  same  yet  the 
"same  application  was  of  no  effect. 

']     We  humbly  hope  that  your  Excellency  will    be  kind 

enough  to  compassionate  our  situation  and  grant  us  such 

•redress  and  that  in  the  most  speedy  manner  possible  as 

/iBritish  subjects  have  a  right  to  expect  at  the  hands  of  an 

'English  governor  and  your  petitioners  as  in  duty  bound 

'  fwill  ever  pray.  T.  Bentley.* 

■'     Dated  at  Kaskaskias,  lOth  April,  1777. 

*  Thomas  Bentley  was  a  London  merchant  having  trading-stations  in  West 


260 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


I      I 


Declaration  of  Gabriel  Cerre'. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Series  II,  Vol.  14,  p.  59. 

The  year  1777,  the  29th  of  April,  at  five  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  there  appeared  before  us,  Commandant  at  the 
Illinois,  the  undersigned,  in  the  audience  room  of  this  fort, 
Sr.  Gabriel  Cerre,  a  merchant  of  tb'j  country  whom  we 
had  summoned,  for  the  purpose  of  declaring  to  us  in  legal 
form  what  he  had  learned,  yesterday  evening  upon  his 
arrival.  And  after  having  received  from  Sr.  Carbonau^ 
clerk,  and  from  Sieur  Maisonville,  a  merchant  of  Detroit,^ 
both  here  present,  the  oath  to  hold  and  keep  secret  what 
in  the  declaration  we  are  about  to  receive,  presently  from 
the  before  mentioned  Sr.  Gabriel  Cerre,  who  after  legally 
taking  the  oath  to  tell  us  the  truth  as  well  as  to  keep 

Florida  and  the  Illinois  country.     He  seems  to  have  been  the  only  one  of  the 
parties  to  this  petition  who  dared  to  sign  it,  and  Rocheblave's  vengeance  soon 
fell  upon  him.      In  May,   1777,  Bentley  left  Kaskaskia  with  Rocheblave's 
passport  on  a  bussiness-trip  to  Canada.     At  Mackinac,  in  July  of  the  same 
year,  he  was  arrested  by  Major  de  Peyster  by  order  of  Lieut. -Gov.  Hamilton, 
upon  the  accusation  of  Rocheblave,  that  Bentley  had  given  aid  to  the  rebels 
the  year  before.     He  was  sent  to  Detroit  and  thence  to  Montreal,  where  he 
remained  a  prisoner  without  a  hearing  for  more  than  two  years,  in  spite  of  his 
frequent  protestations  of  innocence,  demands  for  a  trial,  and  the  intercession 
of  powerful  friends  in  Liigland.     During  this  period  his  property  in  the  West 
and  South  was  practically  confiscated.     At  length,   in  November,  1779,  he 
made  his  escape  and  crossed  the  frontier  by  the  help  of  an  Indian  guide,  ami 
found  his  way  to  Virginia.     Here  he  played  the  role  of  a  martyr  for  the  colo- 
nial cause,  and  at  Williamsburg  called  on  Lieut. -Gov.   Hamilton,  who  had 
imprisoned  him  and  was  now  himself  a  prisoner,  and  offered  his  service-. 
The  following  year  Bentley  was  at  Post  V'incennes  and  wrote  thence  to  Major 
de  Peyster  and  to  General  Haldimand,  asserting  his  loyalty  to  Great  liritain, 
suggesting  methods  for  the  reconquest  of  the  Illinois  and  giving  information 
concerning  the  plans  of  Col.  La  Balme.     Yet  in  1781,  he  appeared  at  Rich- 
mond, Virginia,  and  presented  a  claim  for  compensation,  because  he  had  sac- 
rificed his  fortunes  to  support  the  credit  of  that  state  in  the  Illinois  country. 
His  letters  to  the  British  and  to  the  American  authorities  preserved  in  the 
Canadian  and  Virginian  archives,  and  but  recently  brought  to  light,  are  curi- 
ously inconsistent,  and  show  quite  clearly  that  he  deserved  his  ill-fortune. 
Still  he  managed  to  persuade  George  Rogers  Clark  that  he  was  a  faithful 
friend  of  liberty,  and  later  established  a  claim  to  land  at  Kaskaskia  as  a  luyai 
citizen  of  Virginia. — E.  c.  m. 


H 

ci 
ol 


iHS 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— ROCHEBLAVE   PAPERS. 


261 


p.  59- 

ck  in  the 
nt  at  the 

this  fort, 
whom  we 
us  in  legal 

upon  his 
Carbonau, 
)f  Detroit, 
ecret  what 
lently  from 
'ter  legally 
as  to  keep 

)nly  one  of  the 
vengeance  soon 
li  Rocheblave's 
ily  of  the  same 
3ov.  Hamilton, 
,id  to  the  rebels 
itreal,  where  he 
3,  in  spite  of  his 

the  intercession 
erty  in  the  West 
ember,  177"^.  '^'-" 
idian  guide,  antl 
rtyr  for  the  colo- 
iiilton,  who  had 
red  his  service-. 
;  thence  to  Major 
to  Great  Britain, 
iving  information 
ppeared  at  Kicli- 
:cause  he  had  sac- 
e  Illinois  country. 

preserved  in  the 

to  light,  are  curl- 
ed his  ill-fortune. 

he  was  a  failhfu! 
askaskia  as  a  loyai 


secret  that  which  he  is  about  to  impart  to  us,  has  declared 
and  spoken  that  which  now  follows: 

That  having  been  among  the  peorias  on  the  River  of 
the  Illinois  the  above  named  stated  that  last  winter,  hav- 
ing been  wintering  with  the  Kickapoos  and  Mascoutens  at 
a  place  called  the  bad  land,  there  arrived  there  two  sav- 
ages, Kickapoos,  and  that  these  went  to  a  person  called 
"fair  weather"  likewise  chief  of   the  said    savages  of  the 
Village  of  the  Raven  on  the  River  of  the  Illinois,  to  en- 
gage him  to  send  hither  those  young  men  in  response  to 
:    my  invitation.     To  which  messengers  the  before  mentioned 
g  "fair  weather"  replied  that  he  would  not  stir,  that  he  had 
t  been  the  winter  before  at  St.  Louis  to  the  Spaniards   to 
drink  there  and   see  his   father,  the   Spaniard,  who  had 
before  promised  him  a  medal,  a  chief's  coat,  a  hat,  etc., 
that  the  commandant  showed  him  all  these  articles,  but 
•  told  him  he  would   not  give  them  to  him,  until  the  com- 
.  mander  sent  word,  that  he  thought  the  time  of  the  arrival 
|of  the  message  from  the  sea  would  be  about  the  time  of 
grass,   adding  that  he  would   not  tell   him   the  contents 
'because  it  was  yet  a  secret  known  only  to  him;  that  the 
-inhabitants  of  St,  Louis  (?)  were  ignorant  of   it,  but  that 
ias  soon  as  their  father  had  awakened  from  his  sleepiness 
he  would   make  known   to  them,  and   would   be   prompt 
with   his  word,   and  would  give  him   then   what  he  had 
promised,  advising  them  not  to  mix  themselves  with  the 
troubles  of  the  bostonians  with  the  english.    The  Sr.  Cerre 
told  us  that  he  knew  nothing  more,  that  the  declaration 
contained  the  truth,  and  he  had  nothing  to  change,  add, 
or  take  away,  and  signed  with  us  and  our  clerk  and  the 
Sieur  Maisonvil. 

Done  in  duplicate  at  Fort  Gage  the  year  and  day  above 
written.  Signed,  Cerre,  Maisonville,  Rocheblave,  Com- 
mandant, and  Carbonneau,  Clerk. 

[Endorsed:]  In  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  (No.  32)  of  nth 
August,  1777. 


[4 


«A 


262 


KARLY   ILLINOIS. 


' 


!| 


",     ■ 


Rocheblave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Hamilton. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Series  (),  \'oI,  14,  p,  56, 

Signed,  RociiLBLAVE,  Fort  Gagk,  the  8tli  of  May,  1777. 

I  bc_t:j  Mr.  Abbott  to  come  hither  where  his  presence 
will  dispose  of  many  things,  and  where  he  can  give  orders 
for  the  common  safety  of  the  two  departments.  If  he 
comes  here,  I  shall  try  to  induce  him  to  take  charge  of 
everything  as  did  Mr.  Lord.  His  presence  is  more  neces- 
sary here  than  at  St.  Vincent.  If  I  succeed,  and  if  I  can 
be  of  assistance  to  him,  I  will  willingly  remain  with  him, 
if  not,  I  shall  see  if  I  can  be  of  use  elsewhere. 

I  was  in  command  formerly  in  these  parts  for  three 
years;  and  had  not  during  that  time  to  decide  more  than 
one  process  a  week.  At  present  with  fifty  men  in  all,  I 
have  during  this  term  put  three  or  four  persons  in  prison, 
and  that  was  as  little  as  I  could  do.  At  present  one  is 
obliged  every  day  to  imprison  young  men  who  demand 
that  if  the  English  law  is  favorable  to  them  it  should  be 
followed;  on  another  occasion  the  same  people  will  the 
very  next  day  demand  the  old  French  laws  which  have 
always  been  followed.  If  I  were  not  a  little  crazed 
already,  I  believe  they  would  cause  me  to  become  entirely 
so.  If  S.  C.  should  judge  it  proper  to  employ  me  on  the 
River  of  the  Illinois  wherf:  there  are  only  a  few  Canadians 
who  do  not  litigate  because  they  own  nothing,  this  river 
would  need  some  one  t ,j  watch  the  savages  who  so  far  will 
not  permit  the  native  English  to  penetrate  there,  which  is 
an  injury  to  commerce.  I  think  no  one  can  be  envious  of 
my  lot,  and  besides  I  myself  am  become  a  savage  from 
constant  association  with  them.  I  forgot  to  call  your 
attention  to  the  fact  that  as  soon  as  I  learned  of  the  death 
of  Bartalon,  I  gave  letters  of  administration  as  successor 
to  Mr.  Cerre,  an  honest  merchant,  in  order  that  having 
liquidated  here  the  said  succession,  he  could  take  the  total 


:1^^ 


Pi 
lol 


■'■   r:^: 


W»l.i.i.»H»MMHHI|ll.l|.- 


KRITISH   ILLINOIS — RQCIIEULAVE    TAPERS. 


263 


p.  56. 

lay,  1777- 
presence 
ive  orders 
ts.  If  he 
charge  of 
ore  neces- 
d  if  I  can 
with  him, 

for  three 
more  than 
n  in  all,  I 
J  in  prison, 
ient  one  is 
lo  demand 

should  be 
le  will  the 
A'hich  have 
ttle   crazed 
me  entirely 
T  me  on  the 
r  Canadians 
r,  this  river 
3  so  far  will 
:re,  which  is 
e  envious  of 
lavage  from 
o  call  your 
)f  the  death 
as  successor 
that  having 
ike  the  total 


amount  to  Michilimackinac,  or  to  Montreal  according  to 
circunistances.  The  greater  part  of  the  proceeds  were 
under  way,  when  I  had  the  honor  of  receiving  your  letter. 
He  had  accompanied  it  himself  well  in  advance  to  the 
Illinois  River  fearing  the  savages  who  have  killed  two  men 
there.  He  has  returned,  and  is  about  to  remove  the  rest. 
I  have  ordered  him  to  deliver  it  all  to  Mr.  De  Peyster  to 
whom  advices  will  be  given.  Mr.  La  Mothe  can  make 
ajDplication  for  it  to  him.  What  I  can  not  do  in  a  large 
way,  I  will  do  in  a  small  way  for  the  remainder  of  this 
succession,  your  wishes  being  commands  for  me. 

To  day,  the  eleventh,  my  letter  not  having  gone  on 
[account  of  the  raising  of  the  waters  and  the  continual 
rain,  I  have  opened  it  to  say  that  the  same  propositions 
have  been  made  to  the  Saukies  and  the  Foxes  on  their 
[return  from  war  here  upon  the  Illinois  as  to  the  Kickapoos. 
'This  afternoon  those  sent  out  in  advance  of  the  convoy 
[have  seen  nothing.  We  have  news  that  it  had  not  been 
Ijseen  as  far  as  eight  days  travel  and  more  than  sixty 
leagues  from  here.     This  causes  us  anxiety. 

[Endorsed:]     Copy  of  a  letter  from   Monsieur  Roche- 
)lave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Hamilton. 

In  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  (No.  32)  of  nth  August,  1777. 


■"? 


Rocheblave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Abbott.  (?) 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Series  Q,  Vol.  14,  p.  64. 

^igned,  RoCHEBLAVE.   FORT  Gage,  the  first  of  June,  1777. 

t     Sir: — The  boats  have  at  last  arrived  from  New  Orleans 

f'here  they  were  delayed  by  the  loss  of  the  powder  taken 
way  from  the  colonists  to  the  amount  of  eleven  thousand 
pounds.     Thus  has  been  reduced  this  much  vaunted  arma- 
ment.    It  is  true  that  the  old  governor. according  to  report 
loaded  a  boat  intended  for  the  colonists,     But  the  ships  of 
ii^-34-3 


it 


r" 


^wm* 


i\ 


I  ] 


II- 


^    'A 

I  I' 


!    I 


264 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


his  majesty  got  possession  of  it.     All  appearances  are  for 
a  foreign  war  in  the  near  future. 

I  have  here  a  party  of  Delawares,  and  a  collection  of 
Kickapoos,  Mascoutens  and  Pottawatomies  from  the  River 
of  the  Illinois.  As  these  three  last  named  nations  always 
make  war  upon  the  subjects  of  Great  Britain  (the  Span- 
iards laving  persuaded  them  so  to  do)  and  it  being  neces- 
sary to  reassure  you  as  regards  that  quarter,  I  have  con- 
trived to  draw  them  hither  and  after  some  difficulty,  all 
has  been  well  arranged.  The  war  chief  of  the  first  men- 
tioned will  go  to  see  you.  This  tribe  appears  to  me  to  be 
attached  to  our  interests.  They  promise  to  prevent  the 
passage  of  the  colonists  in  case  of  anv  attempt  on  their 
part  upon  the  territory.  The  cannons  you  ask  for  will 
leave  to  morrow.  If  I  can  be  of  use  to  you,  you  can 
always  rely  upon  me.  I  have  always  the  honor  of  insist- 
ing upon  the  advantage  of  your  presence  here,  for  you 
would  then  know  better  your  weakness  and  your  resources. 

Had  circumstances  permitted  I  should  already  have 
paid  you  a  visit.  They  are  expecting  in  the  town  sixty 
merchant  boats.  The  French  half  pay  officers  who  have 
remained  here  should  be  replaced,  being  in  a  battalion 
from  which  the  Spaniards  are  seeking  to  recruit  their 
garrison.  If  the  Delawares  wish  to  be  of  use  to  you,  they 
and  the  Kickapoos  are  the  most  desirable. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  the  highest  consideration, 
Sir,  etc. 

[Endorsed:]  In  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  (No.  32)  of  nth 
August,  1777. 


Rocheblave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Abbott. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Series  Q,  Vol.  14,  page  69. 

Sir: — Yesterday. evening   there  arrived  a  cargo   from 
New  Orleans,  the  pyvi>er.s  of  which  report  that  the  Span- 


C  I  I    t    \   t 


r     I 


«  «  « »  : 
r '  »  *  I  • 

•sit  ft 


BRITISH   ILLlNc^lS — ROCHIiBLAVE   PAPERS. 


265 


:es  are  for 

)llection  of 
1  the  River 
ons  always 
(the  Span- 

ing  neces- 

have  con- 
fficulty,  all 

first  men- 
to  me  to  be 
prevent  the 
pt  on  their 
ask  for  will 
Du,  you  can 
or  of  insist- 
^re,  for  you 
ar  resources. 
Iready  have 
:  town  sixty 
rs  who  have 

a  battalion 
recruit   their 

to  you,  they 

lonsideration, 
32)  of  II th 


ott. 

14,  page  69. 

I  cargo   from 
iat  the  Span- 


iards have  taken  possession  of  twenty-two  English  ships 
in  this  river,  that  these  had  made  an  attack  upon  them  at 
sea.  They  have  afiBrmed  this  so  strongly  and  in  such 
detail  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  its  truth.  Thus  from 
I  whatever  cause  it  may  have  arisen,  reprisals  or  otherwise, 
i  hostilities  have  begun,  and  it  remains  only  to  decide  how 
we  shall  come  through  with  it.  Shall  we  make  the  first 
move,  or  shall  we  permit  it  to  be  made.  In  the  first  case 
the  advantage  will  be  for  us,  in  the  second  it  will  be  for 
^our  neighbors.  If  we  should  get  the  stait  of  them,  we 
-'Should  not  see  them  again  very  soon;  if  they  should  get 
^nhe  start  of  us,  they  would  stir  up  much  work  for  us  even 
|to  the  very  gates  of  Canada. 

%     If  you  wish  us  to  anticipate  them,  you  would  do  well 
|to  send  about  thirty  young  men  here,  and  inform  me  in 
|advance  of  their  coming.     I  beg  you  to  pay  thirty  piastres 
'^o  the  express.     I  am  in  too  much  haste  to  write  more  at 
&)resent.  I  have  the  honor,  &c., 

:|  Signed  ROCIIEBLAVE. 

J    Fort  Gage,  the  First  July,  1777. 

[Endorsed:]     Copy  of  a  letter   from   Mr.   Rocheblave, 
^^ommandant,   by  appointment  of   Sir   Guy  Carleton,   at 
ort  Gage,  to  Lt.-Gov.  Abbot,  dated  Fort  Gage,  first  of 
uly,  1777. 
In  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  (No.  33)  of  13th  Aug.,  1777  (2). 


Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Lord  George  Germaine. 

From  "Canadian  Archives,"  Series  Q,  Vol.  14,  p.  66. 

10.  33.)  Quebec,  the  13th  August,  1777. 

Afy  Lord: — I  have  just  received  a  letter  from  Lieuten- 
it   Governor  Abbott  enclosing    Intelligence  which    he 
iceived  from  Monsieur  Rocheblave  and  which,  together 
llith  Mr.  Abbott's  letter  I  transmit  to  your  Lordship. 


Mi 
■mmj 


I 


!!■ 


i! 


1 

1 

} 

1 

'i 

I 

i    , 

,    1 

i 

'     •' 

i 

) 

J 

266 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


Mr.  Rocheblave  is  a  Canadian  gentleman,  formerly  in 
the  French  Service,  whom  I  have  employed  to  have  an 
eye  on  the  proceedings  of  the  Spaniards,  and  the  man- 
agement of  the  Indians  on  that  side.  His  abilities  and 
knowledge  of  that  part  of  the  country  recommended 
him  to  me  as  a  fit  person;  and  I  thought  such  a  one  nec- 
essary, since  the  Post  which  had  been  held  upon  the 
Mississippi  has  been  withdrawn. 

I  likewise  enclose  you  two  letters  I  have  received  by 
the  same  conveyance  from  Lieutenant  Governor  Hamil- 
ton, from  whom  I  have  received  at  the  same  time  a  very 
voluminous  packet;  as  it  contained  nothing  very  material 
and  he  is  in  direct  correspondence  with  your  Lordship,  1 
do  not  think  it  advisible  to  detain  the  Boat  Captain  Pear- 
son sends  in  hopes  of  overtaking  the  ship  which  sailed 
yesterday  with  another  dispatch  from  me.  I  am,  with  all 
respect  My  Lord  your  Lordships  most  obedient  humble 
servt.  Guy  Carleton. 

Lord  Georc;e  Ger Maine. 

[Endorsed:]     Quebec,  13th  August,  1777. 

Sir  Guv  Carleton.  (No.  33.)  (2  Inclosure>.) 


Rocheblave  to  Lord  George  Germaine. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Series  Q,  Vol.  15,  page  193. 

Aly  Lord: — It  is  nearly  two  years  since  the  troubles 
which  agitate  disastrously  North  America  obliged  his 
Plxcellency,  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  to  request  Captain  Hugh 
Lord,  who  commanded  at  the  Illinois,  to  leave  there  with 
his  garrison  in  order  to  be  nearer  the  center  and  to  aid  i". 
gathering  together  all  his  forces,  which  as  a  skillful  leader 
he  considered  to  be  too  distant.  Mr.  Lord  had  orders  to 
leave  the  administration  of  affairs  to  such  person  as  he 
judged  proper. 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE   TAPERS. 


267 


ormerly  in 
o  have  an 

the  man- 

)ilities  and 

ommended 

a  one  nec- 

upon   the 

eceived  by 
nor  Hamil- 
time  a  very 
;ry  material 
Lordship,  1 
iptain  Pear- 
vhich  sailed 
am,  with  all 
ient  humble 

ARLETON. 


>  InclosLires.) 


laine. 

15,  page  193- 

the  troubles 

obUged    his 

laptain  Huc>li 

ive  there  with 

and  to  aid  i:; 

skillful  leader 

had  orders  to 

person  as  be 


m 


I  If  there  could  have  been  found  a  more  zealous  ofificer 
I  who  had  given  many  proofs  of  his  capability  and  of  his 
^  patriotism,  in  all  probability  he  would  have  been  given  the 
I  preference.  The  commands  which  he  left  me  in  appoint- 
I  ing  me  judge  and  commander  in  a  vast  country  were  in 
§  efifect  to  continue  to  bestow  upon  the  savages  in  these 
"i  trying  circumstances  the  presents  ordinarily  given  in  order 
I  to  avoid  alienating  them. 

I  have  felt,  my  Lord,  how  important  it  was,  during  the 
crisis  which  has  forced  the  mother  country  to  the  most 
'4  strenuous  efforts,  to  carry  the  greatest  moderation  into 
^J  every  expenditure.  Mine  has  always  savored  more  of  the 
•  niggardliness  of  a  private  individual  than  what  should 
ihave  been  expected  from  a  great  power  such  as  Great 
''  Britain. 

It  has  been  necessary  for  me  to  break  up  the  designs 

and  evil  intentions  of  our  neighbors,  the  Spaniards,  and  to 

, dissipate  the  injurious  impression  they  have  sought  to  give 

^ithe  savages  against  the  present  government,  in  seeking  to 

..renew  the  small  degree  of  inclination  they  have  had  for 

the  old,  and  to  give  from  time  to  time  something  to  the 

vast  tribes  who  inhabit  our  boundless  forests. 

I' 

,fe  I  do  not  know,  my  Lord,  what  terms  to  make  use  of  in 
^having  the  honor  of  expressing  to  you  the  greatness  of 
tny  surprise  at  learning  that  my  expenditure  for  thirteen 
fnonths  which  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  twelve  hundred 
,  'Kvres  sterling  has  not  been  ctllowed.  His  excellency,  Mr. 
itarleton,  in  a  letter  of  May  last  has  checked  me  in  every 
jfivay.  Having  received  his  letter  and  proving  to  him  in 
^|uly  the  absolute  necessity  of  continuing  my  work,  I  have 
said  that  I  would  suspend  matters  out  of  respect  to  his 
orders,  but  am  continuing  in  my  own  name,  subject  to  the 
condition  of  receiving  a  prompt  reply.  Thus  far  I  am 
Still  waiting.  It  is  by  management  of  this  kind  my  Lord, 
that  Mr.  Abbott,  lieutenant  governor  at  St.  Vincennes,  sees 


;t  r 


^1* 


t 


268 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


himself  today  forced  to  abandon  his  government,  to  avoid 
being  a  victim  of  too  precipitate  a  plan  of  action;  and 
that  he  runs  the  risk  of  having  the  doors  shut  upon  him 
for  a  long  time  to  come  by  the  Indians  who  have  been 
tampered  with  by  our  neighbors.  Through  him  I  am 
deprived  of  needed  aid.  In  vain  should  any  one  continue 
to  decry  a  country  which  if  better  known  would  be  per- 
haps one  of  the  richest  colonies  which  his  Majesty  pos- 
seses.  The  efforts  made  by  our  jealous  neighbors  to  expel 
us  confirm  this  assertion.  The  fear  of  wearying  you  my 
Lord  prevents  me  from  writing  at  greater  length,  and  I 
close  by  imploring  you  to  redress  my  wrongs,  and  to  take 
into  consideration  the  state  of  this  country,  and  to  per- 
mit me  to  assure  you  of  the  respectful  consideration  with 
which  I  have  the  honor  to  be  my  Lord,  your  very  humble 
and  very  obedient  servant.  ROCHEBLAVE. 

Fort  Gage  of  Illinois,  the  22nd  of  January,  1778. 

[Endorsed:]  At  Fort  Gage  of  Illinois,  Jan.  22nd,  1778, 
M.  Rocheblave. 


Inhabitants  of  Peoria  to  Rocheblave. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives." 

Sir: — We  the  undersigned  have  the  honor  to  assure 
you  of  our  most  humble  respect  and  submission.  All 
present  have  been  witness  to  the  arrival  of  your  letter 
addressed  to  F.  Maillet  and  of  your  word  to  be  carried  by 
him  to  the  Mascoutin  Chiefs.  We  certify  that  the  said 
Maillet  has  shown  great  zealousncss  in  this  matter.  Find- 
ing some  difficulties  and  some  coolness  on  the  part  of  the 
savages,  owing  to  the  persuasion  of  the  Spanish  comman- 
der at  St.  Louis  this  Spring,  he  felt  obliged  to  add  to  your 
word  some  further  inducement  in  order  to  conquer  their 
prejudices  and  objections  which  they  brought  forward, 
and  has  joined  to  this  pressing  reasons  and  urgent  solici- 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— ROCHEBLAVE   TAPERS. 


269 


t,  to  avoid 
ction;  and 
upon  him 
have  been 
him   I  am 
le  continue 
Id  be  per- 
ajesty  pos- 
)rs  to  expel 
g  you  my 
ngth,  and  I 
ind  to  take 
and  to  per- 
oration with 
^ery  humble 

:IIEBLAVE. 

y^.  1778- 

22nd,  1778, 


ive. 

or  to  assure 
lission.  All 
your  letter 
De  carried  by 
hat  the  said 
atter.  Find- 
e  part  of  the 
ish  comman- 
>  add  to  your 
:onquer  their 
ght  forward, 
urgent  solici- 


I  tations  which  he  made  to  them  in  our  prssence  to  over- 
I  come  their  irresolution.  In  honor  of  which,  Sir,  to  assure 
I  you  that  we  are  with  respect  and  fidelity  your  very  hum- 
I  ble  and  obedient  servants. 

JYTE  Truteau.      Joseph  Venault, 

Louis  Chatellerault, 

I  Lateau  Hay,  Louis  Jauntetot,  Eustache  Lambert, 

I  Joseph  Verinat,    Amable  Val,    Bapte.  Casterique. 

■'I 

I  Witness,  at  the  Pees,  the  26th  January.  (?)  LlONNAIS. 


:M 


■jW 


To  Monsieur  Rocheblave, 

Commandant  of  all  the  English  part  of  the  Illinois. 


f     [Endorsed:]     French  letter  that  came  enclosed  by  Mr. 
|Rocheblave  to  Mr.  Hamilton  and  transmitted  by  him  to 
^General  Carleton  in  his  letter  of   the  6th  August,   1778, 
||marked  Detroit  No.  7. 


Examination  of  Henry  Butler  before  Rocheblave 

at  Fort  Gage. 

ranslation  from  the  "Canadian  Archives,  "Haldimand  Papers,  V.  122,  p.  21. 

Today  the  15th  of  Feb.  1778,  at  eight  o'clock  in  the 
^^morning  there  appeared  in  the  audience  chamber  of  this 
||brt  upon  your  order  a  man  named  Henry  Butler,  of  Irish 
rigin,  having  resided  for  six  years  in  the  province  of 
ennsylvania,  to  whom  after  administering  the  legal  oath 
'^to  speak  the  truth,  we  have  put  to  him  the  following  ques- 
tions. Inquiry  firstly,  how  and  when  he  came  to  this 
^ountry. 

%  In  reply,  he  states  that  he  arrived  several  days  ago 
^**aving  seen  himself  threatened,  as  had  been  the  case  be- 
ore,  with  being  obliged  to  take  arms  in  favor  of  the 
l^ebels.  He  left  Fort  Pitt  three  months  ago  in  company 
|vith  three  others.     He  had  embarked  with  a  Mr.  Morin, 


I 


% 


■^ 


itflflLt. 


f  ■ 


!l 


'\  ? 


'     i: 


r  I 


M 


I      > 


"•3, 


270 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


whom  he  had  met  with  while  hunting  upon  the  beautiful 

river. 

He  was  asked  what  was  going  on  at  that  time  at  the 
Fort  and  in  the  surrounding  provinces. 

He  replied,  that  he  had  heard  it  said  that  the  troops  of 
the  king  were  spread  through  the  villages  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  said  Fort  and  that  their  general  was  at  a  place 
called  the  White  Horse. 

He  was  asked  if  he  had  heard  that  Philadelphia  had 
been  taken  and  how.^* 

He  nswered,  that  the  people  of  Philadelphia  had  re- 
no  '^ry thing  which  barred  the  river  and  had  given 
free  entrance  to  the  ships  of  his  majesty. 

'Jc  was  asked  if  there  had  been  any  affair  between  the 
troops  oi"  the  King  and  the  rebel  army.? 

He  made  answer,  that  he  had  heard  it  said  that  there 
had  been  a  battle  upon  a  small  river  called  Schuylskill 
and  that  the  rebels  had  lost. 

He  was  asked  where  Congress  was.? 

In  reply,  he  stated  that  Congress  was  at  Lancaster  at 
the  time  he  left,  but  that  since  it  had  retired  to  Carlisle. 

He  was  asked  as  to  whether  he  had  any  knowledge  of 
an  armament  being  prepared  for  this  country. 

He  replied,  that  he  had  heard  nothing  of  it  before  leav- 
ing. 

He  was  asked  if  he  knew  George  Morgan  and  where  he 
was } 

He  replied,  that  he  knew  him,  that  Morgan  had  gone 
to  Philadelphia  in  search  of  money  to  pay  for  the  provi- 
sions of  the  troops  of  which  he  was  the  purveyor,  and  that 
he  had  not  returned. 

He  was  asked  if  he  had  any  further  information  to  give? 

He  replied,  that  he  had  heard  it  said,  that  this  enga^ije- 
ment  would  take  place  this  spring,  that  the  people  inclined 
for  the  party  of  the  King  and  were  only  kept  back  by  the 


'•iBik" 


kHH 


BRITISH  ILLINOIS— rocheblave:  papers. 


271 


2  troops  of    I 
neighbor- 
at  a  place 

elphia  had 

lia  had  re- 
had  given 


Lancaster  at 
3  Carlisle, 
nowledge  of 

before  leav- 

id  where  be 

111  had  gone 
r  the  provi- 
ror,  and  that 

tion  to  give? 
this  engaj^^c- 
Dple  inclined 
back  by  the 


oath  which  had  been  exacted  from  every  family  to  the 
contrary,  and  added  that  they  had  conducted  the  prison- 
ers taken  from  the  royalist  army  to  a  place  called  Win- 
chester. 

He  furnished  his  statement  declaring  that  it  contained 
only  the  truth,  and  not  knowing  how  to  sign  his  name  he 
signed  thro'  his  clerk  and  the  witnesses  here  below. 

his 

Henry  x  Butler. 

mark 

RocHEBLAVE,  Commandant. 
Patt  Kennedy,  Charles  Gogis,  Carbonneau,  Clerk. 

And  today  the  i6th  of  the  said  month,  continuing  the 
same  interrogatory  which  business  had  obliged  us  to  inter- 
rupt. The  same  Butler  after  having  again  taken  oath  was 
asked  what  was  the  force  of  the  garrison  and  the  name  of 
ithe  commandant.-* 

He  replied,  that  the  Brigadier  Gen.  Hand,  formerly 
Idoctor  to  the  eighteenth  Regiment,  commanded  there  and 
'Ithat  there  were  in  the  neighborhood  of  one  hundred  men 
4?in  the  garrison,  the  greater  part  of  them  deserters  from 
*|the  troops  of  His  Majesty  there.  The  thing  has  not  been 
learly  explained,  they  are  deserters  from  the  colonies. 

He  was  asked  if  there  was  a  great  number  of  barges  or 
ateaux  prepared  .-^ 

He  replied,  that    there  were  in    the  neighborhood  of 

incty  barges  or  bateaux  already  made  ready  and   that 

hey  were  employed  daily  in  constructing  others.     There 

ould  have  been  a  larger  number  but  that  a  storm  had 

jiestroyed  seventeen  of  them. 

He  was  asked  if  he  was  acquainted  with  a  person  called 

.  Liny.?     He  replied,  no. 

He  was  asked  what  pay  they  received.-* 

He  answered,  that  he  had  received  nothing  during  the 

ree  months  that  he  had  been  at  Fort  Pitt. 


u* 


'I- 


272 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


He  was  asked  what  the  people  thought  of  this  on  this 
side  of  the  Apalachians? 

He  repHed,  that  they  had  kept  quiet  until  they  should 
have  constructed  the  barges,  and  that  then  it  was  thought 
that  they  were  for  the  escape  of  the  chiefs  and  of  con- 
gress, and  that  the  people  had  planned  to  arrest  them  if 
they  sought  to  escape  in  that  direction. 

The  reading  of  the  declaration  having  been  made  to 
him,  he  declared  that  it  contained  the  truth,  and  that  he 
had  nothing  to  change,  augment,  or  diminish  therein,  and 
has  made  his  mark  not  knowing  how  to  sign  his  name,  the 
year  and  day  as  below  given. 

his 

Henry  x  Butler. 

mark 

Patt  Kennedy,         James  Morin,         Carbonneau. 
Witness.  Witness.  Clerk. 

[Endorsed:]  Examination  of  Henry  Butler  at  Post 
Vincennes  before  Mons.  Rocheblave. 


i 


It  ' 


Rocheblave  to  Carleton. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Haldimand  Papers,  1>.  122,  p.  12. 

Sir: — I  have  the  honor  of  informing  your  excellency 
that,  at  the  close  of  last  month,  I  went  to  St.  Vincennes 
to  confer  there  with  Lieut.  Gov.  Abbott  upon  the  affairs 
of  this  region.  I  urged  him  not  to  leave,  or  at  least  to 
withdraw  here  and  assume  command.  I  was  not  success- 
ful in  this  attempt.  I  took  for  my  return  route  the  way  of 
the  Wabash  and  the  beautiful  river,  ascending  the  Mis- 
sissippi, and  arriving  at  this  Fort.  My  intention  was  to 
learn  the  disposition  of  the  Indians,  particularly  of  the 
Delawares.  M.  Abbott  and  I  have  been  informed  that 
they  have  entered  into  engagements  contrary  to  the  inter- 
ests of  the  crown,  and  I  wished  to  dissipate  the  impressions 


.iMu^ 


ji«miw**iM»i 


liRITISH    ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE   PAPERS. 


273 


;  on  this 

y  should 
thought 
of  con- 
them  if 

made  to 

that  he 

rein,  and 

ame,  the 

Butler. 

ONNEAU. 

lerk. 
at   Post 


122,  p.  12. 

xcellency 
/"incennes 
he  affairs 
t  least  to 
t  success- 
he  way  of 

the  Mis- 
)n  was  to 
ly  of  the 
■med  that 

the  intcr- 
npressions 


to  our  disadvantage  which  our  neighbors  seek  to  inculcate 
daily.  I  learned  upon  my  arrival  at  the  beautiful  river, 
the  fifth  of  the  present  month,  that  two  days  ago  a  vessel 
had  passed  coming  from  Fort  Pitt,  which  had  taken  two 
brothers  who  under  the  passport  of  Mr.  Abbott  had  gone 
to  trade  with  the  Indians.  I  learned  the  next  day  that 
they  had  also  taken  M.  Le  Chance,  officer  of  Militia  at 
this  place  who  left  before  me,  going  under  my  passport  to 
journey  to  St.  Vincennes.  They  took  with  the  latter  his 
childred,  his  effects  and  his  negroes.  They  took  likewise 
one  of  the  two  brothers  of  the  first  capture,  with  fifty 
packages  of  skins  which  they  had,  after  making  them 
understand  that  they  should  only  put  the  blame  on  their 
passport  and  that  they  wished  to  take  Mr.  Hamilton, 
Abbott,  and  myself.  We  discovered  that,  by  their  lan- 
guage, they  were  seeking  to  inspire  a  spirit  of  independence 
among  the  people.  The  ship  is  large,  pointed  and  with 
quarter  netting  having,  according  to  some  of  the  engages, 
two  cannon,  and  four,  according  to  others,  who  say  that 
two  are  masked,  and  forty  soldiers,  commanded  by  an 
officer  from  Philadelphia  named  Willing,  who  has  three 
others  under  his  orders.  It  is  loaded  with  provisions. 
Congress  has  written  by  this  occasion  to  the  Spanish 
Governor  at  New  Orleans,  and  the  Commandant  of  that 
nation  in  this  region  has  received  a  letter  of  the  contents 
of  which  nothing  has  transpired. 

As  I  had  good  reason  to  fear  they  would  proceed  only 
as  far  as  the  Illinois,  I  decided  to  abandon  the  project  of 
visiting  the  Indians  at  the  adjoining  rivers,  and  by  travel- 
ing day  and  night  to  arrive  before  them.  I  met  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Mississippi  the  recruits  of  the  two  captives, 
whom  they  had  landed  stripped  of  everything,  after  hav- 
ing required  of  them  that  they  would  not  take  arms 
against  their  pretended  states.  I  learned  that  they  under- 
stood (if  one  could  put  faith  in  what  some  soldiers  said  to 


^4 


■i'^PIWw' 


ffiWipf?''^ii'Wi^i5^"^'^  ■*'  ^p*- 


1  • 


;     / 


if 


1)1 ! 


274 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


some  engages  of  their  acquaintance)  that  their  aim  is  to 
possess  themselves,  with  the  aid  of  their  supporters  and 
others  of  their  sort,  of  Natchez  and  Manchac,  and  to  force 
to  take  arms  in  their  favor  several  thousands  of  those 
located  at  the  foot  of  the  Mississippi,  and  to  return  with 
munitions  of  war. 

If  such  is  their  plan,  I  think  that  in  any  event,  they 
must  prepare  a  way  of  retreat  for  the  chiefs  of  this  fatal 
revolt,  who,  taking  refuge  in  a  country  covered  with 
immense  forests,  surrounded  by  numberless  rivers,  and 
assisted  by  our  neighbors,  could  not  be  dispossessed  of  it 
without  a  severe  blow,  and  without  causing  immense 
expense  in  view  of  the  local  difficulties. 

I  would  be  all  the  more  tempted  to  attribute  this  pro- 
ject to  them,  since  after  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  the 
capture  of  New  York,  and  subsequent  events,  when  finally 
things  were  at  their  worst  for  them,  they  caused  to  be 
constructed  a  quantity  of  barges  at  Fort  Pitt,  and  the 
project  was  proposed  to  the  Spaniards,  according  to  what 
a  reliable  person  from  their  side  has  told  me,  and  was 
only  abandoned  when  they  had  taken  lieart  again  after  the 
surprise  of  Trenton.  Thus  we  can  see  the  Congress  keep- 
ing alive  here  the  leaven  of  the  rebellion.  Your  excel- 
lency knows  better  than  anyone  how  important  it  is,  for 
the  interests  of  Great  Britain,  that  they  should  not  have 
immediate  relations  with  a  jealous  power,  and  one  which 
exists  in  a  region  where  it  can  in  safety  foment  the  trou- 
bles in  the  colonies,  subdued  or  to  be  subdued. 

Four  months  ago,  after  the  arrival  of  the  boats  from 
New  Orleans,  the  Spaniards  sent  off  by  night  three  men 
to  carry  letters  to  Fort  Pitt.  They  spread  the  story  that 
they  were  going  to  hunt  o  the  Beautiful  River.  Although 
I  did  not  credit  the  report,  I  have  only  recently  been 
assured  of  the  fact  by  two  savages  who  met  them. 

I  regret  exceedingly.  Monsieur,  that  the  state  of  affairs 


.  -T^r^illEtig 


13RITISII   ILLINOIS — ROCHEIiLAVK   PAPERS. 


275 


m  is  to 
ters  and 

to  force 
of  those 
urn  with 

nt,  they 
his  fatal 
ed  with 
ers,  and 
ised  of  it 
immense 

this  pro- 
land,  the 
^n  finally 
ed  to  be 

and  the 
r  to  what 

and  was 
I  after  the 
ress  keep- 
»ur  excel- 
;  it  is,  for 

not  have 
)ne  which 

the  trou- 

oats  from 

hree  men 

story  that 

Although 

ntly  been 

n. 

:  of  afifairs 


does  not  permit  you  to  maintain  here  some  troops,  by 
means  of  which,  and  the  inhabitants  could  give  aid  to 
them,  they  could  cut  off  all  foreign  relations,  make  the 
passage  of  the  Beautiful  River  at  least  dangerous,  and 
could  plant  themselves  on  the  hills  at  the  foot  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  comp^ '  our  neighbors  to  ccntribute  only 
their  good  wishes  to  the  continuation  of  our  troubles.  If 
/cal  and  activity  alone  could  procure  us  these  advantages, 
as  my  honor  is  concerned,  your  e.xellency  might  remain 
without  anxiety.  Although  stripped  of  everything,  I 
would  not  cease  to  put  forth  every  effort  and  would  only 
desist  from  it,  when  there  was  no  more  hope.  I  place 
before  you  the  declaration  of  a  deserter  from  the  colonies, 
lie  as  well  as  others  has  asked  that  they  might  enjoy  the 
benefits  offered  to  those  who  leave  the  rebel  army.  I 
implore  your  excellency  to  give  me  directions  upon  this 
subject,  as  well  as  upon  the  deeding  of  lands  which  num- 
bers of  the  refugees  from  the  colonies  are  soliciting,  con- 
jointly with  the  inhabitants  of  the  Spanish  prairie.  I  have 
likewise  sent  you  a  journal  of  last  year  which  sets  forth  the 
doings  of  the  Spanish  with  the  Indians  of  our  shore  to 
our  prejudice,  and  a  notice  by  which  anyone  on  their  side 
can  warn  me  of  any  evil  designs  of  the  rebels  towards  me. 

I  must  inform  you  that  the  roof  of  the  house  of  the 
fort  which  is  of  shingles  is  entirely  rotten  being  made 
twenty  five  years  ago  and  that  it  rains  in  everywhere 
altho'  I  am  continually  patching  it  up.  If  there  is  much 
longer  delay  in  putting  on  a  new  roof,  a  house  which  has 
cost  more  than  forty  thousand  piastres  to  the  Jesuits  will 
be  lost. 

It  grieves  me  to  the  heart,  sir,  to  speak  with  you  on  the 
subject  of  finance.  My  expenditure  for  the  first  thirteen 
months  of  my  government,  has  reached  about  one  thou- 
sand pounds  sterling,  for  which  deduction  should  be  made 
for  the  sum  Mr.   Hamilton  was  willing  to  pay.     I  have 


'  'I 


li-l 
I 


'  t 


>  J 


»    / 


i\ 


Iff 

) 


Hi. 


.:  (  i 


V 


276 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


taken  the  liberty  of  drawing  upon  your  excellency  in  favor 
of  Messrs.  Unirat  &  Eirre,  according  to  the  account  which 
I  have  had  the  honor  of  addressing  to  you.    I  have  the  un- 
happiness  of  learning  that  these  same  drafts,  of  which  one 
is  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Maisonville  at  Detroit  and  the  other 
is  held  by  Mr.  de  Seve  at  Montreal,  have  not  been  paid 
which  renders  all  business  nearly  impossible  and  costs  the 
more.     If  you  were  fully  persuaded,  sir,  of  the  necessity 
of  such  expense  and  of  the  dispositions  of  our  neighbors, 
if  you  were  well  informed  that  under  the  old  government 
T  have  not  had  the  wit  to  make  a  fortune,  that  at  present 
I   have  not  even  the  time  to  think  of   it,  you  would  see 
that  with  resources  so  small  for  a  country  so  large,  I  have 
been  able  to  make  redoubled  efforts  against  our  neighbors 
harboring  bands  of  adventurers  coming  from  the  colonies, 
and  have  kept  alive  a  sort  of  government  in  a  region  where 
jealousy  and  scheming  have  sought  to  introduce  anarch' 
and  confusion.    I  am  persuaded  that  the  goodness  and  tl 
justice  of  your  heart  will  not  permit  you  to  hesitate  to  order 
the  payment  which  has  not  already  been  made.    Your  order 
to  suspend  all  expenses  which  reached  me  July  last,  did 
not  surprise  me,  having  in  some  sort  solicited  it,  by  a  letter 
in  which  I  had  the  honor  of  pointing  out  that  in  a  time 
where  the  State  was  required  to  make  violent  effort  it  was 
wise  to  forbid  them  here.    But  scarcely  had  I  written  thus, 
deceived  by  an  insidious  tranquility,  when  two  well  founded 
alarms  came  to  disabuse  me.    Out  of  respect  for  your  orders 
I  ought  in  reply  to  point  out  to  your  excellency  that  from 
this  day   I   have  discontinued   those   for  account  of   the 
King,  and,  judging  them  indispensable,  have  continued 
my  own.     I  have  strongly  felt  that  the  honor  of  the  nation 
would  not  permit  you  sir  to  make  costly  a  fanaticism  of 
zeal  so  little  proportioned  to  my  means,  and  that  you 
would  need  more  of  me  than  to  see  me  the  sport  of  our 
neighbors  and  of  the  savages. 


15RITISII    ILLINOIS — ROCHEHLAVK    PAPERS. 


277 


I  have  on  every  occasion  urged  that  I  might  be  replaced 
by  some  other  person  better  accredited,  and,  this  being 
settled  in  my  favor,  I  will  go  so  far  to-day  as  to  even  say 
that  the  good  of  the  service  requires  this.  A  native  born 
I'^nglishman  would  experience  fewer  annoyances  on  the 
part  of  those  who  have  this  advantage,  although  those 
uho  are  here  are  little  worthy  to  be  so  styled.  They  whom 
I  have  had  business  with  of  that  faction,  and  who  have 
often  wasted  the  attention  due  to  other  matters  have  given 
me  too  much  vexation,  besides  one  has  need  of  a  clear 
head  here,  and  my  mind  is  daily  impaired  and  weakened 
by  a  thousand  details,  each  one  more  disagreeable  than 
the  other,  being  obliged  to  be  the  fac  iotum  of  everything. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  the  most  respectful  consid- 
eration your  excellency's  very  humble  and  obedient  ser- 
vant. ROCHEBLAVE. 

P.  S.  I  have  forgotten  to  inform  you  that  in  July  last 
seeing  myself  without  resources  and  threatened  with  a 
war  which  they  told  me  on  every  side  would  not  long  be 
delayed,  and  almost  positive  that  your  excellency  would 
not  pay  I  begged  Mr.  Abbott  to  add  to  his  account  four 
hundred  and  four  piastres  that  I  had  given  in  merchandise 
to  the  Indians  of  his  government  before  his  arrival,  which 
he  did.  Meanwhile  this  same  charge  is  carried  into  the 
accounts  of  the  first  thirteen  months.  I  ought  to  reim- 
burse it,  if  you  have  paid  it,  or  to  carry  it  in  a  deduction 
upon  the  current  account  if  you  admit  it.  I  have  forced 
myself  to  this  kind  of  deceit,  which  the  crisis  alone  could 
justify,  to  furnish  me  either  the  funds  or  time,  and  it 
troubles  me  all  the  more  because  it  is  foreign  to  my  char- 
acter. Fort  Gage  le  18  Fr.  1778. 

[Endorsed:]     Mr.  Rocheblave,  8th  Feb.  ^Z. 


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278 


EARLY   ILLIxXOIS. 


Rocheblave  to  Lord  George  Germaine. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Series  i,  Vol.  15,  p.  196. 

Fort  Gage  of  Illinois,  28th  February,  1778. 

My  Lord:  —  The  unfortunate  situation  in  which  his 
Excellency,  Mr.  Carlcton,  found  himself  at  the  end  of  the 
year  1775,  at  the  time  of  the  invasion  of  the;  province  of 
Quebec  by  the  Colonists,  obliged  him  to  recall  the  garri- 
son of  this  Country  in  order  to  fall  back  upon  Detroit  and 
Niagara.  This  general  judged  wisely  that  under  the  cir- 
cumstances it  were  better  not  to  have  the  icw  troops 
belonging  to  him  widely  dispersed,  when  in  consolidating 
them  lay  his  only  chance  of  accomplishing  anything.  In 
consequence  of  his  orders.  Captain  Hugh  Lord,  who  had 
governed  this  country  with  general  satisfaction  evacuated 
it,  leaving  me  in  charge  without  troops,  without  money, 
without  resources.  This  evacuation  which  the  then  crisis 
rendered  necessary,  and  could  alone  justify,  should  have 
been  remedied  when  the  face  of  affairs  had  changed.  But 
I  think  there  is  but  little  known  in  regard  to  this  country. 
It  will  soon  become  the  center  of  communication  between 
the  Colonists  and  the  Spaniards  by  means  of  the  Missis- 
sippi and  the  beautiful  river,  n'hich  offers  them  connection 
with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  New  Orleans.  I  have  in 
vain  set  i^orth  the  danger  of  this,  but  have  been  powerless 
to  prevent  it  from  lack  of  means.  I  take  the  liberty  ni}' 
Lord  of  representing  to  you  that  the  only  means  of  saving 
this  country  and  to  guard  against  the  numberless  impedi- 
ments to  communication,  is  the  immediate  residence  here 
of  a  lieutenant  governor  and  troops.  This  statement  of 
mine  should  be  believed  all  the  more  since  their  coming 
would  eclipse  me.  I  wish  that  the  nation  could  know  that 
this  is  one  of  the  best  possessions,  and  that  some  en- 
couragement could  be  given  it. 

Not  having  the  honor  of  being  known  to  you,  my  Lord, 


tl 


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BRITISH    ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE    PAPERS. 


279 


I  will  not  venture  to  take  the  liberty  of  expressing  myself 
at  (greater  length.  I  refer  you  in  regard  to  the  account  to 
be  rendered  you,  to  Mr.  Abbott,  lieutenant  governor  at 
St.  V^incennes,  whom  to  our  great  regret  threatening  cir- 
cumstances have  obliged  to  go  to  meet  the  troops  at 
Detroit.  I  will  confine  myself  to  asking  your  favor  for  an 
old  soldier  on  half  pay  in  Europe  in  1748  and  in  America 
in  1763. 

Having  from  fortune  only  a  wife  and  children,  I  beg  of 
you  that  they  may  be  given  the  pension  of  the  command- 
ants at  the  Posts.  I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  respectful 
consideration,  My  Lord,  your  very  humble  and  obedient 
servant.  ROCHEBLAVE. 

[Endorsed:]  Fort  Gage  of  the  Illinois,  Feb.  28th,  1778, 
Mr.  de  Rocheblave,  R.  13th  Sept. 


M 


i'  m 


Rocheblave  to  Bosseron  at  St.  Vincennes. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Haldimand  Papers,  Vol.  122,  p.  35. 

[Detroit,  April  25,  1778.] 
By  a  deserter  arrived  from  Fort  Pitt,  we  have  learned 
that  the  people  of  Philadelphia  having  shaken  ofif  the 
yoke  of  Congress,  have  raised  the  chain  which  prevented 
the  ships  of  the  King  from  passing,  and  have  by  so  doing 
returned  to  their  allegiance  to  his  majesty.  Congress  had 
fled  precipitately  toward  the  mountains,  after  the  com- 
[)Iete  rout  of  its  army,  that  the  people  sigh  ardently  for 
peace  in  order  to  escape  from  the  most  frightful  misery. 
ilic  chiefs  of  the  revolt  are  saving  their  effects  by  the 
roule  to  Fort  Pitt. 

A  boat  descending  from  the  said  Fort,  has  taken  the 
Srs.  Ikcquet  and  their  packages.     Mr.  La  Chance  has  sub- 
mitted to  the  same  fate  with  his  brandy.     Although  the 
colonists  have  never  had  the  ill  will  of  this  country,  this  is 
19-34-4 


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280 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


a  certain  proof  that  they  would  spare  them  little,  if  they 
came  there  in  force.  Certain  rumors  which  are  abroad  as 
to  the  bad  disposition  of  the  savages,  make  me  desire  to 
speak  with  the  Chiefs  of  the  Loups.  I  beg  of  you  if  you 
if  you  are  at  the  Post  to  induce  them  to  come  and  see  me. 

(The  above  extract  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  de  Rocheblave  dated  Feb'ry  28, 
1778,  was  communicated  by  Lieut. -Gov.  Abbott  to  Lieut. -Gov.  Hamilton, 
and  by  him  sent  to  Gen.  Carleton — under  date  of  April  25,  1778,  from 
Detroit. ) 


Rocheblave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Hamilton. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Haldimand  Papers,  Vol.  122,  p.  33. 

After  Midnight,  March  17th,  1778. 

Sir:  —  At  supper  time  there  entered  this  evening  a 
delaware  war  chief  who  reported  that  five  or  six  hundred 
rebels  are  making  a  fort  on  the  river  of  the  Chaouanons 
which  is  eighteen  leagues  above  the  mouth  of  the  beauti- 
ful river.  This  being  true  we  are  upon  the  eve  of  great 
events  in  this  country. 

He  said  that  his  people  had  killed  four  of  them  and  had 
lost  a  chief.  I  am  more  and  more  convinced  that  thih 
Country  is  to  become  their  retreat  and  that  we  need 
troops  here.  The  Sieur  des  Groselliers  the  present  mes- 
senger is  about  to  go  in  search  of  merchandise  for  Mr. 
Cerre.  As  we  are  in  extreme  need  of  everything,  I  beg 
you  to  facilitate  his  progress  in  every  way.  If  the  rebels 
secure  possession,  I  will  warn  you  in  time  to  stop  his 
return.  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  very  humble  and 
obedient  servant.  ROCHEHLAVE. 

To  the  Hon.  Henry  Hamilton,  Esquire,  Lieut,  gov.  of 
Detroit  and  dependencies  thereto. 


[Endorsed:]      From    Mr.    Rocheblave  to   Lieut. 
Hamilton  of  17  March,  1778. 


Govr. 


I 


mmf 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— ROCHEBLAVE   PAPERS. 


281 


Rocheblave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Abbott. 

1  lanslation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Haldimand  Papers,  Vol,  122,  p.  89. 

Fort  Gage,  20th  June,  1778. 

Sir: — The  news  which  the  boats  arriving  yesterday 
bring  us  are  confined  to  the  acts  of  brigandage  done  on 
the  lower  Mississippi  by  the  party  of  Mr.  Willing  which 
has  pillaged  indiscriminately  to  the  extent  of  their  power 
the  I'^nglish  subjects,  after  having  once  left  them  in  peace, 
and  received  their  oath  of  neutrality. 

Conduct  so  odious,  so  worthy  of  an  Arab  has  already 
begun  to  receive  a  part  of  the  return  it  merits,  a  detach- 
ment of  this  corps  having  been  surprised  to  the  number  of 
sixteen  at  Manchac,  where  a  party  from  Pensacola  killed 
four  of  their  men  and  carried  off  a  dozen.  As  they  hast- 
ened to  richer  prey,  they  left  the  Natchez  without  pillag- 
ing them  but  they  afterward  sent  a  detachment  of  thirty- 
two  men  in  a  boat  with  six  pieces  of  cannon  to  make  this 
expedition.  But  the  people  of  the  Natchez  becoming 
wise  by  the  fate  of  the  others,  attacked  them  and  having 
killed  seven,  have  taken  the  rest  as  well  as  the  boat  and 
cannon,  and  have  managed  to  prevent  them  from  coming 
up  the  river,  being  five  hundred  under  arms  with  the 
savages,  having  made  up  their  minds  not  to  permit  them 
to  take  all  of  their  goods.  I  hope  always  to  have  the 
honor  of  seeing  you,  having  reasons  which  should  engage 
>  ou  to  come  without  delay.  I  have  the  honor  to  be  with 
sincere  attachment.  Sir,  your  very  humble  and  very  obedi- 
ent servant.  RocHEBLAVL. 


ieut.   Govr. 


Rocheblave  to  Thomas  Dunn,  Treasurer,  Quebec. 

Tianslalion  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Haldimand  Papers,   B.  122,  p.  loi. 

Fort  Gage  of  the  Illinois,  the  4th  July,  1778. 
.S7;'.- — I   have  drawn  today  upon  you   in   favor  of   Mr. 
Dejean  for  twelve  hundred  and  sixty  two  pounds  and  a 


r 

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282 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


■h 


half  sterling  for  to  pay  the  expense  since  the  twenty 
fouth  May  of  last  year  until  today.  I  have  the  honor  of 
i^iving  you  advice  by  the  present,  praying  that  you  will 
honor  it.  The  uncertainty  in  which  I  am  as  to  whether 
my  draft  of  last  year  has  been  paid,  has  occasioned  me  an 
increase  of  expense  by  the  high  prices  and  the  state  of 
dependence  in  which  I  have  been  kept. 

And  meanwhile  the  information  concerning  the  doings 
of  our  neighbors  the  Spaniards  with  the  Americans  require 
that  I  should  do  even  more  than  before,  if  my  services  are 
to  be  of  any  use  to  this  Country. 

I  offer  them  freely.  I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  the 
most  entire  consideration,  etc.  RoCHEBLAVi:. 

[Endorsed:]  1778,  Letter  from  Monsieur  Rocheblavc, 
Commandant  at  Fort  Gage,  Dated  4th  July. 


Rocheblave  to  Thomas  Dunn,  Treasurer,  Quebec. 

Translation  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Ilaldimand  Papers,  B.  122,  p.  10:. 

Fort  Gaol,  4th  July,  1778. 

l^ill  of  Exchange,  i^i26i.   10  sterling. 

By  this  bill  of  exchange,  it  will  please  you  to  pay,  tiie 
second  and  third  of  the  same  date  and  tenure  beintjf  uii- 
paid,  to  Mr.  Dejean  or  order  the  sum  of  twelve  hundred 
and  sixty  two  and  one  half  pounds  sterling  to  liquidate 
the  expense  incurred  in  this  country  since  the  24th  of  May 
•of  last  year  up  to  this  day,  according  to  the  advice  of 
your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant. 

Rocheblave,  Commandant  at  the  Illinois, 

To  Mr.  Dunn,  Treasurer  General  of  the  Province  o( 
Quebec,  at  Quebec. 

[Endorsed:]  A  copy  of  a  bill  of  exchange  drawn  by 
M.  Rocheblave  on  Mr.  Dunn,  for  $1262.  10  sterling,  Fort 
Gage,  the  4th  July,  1778. 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS^-ROCHEBLAVE   PAPERS. 


283 


Rocheblave  to  Carleton.  (?) 

'Iranslation  from  " Canadian  Archives,"  Haldimand  Papers,  B.  122,  p.  91. 

;^iy: — I  have  had  from  time  to  time  the  honor  of  in- 
forming your  Excellency  of  the  journey  of  Mr.  Willing,  a 
native  of  Philadelphia,  a  would  be  captain  for  Congress, 
who  left  Fort  Pitt  last  winter,  directing  his  way,  at  the 
beginning  of  February,  towards  the  lower  part  of  the 
Mississippi,  having  under  his  orders  in  a  bateaux  four 
officers  and  about  forty  soldiers.  By  bateaux  arriving  from 
New  Orleans  we  learn  that  he  put  himself  at  the  head  of 
three  hundred  rogues,  after  having  perpetrated  every  kind 
of  brigandage  in  the  English  establishments,  pillaging  to 
the  extent  of  more  than  a  million  and  a  half  of  piastres  in 
negroes,  indigo,  silver  and  skins,  without  counting  a  pro- 
digious quantity  of  merchandise  of  all  sorts,  and  munitions 
of  war.  He  has  destroyed  English  Arkansas,  which  is  no 
longer  anything  but  a  desert,  and  of  which  the  greater 
part  of  the  inhabitants  have  joined  the  troop.  He  con- 
ducted the  remainder  to  Spanish  Arkansas,  and  there, 
having  found  a  kind  of  portrait  of  His  Pritannic  Majesty 
they  carried  it  along  on  the  end  of  a  pole,  and  then  with 
a  gun  fired  a  number  of  shots  at  it,  without  the  comman- 
dant offering  any  opposition  to  this  indecency.  They  went 
from  there  to  the  largest  English  establishment  at  Natchez, 
a  hundred  leagues  distant  from  Arkansas,  and  an  eaual 
distance  from  New  Orleans,  but  it  not  being  very  rich  they 
attacked  it  in  the  night  and  carried  off  several  persons  to 
serve  them  as  hostages.  They  hastened  from  there  to 
L,uiin  the  habitations  of  the  merchants.  These  required 
two  of  them  to  sign  a  promise  of  neutrality,  and  to  give 
their  word  of  honor  to  leave  them  in  peace,  but,  after 
.^Mthering  together  a  band  of  rascals  of  all  nationalities, 
they  began  to  pillage  and  ravage  with  a  fury  more  worthy 
of  tlie  savages  who  surround  us  than  of  a  civilized  nation. 
And,  as  if   the  names  of   brigands  was   not  enough  for 


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284 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


them,  they  have  wished  to  add  that  of  perjurers,  in  refus- 
ing to  give  their  share  of  the  pillage  to  the  ruffians  who 
joined  them  only  upon  the  promise  to  do  so.  In  leavinL^ 
Manchac  for  New  Orleans  they  left  behind  a  dozen  men 
to  gather  the  animals  together.  A  detachment  comini^ 
from  Pensacola  by  the  lakes  and  the  river  D'Ibervillc, 
which  is  an  offshoot  of  the  Mississippi  seventy  miles  from 
its  mouth,  killed  three  of  them  and  led  the  rest  captives 
to  their  garrison.  Willing  came  in  search  of  the  animals 
and  caused  the  houses  to  be  set  on  fire.  I  forgot  to  say 
that  upon  their  arrival  at  Manchac  they  surprised  and 
boarded  a  frigate  of  eighteen  cannon.  Odious  as  may  be 
their  doings,  the  preservation  of  this  country  is  due  to 
their  course  of  rapine  and  perjury.  Mobile  and  perhaps 
Pensacola  would  perhaps  have  succumbed,  if  more  desirous 
of  conquest  than  of  booty  they  had  used  more  moderation, 
The  partisans  of  the  government,  although  to  a  great 
degree  already  disposed  to  take  arms  in  their  favor,  would 
have  been  forced  to  do  so  by  a  band  of  adventurers,  but 
that  some  seeing  the  devastations,  and  others  the  broken 
faith  in  depriving  them  of  their  share  of  the  spoils,  thought 
only  of  getting  away  secretly  to  Natchez.  Willing,  who 
was  ignorant  of  this  and  who  was  counting  on  his  adher- 
ents, sent  after  the  pillagers  two  officers  with  thirty  sold- 
iers in  a  vessel  carrying  six  pieces  of  cannon.  The 
inhabitants  of  Natchez,  embarking  to  the  number  of  six 
hundred,  killed  seven  of  their  number,  among  whom  were 
some  officers,  and  have  captured  the  rest.  Willing  used 
money  by  the  handful  to  recruit  soldiers  at  New  Orleans, 
Such  is  as  far  as  the  present  time,  sir,  the  state  of  this 
expedition,  the  progress  of  which  as  your  excellency  may 
judge,  may  be  attributed  only  to  the  conformity  of  senti- 
ment of  the  great  part  of  the  people  of  this  country  with 
the  other  Americans,  which  might  have  been  kept  under 
control  by  a  few  troops  joined   by  those  well  disposed. 


H     ! 


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BRITISH   ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE   PAPERS. 


285 


Tliese  would  have  overawed  our  neighbors,  whose  fraudu- 
lent neutrality  has  been  more  fatal  to  us  than  a  war,  which 
Avould  have  permitted  us  to  have  put  them  out  of  the 
account  before  they  had  strengthened  themselves. 

You  will  remember  sir,  that  I  have  had  the  honor  of 
pointing  out  to  your  excellency  that  there  were  arms  and 
habiliments  for  more  than  a  thousand  men  in  the  maga- 
zines of  the  King  of  Spain  at  New  Orleans.  Upon  the 
arrival  of  Willing,  there  were  taken  away  three  or  four 
thousand  pieces  of  blue  and  white  cloth,  which  under 
frivolous  pretexts  have  been  sold  to  the  priests,  while  the 
merchants  have  not  been  able  to  procure  any.  More  than 
two  thousand  pieces  and  a  great  quantity  of  powder  have 
already  been  sold  there,  for  the  service  of  the  colonies. 
Their  agent  will  come  down  one  of  these  days  to  load 
two  vessels.  It  is  hoped,  by  the  means  of  the  French  and 
the  Spanish,  in  case  the  Natchez  stand  firm,  to  take  over 
three  hundred  pounds  of  powder  destined  down  below  for 
them,  as  well  as  the  products  of  their  robberies. 

Three  bateaux  have  lately  passed  on  the  beautiful  river, 
going  from  Fort  Pitt  loaded  with  provisions  to  New 
Orleans,  with  four  hundred  men.  I  have  hastened  off  a 
part}'  to  get  the  start  of  them  if  possible,  and  to  forewarn 
the  Natchez,  They  say  these  bateaux  will  be  constantly 
followed  by  others,  so  that  this  fail  the  beautiful  river  will 
be  covered  with  bateaux  carrying  provisions,  which  they 
dare  not  confide  to  the  sea,  if  your  excellency  does  not 
sec  to  this  promptly. 

The  new  Spanish  Commandant  has  orders  to  construct 
four  forts  at  the  Illinois,  where  they  expect  a  battalion 
this  fall.  They  will  form  two  in  the  City.  The  old  officers, 
on  half  pay  from  France  have  places  there,  and  the  ships 
have  gone  to  Vera  Cruz  in  search  of  soldiers.  Discourage- 
ment is  extreme  here  among  the  inhabitants,  from  the 
practices  of  our  neighbors  and  some  of  the  native  English, 


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286 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


much  less  patriots  than   the  so  called  subjects,  if  these 
were  backed  up.    But  I  repeat  with  regret  that  with  troops 
the  ground  might  have  been  held.     Without  this,  nothing 
can  be  hoped  from  them,  so  greatly  have  they  been  made 
to  fear.     The  Spanish  have  announced,  to  induce  them  to 
come  to  them,  that  they  will  give  the  means  of  subsistence 
during  three  years,  ground,   one  pair  of   oxen,   and   the 
necessary  implements  for  cultivating  the  soil.     So  far  they 
have  not  been  able  to  gain  over  any  one,  which  is  no  small 
proof  of  the  preference  they  feel  for  this  government.    But 
it  is  to  be  feared  that  the  crisis  they  have  now  reached  will 
cause  this  to  disappear.     If  the  government  would  run 
the  risk  of  losing  three  or  four  hundred  pounds  sterling, 
which  it  would  cost  to  export  the  harvest  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  New  Orleans  who  could  be  reimbursed  by  the 
sale,  we  should  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  rise  and  fall, 
perhaps   for  ever,    the  Spanish  battalion  which  can  not 
subsist  without  provisions  from  this  shore,  their  harvest 
having  failed.     It  would  be  neither  possible  nor  reason- 
able to  prevent  the  inhabitants  from  selling  to  them  un- 
less the  failure  could  be  proved  to  them.     They  could  not 
draw  these  from  the  towns,  except  at  immense  expense 
and  with  invincible  obstacles  during  winter,  which  would 
make  them  promptly  renounce  all  projects  of  establish- 
ment.    If  I  do  regret  not  being  rich,  it  is  upon  an  occa- 
sion which  furnishes  us  the  means  of  avenging  ourselves, 
without    exposure    and    without   consequences,    upon   a 
thousand  enemies,  and  for  acts  of  hostility  to  which  I 
have  to  be  all  the  more  sensible,  as,  allowing  something 
to  circumstances,  I  have  been  prompt  to  do  that  which 
could  injure  them. 

The  crew  of  the  two  bateaux  which  brought  the  new 
commandant  have  settled  themselves  in  the  habitations  of 
the  linglish,  deserted  by  all  that  had  escaped  or  been 
despised  by  the  Americans.    The  proprietors  have  carried 


i 


\\ 


.l/.L:isM 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE   PAPERS. 


287 


their  complaints  to  New  Orleans.  I  await  a  reply  ta 
those  I  have  brought  here.  I  await  with  the  greatest 
impatience  the  orders  of  your  excellency,  or  rather  I  beg 
of  you  to  give  them  to  some  other  person  a  native 
l^nglishman,  in  order  to  escape  the  too  common  jealous- 
ies of  some,  who  having  merely  the  name,  and  whose 
affections  are  all  for  the  Americans,  are  seeking  to  thwart 
all  my  efforts,  intriguing  with  our  neighbors  and  poison- 
iiiL,^  with  the  venom  of  their  hearts  the  purest  intentions. 
I  assure  you,  sir,  that,  if  I  had  the  advantage  of  being 
born  English,  I  should  have  retained  but  few  of  those 
who  are  here  who  seem  to  me  to  be  the  shame  and  dis- 
i^race  of  the  nation.  Let  no  one  accuse  me  of  prejudice, 
I'A'ery  honest  man  has  always  his  rights  and  I  have 
certain  ones  exempt  from  national  prejudice. 

A  native  Englishman  would  not  have  done  for  them 
what  I  have  done,  and  for  the  same  reason  would  have 
controlled  them  better.  Reckless  spirits  for  the  most 
part,  they  thought  that  the  government  owed  them  every- 
thing and  that  they  owed  nothing  to  the  government. 
They  raise  a  cry  for  liberty  in  all  that  concerns  them, 
while  their  minds  and  hearts  are  full  of  schemes  of  oppres- 
sion for  all  that  does  not  pertain  to  themselves.  Will 
your  excellency  deign  to  pardon  the  expressions  coming 
from  a  heart  shattered  with  grief  which  only  fall  upon 
the  unworthy  members  of  a  race  I  have  always  admired 
and  respected,  and  to  whom  I  may  say  I  have  been 
assured  of  the  esteem  of  all  others,  and  of  the  generous 
and  enlightened  nations  who  might  have  been  in  their 
place.  I  beg  you  to  see,  sir,  only  an  excess  of  zeal  in  the 
urL;ent  solicitations  I  have  the  honor  to  make  to  you  to 
send  at  once  a  body  of  troops  here,  to  prevent  the  impor- 
tation of  an  immense  quantity  of  all  sorts  of  aid  for  the 
colonics.  All  the  alarms  I  have  sought  to  give  will  be 
only  too  well  realized.     We  are  upon  the  eve  of  seeing 


)l 


'n 


Jl 


I  I 


/I'  • 

I 

I 


/ 


I 


288 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


'l-i 


1  i  ■ 


\h 


fj'l 


■■f 


here  a  numerous  band  of  brigands  who  will  establish  a 
chain  of  communication  which  will  not  be  easy  to  break, 
once  formed.  If  by  the  schemes  of  the  Spanish  the 
Natchez  are  conquered,  there  will  be  established  an  armed 
force  in  this  country.  You  have  no  time  to  lose  to  pre- 
vent this  misfortune.  If  militia  can  be  counted  for  any- 
thing at  present,  a  person  of  discretion  with  troops  would 
attract  more  adherents  than  would  be  believed.  Inclina- 
tion is,  in  spite  of  abandonment  and  distress,  still  for  the 
government,  but  it  is  more  than  time  to  revive  their 
drooping  courage  or  all  will  be  lost  here. 

The  Indians  are  in  general  well  enough  disposed,  but 
it  is  difficult  to  control  them  with  so  small  a  force,  besides 
without  numbers  one  can  not  inspire  respect.  All  that 
can  be  done  is  to  destroy  the  impressions  that  our  neigh- 
bors and  emissaries  of  the  colonies  seek  to  instil.  I  am 
struggling  against  this  all  I  can,  in  order  to  gain  time  and 
keep  the  door  open. 

My  expenses  since  the  twenty  fourth  of  May  of  last 
year  to  the  present  time  amounts  to  thirteen  hundred  and 
fifty  seven  pounds  sterling,  of  which  I  have  drawn  upon 
Mons.  Abbott  for  four  hundred  and  four  and  a  half,  as  set 
forth  in  the  expenses  of  the  first  thirteen  months,  to  be 
■deducted  if  the  account  has  been  paid  of  which  I  am 
ignorant  as  yet.  I  draw  upon  Mr.  Dunn  for  this  sum, 
and  implore  your  excellency  to  order  this  payment,  beiiiL; 
overcome  with  demands. 

With  a  letter  of  credit  upon  some  merchant  accredited 
for  a  limited  sum  upon  the  merchants  here,  a  saving 
might  be  made  upon  the  expenses,  and  one  would  not  be 
placed  in  a  shameful  and  injurious  dependence,  but  would 
be  master  of  his  undertakings.  I  will  send  the  account 
by  the  first  opportunity  being  too  much  occupied  today. 
I  entreat  your  excellency,  if  I  can  be  of  no  more  use  here, 
when  you  replace  me  to  grant  some  assistance  to  a  father  \ 


I 


4 


^•>««*^^4.uwikU. 


-.11. 


HRITISII    ILLINOIS — ROCHEHLAVE    PAPERS. 


289 


of  a  family  in  pecuniary  difficulties.  I  recommend  myself 
to  you  and  assure  you  of  the  respectful  considertion  with 
which  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  very  humble  and 
obedient  servant.  ROCHEBLAVE. 

Fort  Gage,  the  4th  of  July,  1778. 

[Endorsed:]  1778,  from  Mr.  Rocheblave,  commanding 
at  the  Illinois  of  the  4th  of  July.  Rec'd  at  Montreal, 
Canada,  Enclosed  in  Lt.  Govr.  Hamilton's  letter  of  the 
f)t]i  August,  marked  Detroit  No.  7. 


Rocheblave  to  Carleton. 

Translated  from  "Canadian  Archives,"  Series  15.  97,  i,  p.  i. 

Sir: — I  steal  a  moment  from  my  guards  in  order  to 
have  the  honor  of  informing  your  excellency  that  the 
\\\g\\t  of  the  fifth  or  sixth  of  July  last  three  hundred 
rebels  under  the  orders  of  Mr.  Gierke  [.''],  the  self-styled 
Colonel,  arrived  here  where  they  have  made  me  prisoner. 

The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  knowing  the  manoeu- 
vres which  had  occurred  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Missis- 
sippi were  resolved  to  defend  themselves,  but  the  dealings 
of  our  neighbors,  the  Spaniards  and  the  abuse  of  the 
treacherous  English,  especially  those  named  Daniel  Mur- 
ra)',  Richard  Winston  and  John  Hanson,  prevented  them 
from  doing  it.  There  remained  to  me  for  a  resource  Mr. 
LcGros  who  prepared  himself  with  forty  men  to  come 
and  join  me  from  Fort  Vincennes,  where  he  is  captain  of 
militia,  but  the  rebels  having  landed  on  the  beautiful 
river,  sixty  leagues  from  here,  crossed  the  neck  of  land 
which  separates  that  river  from  this  place,  and  prevented 
that.  I  regret  so  much  the  more  that  he  did  not  arrive, 
as  a  number  of  men  on  seeing  me  supported  would  have 
joined  themselves  to  us,  and  we  would  have  been  able  to 
hold  the  balance  of  affairs  in  opposition  to  those  who 
were  destitute  and  in  extremities. 


i^iiB 


r'i 


n 


I, 


f 


,n 


it 


II 


290 


KARLY   ILLINOIS, 


Uselessly  for  two  years  past,  I  have  been  representing 
the  necessity  of  cutting  off  the  communication  between 
the  beautiful  river  and  the  Mississippi,  carried  on  with  the 
Spaniards.  It  is  open,  and  I  hope  that  there  does  not 
result  more  inconvenience  than  I  have  predicted.  I  beg 
your  excellency  to  pay  the  expenses  for  which  I  have 
drawn  upon  iMr.  Dunn.  I  entreat  you  to  have  pity  upon 
the  family  of  Captain  Hugh  Lord  left  with  mine  without 
resource,  their  effects  and  mine  having  been  for  the  most 
part  seized  and  sold.  I  leave  here  a  wife  and  seven  chil- 
dren deprived  of  the  first  necessities  of  life.  They  say 
that  I  depart  to  morrow  for  the  Congress.  I  recommend 
myself  to  you  to  be  exchanged.  I  say  nothing  to  you 
of  my  prison,  which  there  is  nothing  like  in  Algiers.  I 
have  lost  between  Mr.  Lord  and  myself  in  slaves,  animals, 
goods  and  utensils,  nine  thousand  piastres.  I  hope  that 
your  excellency  will  have  regard  to  our  families,  and  will 
cause  them  to  receive  some  aid  by  the  way  of  Mr.  Dc 
Fcire,  merchant  at  Montreal,  who  could  give  his  orders  to 
Mr.  Cerre,  merchant  here.  I  have  neither  a  good  pen 
nor  any  other  paper.  Your  excellency  will  excuse  a 
prisoner  who  writes  upon  his  knees.  Sick  as  he  is,  the 
time  has  come  when  he  must  depart  from  the  country. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be  with  the  most  respectful  consider- 
ation your  excellency's  very  humble  and  obedient  servant, 

ROCHEBLAVK. 

Fort  Gage,  the  third  of  April,  [August  i>l  17-  .* 

*  The  date  of  this  letter,  as  copied  from  the  "Canadiai  ives,"  appear 

to  be  .-///'// 3,  1778,  but  this  is  a  palpable  error,  as  Rocht  ve  refers  in  it  u> 
li is  capture  which  took  place  in  July,  1778.  It  probably  wa>  writ'  11  August 
3,  1778,  as  he  speaks  of  being  made  prisoner  in  "July  last,'?  and  alsu  nientiniu 
his  probable  departure  the  next  day  "for  the  Congress,"  that  is  to  Virginia, 
and  we  know  that  he  was  sent  to  Williamsburg  not  long  after  his  capture.  It 
will  be  noticed  that  he  says  he  was  taken  prisoner  the  night  of  the  fifth  or 
sixth  of  July,  while  all  other  accounts  represent  this  as  occurring  on  the  niyht 
of  the  fourth  of  that  month. — K.  c.  M. 


*}V  •WAK'f  l»W--'" 


COURT  OF  ENQUIRY  AT  FT.  CHARTRKS 

By  John  Moses, 

Secretary  Chicago  Historical  Society. 


''I^HE  "Illinois  country,"  although  ceded   by  the  French 


() 


to  Great  Britani  two  years  previously,  in  consequence 
f  the  armed  opposition  of  its  native  proprietors,  was  not 
rctluced  to  actual  possession,  until  the  surrender  of  Fort 
(Jhartres,  its  capital,  "with  its  barracks,  magazines,  and 
artillery,"  on  October  lO,  1765. 

It  was  not  considered  "sound  policy"  by  the  British 
government  to  encourage,  nor  even  permit,  British  settle- 
ments within  this  newly-acquired  territory.  It  was  feared 
that  they  would  not  only  weaken  and  retard  the  growth  of 
tlio  older  communities  on  the  Atlantic,  which  they  desired 
to  foster,  but  that  the  inhabitants  would  eventually  become, 
as  stated  by  the  governor  of  Georgia,  "a  separate  and  in- 
dependent people  who  would  set  up  for  themselves,"""' 

Ihe  country  was  to  be  held  under  a  military  govern- 
intiit,  and  the  French  inhabitants,  less  than  two  thousand 
in  number,  who  elected  to  remain  in  the  country  were  to 
be  protected  in  their  religion,  and  treated  kindly,  receiv- 
iiiL^r  the  same  rights  and  privileges  as  native-born  subjects 
of  the  king.  Trade  was  to  be  encouraged,  and  the  most 
friendly  relations  maintained  with  the  Indians. 

riiomas  Sterling,  then  a  gallant  young  captain  in  the 
Forty-second  Highlanders — the  celebrated  "Black- Watch" 
re  'inent — who  subsequently  fought  his  way  up  to  a  major- 
at ;ieralship  and  a  baronetcy,  to  whom  Fort  Chartres  was 
surrendered,  remained  in  command   but  a  short  time,  and 

Report  of  British  Board  of  Trade,"  27. 

291 


W( 


n  >[ 


>\  \ 


), 


292 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


w. 


W-':^ 


M  I' 


was  succeeded  by  Maj.  Robert  Farmer  in  Dec,  1765,  by 
Col.  Edward  Cole,  in  1766-S,  and  he  by  Col.  John  Reed. 
The  latter  was  relieved  at  his  own  request,  and  was  fol- 
lowed Sept.  5,  1768,  by  '']o\\\\  Wilkins,  Esquire,  lieuten- 
ant-colonel of  his  majesty's  Eighteenth  or  Royal  regiment 
•  of  Ireland,  and  commandant  throughout  the  Illinois 
country,"  as  he  described  himself 

Upon  learning  that  the  country,  where  they  had  lived 
so  long  and  thrived,  had  changed  owners,  a  large  portion 
of  the  French  removed  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi. 
Those  who  remained  became  difficult  subjects  to  govern, 
They  regarded  their  new  rulers  as  their  hereditary  ene- 
mies, and  admired  neither  their  laws,  manners  and  cus- 
toms, nor  their  regulations  concerning  trade. 

A  {e\w  British  families  and  soldiers  from  the  fort  oc- 
cupied some  of  the  farms  which  had  been  abandoned  by 
the  French  or  sold  for  a  nominal  sum.  The  principal 
trading  of  the  country,  it  appears,  was  in  the  hands  of  what 
was  called  "The  Company,"  a  firm  composed  of  Boyn- 
ton,  Wharton  and  Morgan.  It  dealt  in  cattle  and  pro- 
duce, and  had  stores  at  Kaskaskia  and  Fort  Chartres. 

The  French  and  Indians  in  their  free-and-easy  methods 
of  dealing  with  each  other  had  their  disagreements,  but 
these  were  easily  settled  in  comparison  with  the  more 
serious  disputes  which  grew  out  of  the  tra  ^e  with  their 
new  neighbors. 

As  a  remedy  for  the  evils  of  a  strictly  niilitary  adminis- 
tration. Col.  Wilk'ns,  pursuant  to  orders  from  Gen.  Ga^e, 
Nov.  21,  1768,  granted  commissions  of  the  peace  to  seven 
of  his  subjects,  English  and  French,  who  together  were  to 
"form  a  court  of  judicature  to  determine  all  causes  of 
debt,"  but  without  the  intervention  of  a  jury.  Geort,^^ 
Morgan,  manager  of  "the  company,"  who  was  very  un- 
popular with  the  French  on  account  of  his  supposed  Iios- 
tile  interests,  was  made  the  president  of  the  court. 


!t 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS — COURT   OF   ENQUIRY. 


ll 


293 


The  commardant  was  inclined  to  favor  his  appointee, 
the  French  petitioned  and  remonstrated  a<jainst  him, 
and  a  small  rebellion  broke  out  in  opposition  to  the 
newly-established  judicial  tribunal.*  It  suited  neither  the 
British,  who  preferred  the  finding  of  a  jury  and  objected 
to  the  rulings  of  a  French  magistrate;  nor  the  French 
who  had  no  respect  for  the  verdict  of  a  jury  and  a  strong 
proclivity  against  British  justices-of-the-peace. 

Courts  of  enquiry,  as  they  were  called — ordered  by  the 
commandant,  being  more  in  consonance  with  military  rule, 
appear  to  have  been  adopted  as  a  mode  of  settling  civil 
disputes  in  place  of  the  unsatisfactory  magistrates'  court. 

One  of  these,  of  which  we  have  only  a  meagre  account, 
was  ordered  Jan.  13,  1769,  to  adjust  accumulating  and 
aggravating  disputes  between  George  Morgan  and  certain 
complaining  French  citizens.  The  proceedings,  lasting 
until  Jan.  20,  were  rancorously  exciting  and  the  result  not 
satisfactory  to  either  party.* 

Another  one  of  these  courts  of  enquiry  was  ordered  by 
the  commandant  upon  the  complaint  of  one  Richard 
Bacon  to  settle  certain  matters  of  "personal  abuse"  from, 
and  violations  of  contract  by,  the  same  George  Morgan, 
before  mentioned.  The  complete  record  of  this  proceed- 
ing has  been  preserved  among  the  archives  of  the  State 
Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin,  which,  through  the  cour- 
tesy of  R.  G.  Thwaites,  corresponding-secretary,  we  are 
permitted  to  have  the  pleasure  of  laying  before  our  readers. 
The  court  convened,  Sept.  24,  1770.  Among  its  mem- 
bers was  the  noted  Thomas  .Hutchins,  then  an  ensign  in 
the  king's  service,  subsequently  the  geographer — surveyor- 
general,  of  the  United  States;  and  among  the  witnesses 
were  Patrick  Kennedy,  who  wrote  the  "Journal  of  a  Tour 
up  the  Illinois  River  in  1775,"  and  a  Mr.  Winston,  who,  it 
is  fair  to  infer,  was  the  Richard  Winston  who  figured  at 
Kaskaskia  as  commandant  in  1779. 

*  The  llislorical  Magazine,  1864,  VIII,  262,  270. 


ii 


J0'  :^ 


^i:«rvi 


I. 


«■■ " 


r 


•I!' 


294 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


The  record,  beginning  with  the  original  contract  between 
the  parties,  affords  an  inside  view  of  the  condition  of  affairs 
in  Illinois  at  this  time,  as  interesting  as  it  is  amusing: 

"Articles  of  Agreement  made  and  Concluded  &  Agreed 
upon  <-his  2 1  St  day  of  march  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
thousand  Seven  hundred  &  Sixty  Eight,  by  and  between 
George  Morgan,  for  himself,  &  John  Boynton  &  Saml- 
Wharton  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  Merch:  of  the  one 
part,  &  Richard  Bacon  late  of  Providence  in  New  P3ng- 
land  now  Residing  in  the  Illinois  of  the  other  Part  wit- 
nesseth 

"That  whereas  the  said  Boynton,  Wharton,  &  Morgan, 
and  Rich<^l-  Bacon  have  Agreed  to  Pinter  into  a  Copartner- 
ship, to  &  jointly  to  form  a  Settlement  &  Improve  a  plan- 
tation in  the  Illinois  Country  to  rai'^e  Stock,  Indian  Corn, 
Tobacco,  Wheat,  &  other  Articles  for  the  Joint  benefit  of 
them  the  said  Boynton  Wharton  &  Morgan  &  Rich' 
liacon. 

"P'or  the  better  Carrying  the  design  into  Execution  tiie 
said  Boynton  Wharton  &  Morgan  do  Covenant  Grant  & 
Agree  on  their  parts  as  follows  Viz 

"ist.  That  they  will  furnish  a  certain  plantation  which 
they  purchas'd  Situate  in  the  Grand  Prairie  on  the  road 
between  Fort  Chartres  &  Kaskaskias,  to  be  by  them  and 
the  Said  Rich^'-  Bacon  Improv'd  for  the  purposes  aforesaid, 
and  that  the  said  Rich^.  Bacon  shall  have  full  Liberty  to 
make  all  such  Improvements  thereon  as  they  may  now  ^s: 
hereafter  agree  upon,  particularly  to  Cut  &  make  use  of 
all  Trees  &  Timber  thereunto  belonging,  as  he  may  think 
proper  for  the  joint  Interest  of  the  said  Boynton  W^hartoii 
&  Morgan  &  him  the  said  Richard  Bacon. 

"2%-  That  the  said  Boynton  Wharton  &  Morgan  will 
furnish  every  necessary  in  their  power,  for  the  better  Car- 
rying on  the  Said  improvement  &c;  at  the  joint  ris(iLic 
&  P2xpence  of  them  the  said  l^oynton  Wharton  &  MorL^aii 


i 


MM^ntfRigi**"' 


i  ' 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY. 


295 


^  Richard  Bacon  &  that  they  will  wait  for  the  payment 
thereof  from  the  Stock,  grain,  Tobacco  &c;  to  be  rais'd 
from  said  Plantation. 

"^dly.  That  they  will  advance  all  Monies  which  may  be 
necessary  for  the  wages  of  Men  to  assist  in  working  on  the 
Said  Plantation  at  the  joint  Risque  &  Kxpence  aforesaid, 
"^thly.  That  they  will  Stock  the  said  plantation  with  as 
many  breeding  Sows,  Cows,  and  with  Cattle  Horses  &c; 
as  they  may  esteem  necessary  or  be  required  thereto  by 
the  said  Richard  Bacon  if  to  be  procurd  or  in  their  power, 
at  the  joint  Risque  &  P^xpence  of  them  the  said  Boynton 
Wharton  &  Morgan  &  the  said  Richard  Bacon  &  that  they 
will  wait  at  least  twelve  months  for  the  payment  thereof, 
or  if  necessary  'till  they  Can  be  paid  on  the  Stock  &c ; 
rais'd  on  the  said  Plantation. 

"  i^t-  And  The  said  Rich^'  Bacon  on  his  part  doth  hereby 
Covenant,  Grant,  bargain  &  agree  as  follows  Viz. 

"That  he  will  at  the  same  Time  without  any  fee  or 
reward  other  than  what  may  arise  from  the  Improvements 
of  Raising  Hogs,  Cattle,  Tobacco,  Grain  and  other  prod- 
uce for  the  joint  benefit  of  the  said  Boynton,  Wharton,  & 
MorLjan,  &  Richard  Bacon,  &  that  he  will  P^mploy  and 
Oversee  all  such  persons,  as  may  be  necessary  for  Carry- 
ing; on  the  Improvements  &c;  aforesaid,  at  the  joint  Ris- 
que &  Expence  of  the  ^  Ad  Boynton  Wharton  &  Morgan 
&  the  said  Richard  Bacon. 

"jdly.  That  he  will  build  one  Log  House  on  the  afore- 
said plantation  &  that  he  will  fence  in  at  least  fifty  acres 
thereof  at  the  joint  Cost  of  the  said  Boynton  Wharton  & 
Morgan  &  Richard  Bacon  as  aforesaid,  for  the  more  Con- 
venient raising  of  Cattle,  Hogs,  Grain,  Tobacco  &c  &c; 

"3'".v     That  out  of  the  first  produce  from  the  said  plan- 
tation, that  the  said  Boynton  Wharton  &  Morgan  shall  be 
repaid  all  the  monies  they  may  advance  for  the  Improve- 
ments and  ICxpences  of  the  aforesaid  Plantation. 
20-34-5 


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TTTT 


if 

■it 


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1 1 1! 


296 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


<'4tlily.  That  he  will  build  proper  Stables,  Sheds,  Pens 
&c;  for  the  better  keeping  the  Cattle  Hogs  &c;  for  the 
reception  of  the  produce  of  the  said  plantation  at  the 
joint  risque  &  Expence  as  aforesaid. 

"It  is  allso  further  mutually  Covenanted,  Bargain'd  ^t 
Agreed,  that  all  the  benefits  &  Profits  and  Advantages 
that  shall  or  may  arise  from  raising  of  Stock,  Tobacco, 
Grain,  &  other  produce  shall  be  equally  Divided  between 
the  said  Parties. 

"That  is,  that  the  said  Boynton,  Wharton,  &  Morgan, 
shall  have,  be  entitled  to,  &  Enjoy  one  half  part  thereotif, 
&  that  the  said  Richd-  Bacon  shall  have,  be  entitled  to  tS: 
Enjoy  the  one  other  half  part  thereof 

"And  that  this  Copartnership  shall  Continue  &  last  for 
Seven  Years  from  the  date  hereof  unless  the  aforesaid 
Richd.  Bacon  shall  Choose  to  decline  the  same  at  ihc 
Expiration  of  One  year  from  the  date  hereof 

"And  that  all  the  Improvements  made  on  the  said  plan- 
tation shall  be  &  remain  at  the  Expiration  of  the  said 
Term  of  years  to  them  the  said  Boynton,  Wharton  &  Mor- 
gan, without  any  payment  or  allowance  whatsoever. 

"Likewise  that  the  said  Boynton,  Wharton  &  Morgan 
shall  have  &  Enjoy  full  Liberty  without  any  payment 
thereof,  to  place  on  the  said  Plantation,  any  number  of 
Cattle,  &  Horses,  which  they  may  purchase  on  their  own 
accounts  &  which  the  said  Richd-  Bacon  may  not  incline 
to  become  Concern'd  in,  &  the  said  Richd.  Bacon  Ensfafrcs 
&  promises,  to  take  the  same  Care  of  them,  as  the  Stock 
which  he  may  be  interested  in. 

"Sign'd    Boynton,  Wharton,  &  MoR<iA\. 
"Seal'd  &  Delivered  in  the  presence  of  J.  Rumsey. 
"Sign'd     JosH  RiGHY."* 

Endorsed:     "Copy  of  the  Articles  of  Agreement   Hetween  1)  [oyiiton] 
W.[harton],  &  Richard  Bacon.     No.  4." 


"^Tar^i 


UKITISH    ILLINOIS—COURT   OF   ENQUIRY. 


297 


"Proceedings  of  a  Court  of  Enquiry  on  a  Complaint 
I.xhibited  by  M«-  Richard  Bacon  against  Geo:  Morgan 
I^sq'-  for  Personal  Abuse,  Siwd  not  Complying  Strictly  to 
the  Tenour  of  his  Agreement  with  him  Concerning  the 
improvement  of  a  Farm  or  Plantation,  Situated  about  Six 
Miles  from  Fort  Chartres  on  the  Road  from  thence  to 
Kaskaskia.  By  Order  of  Lieu*.  Colonel  John  Wilkins, 
Commandant  at  Fort  Chartres  &  the  Country  of  the 
Illinois  &c;  &c;  this  24tl»- Septemr-    1770: 

"President,  Lieut-    Lewis    Wynne.      Members:    Lieu^- 
Alcx^-  Fowler,  Ensign  Thos-  Hutch  ins,  Ensign  VVni-  Rich- 
ardson, Ensign  W»n-  Conally. 

"The  Court  Order'd  M^-  Bacon  before  them,  who  deliv- 
cr'd  the  foUow'g  Annex'd  Papers,  which  the  Judge  Advo- 
cate Read  Publickly  in  Court,  all  Parties  being  present. 

"  Articles  of  Agreement,  between  Messrs.  Boynton, 
Wharton,  &  Morgan,  &  Mr-  Richard  Bacon,  Annex'd  to 
the  Minutes;  as  also  M'"-  Bacon's  Memorial  to  Cob-  Wil- 
kins, &  his  Paper  to  the  Court  Representing  a  State  of  his 
Grievances. 

"Question  proposed  by  ye  Court  to  Mr.  Bacon: — 'As 
you  seem  M"".  Bacon  to  think  that  M>".  Morgan  has  Settled 
M'  Elliott  on  Land  you  thought  belonged  to  the  Planta- 
tion, you  had  agreed  with  Mr-  Morgan  to  Improve,  ac- 
cording to  the  Annex'd  Articles,  The  Court  would  be 
glad  to  know  the  Boundaries  of  Said  Plantation,  also 
that  you  wou'd  point  out  to  them  ihe  many  Grievances  & 
Injuries  you  so  heavily  Complain  of  Receiving  from  M''. 
Morgan.^' 

"Bacon. — 'I  Cannot  point  out  the  Boundaries  of  the 
whole,  but  I  Can  point  out  the  Boundaries  of  that  part 
of  the  Plantation  now  in  Dispute.' 

"Court. — '  How  Came  it  that  M*"-  Morgan  pointed  out  the 
lioundaries  of  one  side  of  the  Plantation,  without  point- 


h 


ing  out  the  Boundaries  of  ye  whole.'' 


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I 


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298 


EARLY   ILLINOIS, 


"Answ.  Hacon. — 'Mr.  Morgan  told  mc  that  he  did  not 
know  the  Boundaries  of  the  other  Parts  of  the  Plantation.' 

"Court. — 'VVlien  the  Agreement  was  made  with  Mesrs. 
Boynton,  Wharton,  k>  Morgan,  &  you,  Concerning  the 
Improvement  of  said  Plantation,  that  is  to  Say,  when 
you  first  Enter'd  into  Articles  of  Agreement  with  them, 
did  you  then  know,  or  understand,  that  M""-  Morgan  had 
any  other  Lands  than  the  Lands  Alluded  to  in  the 
Articles  of  Agreement.^' 

"Ansr.  Bacon. — 'All  that  I  know  of  this  matter  is,  that 
Mr.  Morgan  told  me,  that  he  had  fourteen  Acres  of  Land 
in  Front,  which  land  extends  in  length  from  the  Roches 
leading  to  Kaskaskia,  to  the  lianks  of  the  Mississippi 
opposite  thereto:  But  that  about  Six  or  Plight  months 
afterwards,  M""-  Morgan  told  me  that  he  had  Purchased 
Eight  Acres  in  P'ront,  more,  which  I  understood  Join'd 
the  first  purchased  Plantation  on  the  Plast  side.' 

"Question  proposed  by  Mr.  Morgan: — 'From  whom  Mr., 
Bacon  did  you  Imagine  I  had  purchas'd  the  last  Plot  of 
Land.?' 

"Ansr.  Bacon. — 'I  dont  know.  I  never  heard  from  whom." 

"Court.— 'Did  vou  know  M^  Bacon  that  M'--  Morgan 
had  any  other  Plantation,  or  Lands  whatever,  in  the 
Country  of  the  Illinois,  at  the  Time  you  Enter'd  into 
Articles  with  him.'*' 

"Bacon. — 'I  know  of  none  except  the  P'ourteen  Acres 
iilready  mentioned.' 

"Court. — 'If  3'ou  dont  know  the  Boundaries  of  )our 
Plantation,  how  came  you  to  Imagine  that  M'-  P^lliott 
has  E^ncroach'd  upon  you.'*' 

"Bacon. — 'I  know  the  Boundaries  on  the  side  next  to 
Elliott.' 

"Question  Mr.  Morgan. — 'In  what  manner  Mr.  Bacon  do 
you  apprehend  M'-  Pllliott  hath  I^ncroahed  upon  you.'" 

"Bacon.— 'Mr.  Elliott  has  Settled  on  a  Place,  which  I 


mn 


maeisT 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS — COURT   OF   ENOUIRY. 


299 


had  Clear'd  &  made  some  Improvements  upon,  whereon 
is  a  Spring  which  I  Hkewise  had  Cleared  &  made  Con- 
venient for  the  watering  of  my  Cattle,  &  hath  also  taken 
P(Xssession  of  a  Shed  or  House  which  I  had  Built.' 

"Court. — 'Was  this  House  or  Shed  just  now  mentioned, 
built,  before  M«".  Morgan  left  the  Illinois  Country  in  the 
be;4inning  of  July  1769,  or  had  you  his  Leave  in  writing 
or  otherwise,  to  Build  Said  House  or  Shed?' 

"Bacon. — 'The  House  or  Shed  was  not  Built  when  Mr. 
Morgan  left  the  Illinois  Country  in  1769,  nor  had  I  his 
lcav(  in  writing  for  Building  of  it.  But  I  understood  from 
what  Mr-  Morgan  has  frequently  Said  on  talking  of  the 
Improvements  of  the  Plantation  now  in  Dispute  that  I 
might  make  Improvements  &  Build  on  the  Land  which 
M'-  Morgan  hath  now  settled  M""-  Elliott  upon.' 

"Mr-  Morgan. — 'Is  Mr-  Elliott  Settled  between  the  Face 
of  the  Roches  &  the  Banks  of  the  Mississippi.?' 

"M''  Bacon. — 'No,  he  is  not.  He  is  Settled  on  the  Back 
part  of  the  Roches.' 

"Mr.  Morgan. — 'Did  you  M«"-  Bacon  make  any  use  of  the 
Shade  or  House  which  M^".  Elliott  now  Occupies.-'' 

"Mr-  Bacon.— 'No,  I  did  not  at  the  Time  Mr-  Elliott  took 
Possession  of  it.' 

"Mr-  Morgan. — 'Did  not  I  tell  you  Mr-  Bacon,  when  I 
Settled  you  upon  my  Plantation  that  I  was  not  Certain, 
whether  the  Plantation  wou'd  extend  to  the  P2astern 
Roche  or  not.-*' 

"Mr  Bacon. — 'You  did  say  that  you  was  not  Certain 
whether  Your  Plantation  wou'd  Extent  from  one  Roche 
to  the  other  or  not;  but  that  if  it  did  not  extend  so  far, 
you  intended  soon  to  Purchase  the  Adjoining  Lands,  & 
wou'd  give  me  leave,  in  Consequence  of  Said  Purchase,  to 
make  what  Improvem^s-  I  thought  might  be  necessary  or 
advantageous  to  him  Mr.  Morgan  &  myself 
"Mr.  Morgan. — 'Hath  Mr-  Elliott    made  any  Improve- 


',  ii 


ll 


■maai 


300 


EAKLV   H.LIXOIS. 


\l 


U 


ments  on  the  West   Side  of   the   Roches   in    the   Grand 
Prairie?' 

"Mr-  Bacon.— 'No,  he  has  not.' 

"Mr.  Bacon  being  desir'd  by  the  Court  to  proceed  to 
prove  the  Charge  of  Personal  Abuse — he  said  as  follows: 

'Upon  going,  to  Kaskaskia  to  Settle  Accounts  with  M''. 
Morgan,  &  upon  getting  there  Mr-  Morgan  Ask'd  me  if  I 
had  got  the  Staves  Ready  that  he  had  been  talking  to  me 
about  some  time  before.  On  my  telling  him  I.  had  not, 
Mr-  Morgan  Demanded  my  Reason.  I  told  him  that  1 
Came  to  know  how  my  Accounts  Stood,  before  I  cou'd  do 
anything  more  to  his  Plantation.  Upon  which  Mr-  Mor- 
gan Call'd  me  a  Damn'd  Rascal  &  a  Scoundral,  &  added 
that  I  had  Deceiv'd  him.' 

"Mr-  Morgan. — 'Have  you  Mr-  Bacon  any  P^vidence  to 
prove  that  you  Desir'd  a  Settlement  with  me  at  the  Time 
you  have  alluded  to.-*' 

"Mr-  Bacon. — 'I   have  no  Evidence  Present.     But  one 
Lowdon  a  Servant  of  Mr-  Morgan's  was  Present  when  Mr. 
Morgan  &  I  had  the  Dispute,  and  I  think  he  must  have 
heard  what  Pass'd.' 

"Mr-  Morgan  Addressing  himself  to  the  Court  Said  - 
'On  finding  that  Mr-  Bacon  had  repeatedly  Said,  that  a 
Certain  Gentlemen  had  told  him,  (Mr-  Bacon)  that  I\I'" 
Morgan  only  intended  to  make  a  Slave  of  him;  had 
brought  down  Mr-  Illliott  from  F^-  Pitt  for  the  same  pur- 
poses; &  that  neither  of  them  wou'd  ever  get  a  Farthing 
for  their  Services;  &  that  he  (Mr-  Morgan)  on  finding  that 
Mr-  Bacon  had  Repeated  this  in  many  places,  did  then  say 
to  him,  that  whoever  that  Gentleman  was  who  told  him 
so,  he  was  A  Rascal  &  a  Scoundrel,  &  beg'd  of  Mr-  Bacon 
to  tell  him  so.' 

"Mr  Bacon. — 'Did  you  not   Mr-  Morgan  send   for  M"" 
Elliott  &  Consult  with  him  about  taking  the  whole  of  my 
Stock  into  his  hands,  »lc  told  him  at  the  same  time  what 


mmsssr 


.;««' 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY. 


301 


ail  advantageous  matter  it  wou'd  be  to  him?  And  also, 
did  you  not  desire  Mr-  Elliott  to  find  out  if  Possible  what 
Sum  I  wou'd  take  to  leave  the  Plantation?' 

"iM«"-  Morgan. — 'I  did  propose  to  M»'.  Elliott  to  purchase 
M'    Bacon's  Stock,  finding  him   intirely  Discontented  & 
Cou'd  not   Divine  for  what?    and    I   also  added  to   M""- 
I'^lliott,  that  I  wou'd  advance  the  money  for  the  purchase 
if  liim  (Mr.  Elliott)  &  Mr-  Bacon  cou'd  agree.' 

"M""-  Morgan  to  M»"-  Bacon. — 'Did  you  not  hear  me  give 
particular  Orders  for  you  to  be  Supply'd  with  a  Copy  of 
your  accounts  before  I  left  the  Illinois  Country  in  1769?' 

"M«"-  Bacon. — 'I  heard  you  tell  M»"-  Brown  to  Supply  me 
with  the  Copys  of  my  Accounts,  but  M^-  Brown  never  sent 
thcni  [to]  me.' 

"Air.  Morgan. — 'Did  I  not  Settle  Accounts  with  you  at 
the  Plantation  in  May  or  June  1769,  &  in  Presence  of  Mr. 
Brown  after  every  Article  you  objected  to  in  the  Account?' 

"  Mr.  Bacon. — '  Mr-  Morgan  Did  respecting  the  Fort 
Chartres  Accots:  only.  I  do  not  remember  that  the  Kas- 
kaskia  Accots.  was  Examined  at  that  Time.  And  I  think 
it  was  only  my  Private  Accot:  that  was  Examined.' 

U[)on  this  Mr.  Morgan  laid  his  Books  before  the  Court. 
By  .Said  Books  it  appear'd  that  a  great  many  Articles  had 
been  Alter'd  both  in  his  Publick  k^  private  Accounts.  The 
CouKt  gave  Mr.  Bacon  by  the  request  of  Mr-  Morgan  a 
Cop\-  of  every  Article  in  his  Accounts  to  which  he  had 
made  the  least  kind  of  objection,  &  desir'd  him  to  make 
what  alteration  he  thought  proper — with  this  Remark — *I 
am  iletcrmined  not  to  differ  with  you  Mr.  Bacon,  altho  you 
lia\o  used  many  unbecoming  means  in  order  to  force  me 

to  it; 

"  Ihe  Court  after  Examining  the  whole  of  the  Accounts 
brtwccn  Mr-  Morgan  »Jc  Mr-  Bacon,  in  which  it  Appear'd 
that  Mr.  Morgan  had  granted  every  Indulgence,  \:.  even 
luid  Indulged  Mr-  Bacon  with  making  many  of  the  Charges 


f  i 


ll  1 


302 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


ll 


I ', 


V 


i; 


I  1' 


'^ 


himself,  thought  proper  to  adjourn  till  to  morrow  morning 
Nine  of  the  Clock,  in  Order  to  give  M""-  Bacon  Sc  his 
Friends  Sufficient  time  to  Recollect  themselves.  The 
Court  being  Determin'd  to  Examine  into  the  Source  of 
Every  matter  Exhibited  by  either  Party." 

"September  the  25th.  1770.  The  Court  agreeable  to 
adjournment  met  this  morning  at  nine  of  the  Clock.  When 
Mr.  Bacon  Produc'd  the  Annex'd  Paper,  which  was  Read 
in  Court  by  the  Judge  Advocate,  all  Parties  Present,  [:] 

« 

"Representations"  by  Mr.  Bacon. 

"Gentlemen  of  the  Court,  in  order  to  save  you  much 
Trouble,  ^  that  nothing  may  be  Omitted  I  may  think  of 
Consequence  to  my  Ca.se,  I  have  transmitted  my  thoughts 
again  to  paper.  What  I  Set  forth  in  my  Petition  respect- 
ing Mr-  Elliott  is  that  he  was  Settled  to  my  Prejudice,  that 
is,  his  Vicinity  isL  the  Encouragement  given  to  him  by  Mr. 
Morgan  is  of  great  disservice  to  me,  and  Absolutely  Con- 
tradictory to  the  intent  Purport  »!i:  honest  meaning  of  the 
4th  Article  of  our  Agreement,  whereby  he  is  oblig'd  to  buy 
all  Stock  requir'd  by  me  &  in  every  respect  to  do  his 
utmost  to  promote  the  Interest  of  said  Plantation.  Where- 
as on  the  Contrary  he  has  Settled  a  man  just  under  my 
Nose  &  made  it  his  Business  to  deprive  me  of  my  Cus- 
tomers to  serve  him. 

"It  is  plain  &  Evident  to  any  Impartial  person,  that  it 
was  impossible  for  me  to  make  anything  without  Every 
Effort  of  Mr-  Morgan,  or  I  Shou'd  never  have  agreed  to 
Cede  the  Improvements  and  P2verything  at  the  Expiration 
of  the  Term.  With  respect  to  the  land — there  is  no  Spot 
or  quantity  mention'd  in  the  Articles.  It  was  P3qual  to  me 
where,  how  much  or  how  little  if  Sufificient  for  my  present 
purpose,  &  it  is  not  to  be  Suppos'd  that  I  wou'd  go  and 
improve  upon  another  man's  land  if  I  knew  it;  the  land 
mention'd  in  the  Articles  is  said  to  be  in  the  Grand  Prairie, 


mm 


mmt 


■■M 


HRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENOUIRV 


303 


whereas  my  Improvements  arc  for  the  greatest  part  not  in 
the  Prairie,  Chiefly  on  the  west  side  thereof  &  butt  upon 
tlie  Roches,  where  it  is  not  to  be  suppos'd  I  wou'd  have 
Settled  had  I  not  been  told  by  M"*.  Morgan  :  he  at  the  same 
time  gave  me  leave  to  build  upon  either  one  side  of  the 
Roches  or  the  other  which  wou'd  have  taken  in  near  Twenty 
Acres  of  Land,  I  still  think  M'-  Winston  highly  necessary 
to  be  Call'd  upon  relative  to  what  I  said  yesterday,  &  do 
with  Submission  ask  it  as  a  favor  of  this  honble  Court,  that 
I  may  be  allow'd  to  Call  upon  such  Evidences  as  may  be 
necessary  to  Corroborate  what  ever  I  have  Asserted. 

"Mr.  Morgan  might  Assert  with  some  small  degree  of 
Truth,  I  will  allow,  that  he  wou'd  give  up  his  Share  of 
the  plantation  for  what  it  Cost  him,  meaning  I  Suppose 
agreeable  to  the  Accots:  Stated  between  him  &  me.  But 
the  Gentlemen  of  the  Court  will  please  to  Consider  that 
he  has  already  made  his  money  by  furnishing  &  Stocking 
said  Farm,  &  might  think  himself  well  off  if  he  got  good 
iV:  immediate  payment  for  his  part  thereof.  At  present 
however  that  is  not  so  Easily  Reconcl'd  either.  Because 
Mr  l^lliott  declar'd  to  me  that  Mr.  Morgan  had  told  him 
we  had  Clear'd  9000  Livres  the  first  year.  If  so,  the  de- 
crease of  Expence  and  Increase  of  Stock  &  additional 
[mprovements  must  Certainly  Add  greatly  to  the  annual 
Product. 

"To  Convince  you  Gentlemen  that  tho  I  was  immedi- 
ately dissatisfied  with  the  Settlement  of  Mr.  Elliott,  and 
that  I  am  not  so  difficult  to  please,  I  told  Mr.  Morgan  at 
the  Commencement  of  this  Affair  that  I  wou'd  much 
rather  quit  the  plantation  k>  Settle  Another  piece  of  Ground 
than  remain  there:  upon  which  he  ask'd  me  what  I  wou'd 
do  with  my  Cattle  k,  Stock;  I  told  him  I  wou'd  leave  'em 
with  Mr.  Elliott,  and  wou'd  Accept  of  what  he  thought 
proper  to  allow  me  for  my  Industry,  The  answer  he  made 
was,  that  would  not  do,  &  desir'd  me  to  walk  to  Mr- 
Elliott's  &  desire  him  to  leave  that  place. 


1 


■t 


','  ' 


304 


EARLY    HJJNOIS. 


t  I 


i; 

I    : 

1,1 


"These  Assertions  of  mine  Gentlemen  I  think  of  weight 
to  me  cV'  it  is  the  phice  of  M>"-  Morgan  to  disprove  them  or 
they  must  hold  Good. 

•'Among  other  things  I  have  to  mention,  from  among  the 
Cattle  which  came  from  Post  S^-  Vincent,  he  took  four  or 
five  of  the  Cows  ..V:  kept  them  all  Summer,  after  which  he 
return'd  them  to  me  in  a  very  poor  Condition,  »S:  he  fre- 
quently sends  for  Cattle  for  his  own  use,  ^  orders  in  favor 
of  other  people  at  what  price  he  thinks  proper,  k  pur- 
chases in  the  same  manner  without  ever  Consulting  witli 
me  at  all  upon  the  Subject, 

"He  has  at  present  a  Negro  belonging  to  the  plantation 
at  his  own  house  at  Kaskaskias  which  he  detains;  but 
what  is  most  Notorious  that  he  is  now  in  possession  of  an 
Ox  Charg'd  to  the  plantation  last  year  among  the  26  head 
of  Cattle  which  I  receiv'd  from  Post  S^-  Vincent  which  as 
yet  he  has  made  no  mention  of  to  me.  Now  if  this  is  true 
what  wou'd  such  a  Clandestine  detention  amount  to  in  any 
•other  man,  ».^'  a  poor  one  too. 

"I  Came  to  the  Knowledge  of  this  matter  by  means  of 
Mr-  P^Uiott  who  Inform'd  mo,  upon  asking,  if  such  an  ox 
as  that  was  amongst  the  number  come  from  the  Post,  told 
me  that  by  the  discription  it  was  the  same,  &  that  M' 
Morgan  ofifer'd  him  all  the  Cattle  but  that  &  one  more 
which  he  intended  to  kill,  at  the  same  Time  he  told  M' 
Elliott  that  if  he  attempted  to  take  that  Ox  to  the  Plan- 
tation he  wou'd  run  away  from  him;  upon  this  Mr-  Elliott 
ask'd  him  if  the  Ox  had  ever  been  there  before,  in  answer 
to  which  M""-  IVIorgan  replied  that  he  had  not,  for  that  in 
Attempting  to  drive  him  there  he  ran  away;  besides  this. 
Gentlemen,  I  have  seen  the  Ox  myself,  v^"  am  Certain  of  its 
being  the  same. 

"Mr.  Morgan,  Gentleman,  has  too  or  three  times  men- 
tion'd  yt  he  knew  I  was  advis'd,  by  which  he  wou'd  Seem 
to  intimate  that  I  was  insensible  of  my  own  Injury,  &  that 


Jrn. 


imiTISlI    IM-INOIS— (  OURT   OF    KNQUIKV 


305 


some  ofificious  mcdling  &  Malignant  person  had  urg'd  me 
[n  these  Steps.  Wherefore  in  Common  Justice  to  the 
Suspected  I  do  hereby  declare,  that  I  was  from  my  feel- 
ings as  a  man  &  a  consciousness  of  the  ill  treatment  I  met 
uitli  resolv'd  &  did  Communicate  my  Sentiments  to  M'^- 
Morgan  unadvis'd  in  any  respect  whatsoever;  Nay  the 
Personal  abuse  alluded  to  in  my  Petition  was  given  me 
before  I  Communicated  any  Particular  Circumstances 
relative  thereto,  &  till  then  did  not  think  matters  wou'd 
have  become  so  Serious. 

"I  shall  in  the  Course  of  the  proceedings  answer  any 
further  questions  the  Court  may  think  proper  to  ask  me  & 
Explain  whatever  may  not  appear  Clear  or  Satisfactory. 

(Sign'd)  Richard  Bacon."- 

"  Mr-  Bacon  also  presented  to  the  Court  a  Copy  of  the 
Articles  he,  (M""-  Bacon,)  had  made  objections  to,  and 
which  was  furnish'd  him  by  the  Court  the  preceding  day 
b)-  particular  desire  of  M""-  Morgan,  without  having  made 
any  Alteration  whatever  therein,  but  Submitted  the 
Charges  to  the  Determination  of  the  Court.  The  Court, 
after  weighing,  &  maturely  Considering  every  Charge, 
after  allowing  M""-  Bacon  every  Indulgence  Possible  De- 
ducted the  Sum  of  Two  Hundred  &  Seventy  Livres  which 
Sum  Mr.  Morgan  readily  agreed  to  give  M*"-  Bacon  Cred^- 
for,  &  gave  him  Credit  for  said  Sum  accordingly  in  his 
l^ooks,  before  the  Court.  M«".  Morgan  addressing  himself 
to  the  Court,  said  he  was  much  concern'd,  that  M*"-  Bacon 
h.id  not  pointed  out  those  Charges  before,  as  he  wou'd 
willingly  have  made  Deductions  wherever  M''-  Bacon 
thought  himself  Aggriev'd,  or  overcharg'd,  and  observ'd 
that  most  of  the  Charges  which  Mr-  Bacon  objected  to 
were  made  in  his  Absence,  which  Observation  Appeared 
manifestly  authentick  by  Mr-  Morgan's  Books. 

'  llndorsed :  "  The  Copy  of  Representation  of  matters  deliver'd  to  the 
Court  by  Mr.  Bacon  the  25th  Septr:  1770.     No.  2." 


3o6 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


•r' 

h 


,i 


\: 


if 


"Mr-  Bacon  dcsir'd  that  Mr-  Croghan  shou'd  be  Examiii'd, 
with  respect  to  the  Overchaige  of  Two  Horses,  Two  Oxen, 
&  one  cart  &  Geers,  which  Mr-  Morgan  had  Charg'd  him 
(Mr.  Bacon)  Eighteen  Hundred  Livres  for. 

"Mr-  Croghan,  being  ask'd  by  M"*-  Bacon  whether  La 
Source  did  not  offer  him  a  pair  of  Horses  &  a  Cart  & 
Gears  for  one  Thousand  Livres — Answered — 'La  Source 
did  offsr  me  a  pair  of  Horses  and  a  Cart  &  Geers  for  one 
Thousand  Livres,  and  at  tiie  same  Time  hinted  that  he 
wou'd  be  glad  to  get  a  Negro  for  said  Horses  &c,  &  pay 
the  difference.' 

"Another  Article  ^hiit  Mr-  Bacon  objected  to,  was  a 
Charge  of  Three  Thousand  &  Eighty  Livres,  Charg'd  by 
Mr-  Morgan  for  Twenty  Six  Head  of  Cattle,  Brought,  & 
Deiiver'd  him  at  the  Plantation  from  Post  S^-  Vincent. 

"The  Court  desir'd  Mr-  Winston  (Looking  upon  him  as 
a  Judge  of  those  Matters)  to  give  his  opinion  regarding 
the  prices  Mr-  Morgan  had  Char'd  Mr-  Bacon  for  said 
Cattle.  Mr.  Winston,  after  Examining  the  particular  prices 
Charged  by  Mr-  Morgan  for  the  Twenty  Six  head  of  Ca^ 
tie  Complain'd  of  by  Mr-  Bacon  said,  that,  he  thought  at 
the  Time  they  were  bought  by  Mr-  Morgan,  the  Charges 
were  very  moderate,  Viz.  at  one  hundred  &  Twenty  Li- 
vres pr.  head  for  Cows,  &  One  hundred  &  Eifty  Livres  for 
Ikillocks,  three  years  Old  and  upwards;  which  was  [what] 
Mr.  Morgan  had  Charg'd  Mr-  liacon,  as  appear'd  by  M'' 
Morgan's  Books.  Mr-  Winston  obscrv'd  to  the  Court,  that 
he  Spoke  from  Experience,  having  often  bought  Cattle  at 
Post  S'-  Vincent,  <fc  knew  the  Risque  and  trouble  of  get- 
ting them  drove  to  the  Illinois: — and  adds, — T  have  tux- 
self  paid  One  hundred  vV:  fifty  Livres  pr-  iicad  in  Specie,  at 
Post  St. Vincent  for  a  drove  of  Twenty  two  Oxen,  many 
of  'em  not  above  Three  years  old,  and  two  only  that  was 
full  grown  l^ullocks,'  and  Notwithstanding  the  T^xpence  of 
driving  them  from  thence  to  the  Illinois,  they  afforded  him 
A  Reasonable  profit. 


^"i^vtm 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS — COURT   OF   EXOUIRV. 


307 


"Question  proposed  by  M»^-  Bacon  to.  Mr-  Morgan: — 'You 
'11  be  so  kind  M^.  Winston  to  relate  to  the  Court  what 
pass'd  between  M'-  Morgan  &  me  at  the  plantation,  in  tlic 
latter  end  of  May  1769,  when  talking  about  the  improve- 
ments of  said  Plantation?' 

"Mr-   Winston. — 'All    that    I    rememl    r    is,    that    Mr- 
Bacon  was  proposing  to  M'"-  Morgan,  01   oreaking  up,  or 
Plowing  a  Piece  of   land,  to  the  Eastward  of   the   Land 
already  occupied — M"*-  Morgan  Reply'd,  that  he  thought  it 
was  too  late  in  the  Season — 'that  he  had  no  objection  to 
the  proposal,  &  recommended  him  to  proceed.'     M''-  Win- 
ston adds,  that  M''-  Bacon  at  the  same  time  was  talking  to 
M''  Morgan  about   fixing  a  Trough  at  the  Spring  where 
M'-  I'^lliott  is  now   Settled,  in  order  that  he  may  have  a 
Constant  Supply  of  water  for  his  Cattle,  to  which   Mr- 
Morgan  gave  his  Assent,  &  observ'd,  that  it  wou'd  keep 
his  Cattle  from  Rambling  into  the  woods  for  want  of  water 
—Mr-   Winston    also   observes,    that    he   understood    Mr- 
Bacon  had  leave,  to  occupy  any  Land  Contiguous  to  the 
Plantation,  either  upon  the  Hill,  or  in  the  Meadow. 

"Mr.  liacon  objected  against  a  Charge  of  Thirty  Seven 
Livres,  Ten  Sols  which  Mr-  Morgan  had  Charg'd  him  for 
Imvc  Sickles. 

"Tpon  referring  to  the  Books  of  Mr-  Morgan  the  Court 
found  the  Charge  was  made  in  his  Absence  by  Mr-  Tanle}- 
—  Tanley  being  sent  for.  Said,  he  never  Charg'd  Mr-  Bacon 
(Vjicrwise,  than  at  the  Common  Rates  &  Customs  of  the 
Country — the  Court  was  then  Clear'd. 

"Aiul  after  having  well  Consider'd  this  matter.  Unani- 
mously Agreed  to  allow  iho  Charge  of.   Thirty  seven   Li- 
vios.  Ten  Sols   for  the  five  Sickles  as  it  appear'd   in   Mr. 
Morgan's  Books.     The  Court  Admitted  all  Parties. 

"Mr-  l^acon,  then  Objected  to  a  Charge  made  by  Mr- 
Miip^an,  of  One  Hundred  &  Si.xty  Livres  for  Two  Hoggs, 
lM)n.;lit  frotn  One,  Goho,  &  .Sent  to  Mr.  I^acon's  Plantation. 


]ir 


308 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


I    ■ 


'i   I, 


ll 


M«"-  Bacon  Observing  that  he  is  Positive  ho  never  ReceivVl 
said  Two  Hoggs  nor  does  he  know  anything  of  them. 

"M«".  Morgan  beg'd  Leave  to  refer  to  his  Books,  &  M'. 
Brown  being  Call'd  upon  who  Keeps  M^.  Morgan's  Books, 
(ifc  in  whose  hand  writing  this  Charge  was  made)  Sa}s, 
that  he  Cou'd  Almost  Swear  to  the  Varacity  &  Correct- 
ness of  Ml-  Morgan's  Books,  &  also  says  that  he  is  well 
Convinc'd  Mr-  Bacon  wou'd  not  have  been  Charg'd  with 
the  Two  Hoggs  in  question,  had  he  not  rcceiv'd  them.  As 
the  Entries  in  the  different   Books  was   Extreamly  Clear. 
^  without  any  kind  of  Erasement  the  Court  Admitted  t!  e 
Charge  without  Deduction.     M"".  Bacon,  by  a  Paper  iJ^ 
liver'd    to    the    Court    this    morning    (which    is    herewith 
Annex'd)  Complains  of  Mr-  Morgan  Detaining  at  Kaskas- 
kia  a  Negroe  man  that  belong'd  to  the  Plantation.     Mr 
Morgan,  Addressing  himself  to  the  Court  Says   that  the 
Negroe  man  alluded  to  by  M»"-  Bacon,  had  run  away  frof^^ 
him  (Ml"-  Bacon)  several  times  &  Said  it  was  owing  to  the 
Barbarous  treatment  he  had  at  Different  times  Receive! 
from  Mr.  Bacon,  &  had  Declar'd  to  him  (M^-  Morgan)  that 
he  wou'd  never  live  with  M^-  Bacon.     M""-  Mogan  proceeds, 
&  Says,  that  in  the  month  of  June  1769,  said  Negroe  ran 
away,  and  Stayd  Some  days — Upon  being  found,  and  an 
attempt  being  made  to  Secure  him,   He  Stabbed  himself 
in  Two  places,  and  Declar'd  Again  that  he  wou'd  Soonei- 
kill  himself  than  go  back  to  Bacon.     But  he  wou'd  live 
with  any  other  Person,  <S}  Shou'd  be  glad  to  be  Sold  to  any 
of  the  French  people.   He  However  was  Seiz'd  upon,  bound 
tV:  Brought  to  Fort  Chartres,  where  Doctor  Thomason,  at- 
tended him,  and  made  A  Cure  of  his  wounds.     He  \' as 
then  prevailed  upon  to  go  back  to  live  with  M""-  Bacon  A: 
Continued  with  him  till  near  Christmas  when  he  again  ran 
away  from  the  Plantation,  &  was  found  in  the  Month  of 
June  or  July  last,  by  the  Kaskaskia  Indians,  who  was  out 
upon  a  Praire  a  Hunting  about  one  hundred   Miles  from 


■"^wik. 


t«t 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS — COURT   OF   ENOUIRV 


309 


the  Village  of  Kaskaskia.     Said  Ncgroc  was  then  almost 
Dead;  had  no  arms  with  him  of  any  kind,  but  a  knife  ife 
that  a  bad  one.     Upon   his   being  brought  to  me  by  the 
Aforesaid  Indians,  he  appcar'd  to  have  a  Complaint  in  his" 
throat  which   threatened  his   life.     The   Indians  told  mc 
they  Imagin'd  it  must  have  proceeded  from  his  ICating  a 
number  of  Rattle  Snakes,  the  Small  bones  of  which  hav- 
ing Stuck  in  his  throat,  &  being  altogether  Mxpos'd  to  the 
Inclemency  of    the   Weather,  I   was    therefore   under  the 
necessity  of  taking  particular  Care  of  him,  with  regard  to 
Diet  as  well  as  Cloathing  by  which  means  I  have  almost 
rcstor'd  to  his  wonted  health.     But  notwithstanding  this 
he  Still  Declares,  that  he'll  Destroy  himself  shou'd  he  be 
'   back  to  the  Plantation. — And  Also  Says — that  the 
Indians  that  brought  said  Negroe  to  me,  Demanded  of  me- 
Four  hundred    Dollars.     But   since   that   time   they   have 
C'^nsented  to  take  one  hundred  <k  Fifty  Dollars,  which  Sum 
ney  now  have  of  mine  in  their  hands  &  do  retain  it  on 
th;it  acc^-       I  therefore  iatend  that  said   Negroe  shall  be 
sold  at  Publick  Vendue  for  the  benefit  of  the  Plantation — 
this  M"^-  Bacon   Agreed    to.     The   Court  adjourns  till  to 
morrow  morning  Nine  of  the  Clock  when  all  J'artics  w.th 
their  Iwidences  will  Attend." 

"Wednesday  September  26th  1770.  The  Court  I'ursu- 
ant  to  adjournment  met  this  morning  at  Nine  of  the 
Clock,  but  cou'd  not  proceed  to  business,  as  M*"-  Morgan  tk 
I'.vidences  did  not  appear,  therefore  Adjourn'd  till  to  mor- 
row morning  at  Nine  of  the  Clock,  being  Thursday  the 
27th  of  September." 

'Thursday  September  the  27''!  1770.     The  Court  met 
this  morning  at  nine  of  the  Clock  pursuant  to  adjournmt. 
M'  Bacon  deliverd  a  written  paper  to  the  Court  which  is 
herewith    annex'd    &    which    the   Judge  Advocate    Read 
rublickly  in  Court,  all  Parties  being  Present,  [as  follows:] 


('^ 


(■■ 


i 


I. 


I 


ill 


:(' 


*  > 


i  / 


310 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


"Representations"  by  Mr.  Bacon. 

"Gentlemen — With  all  defiferfence  and  respect  I  must  once 
more  Entreat  your  forgiveness  in  observing  that  the  point- 
ing out  the  Bounds  of  M«".  Morgan's  purchase  of  Seven 
Acres  can  have  nothing  to  do  with  the  nature  of  my  Com- 
plaint. In  the  first  place,  there  is  no  bounds  mention'd  in 
tiie  Articles,  and  Mr-  Morgan  never  pointed  out  this  place 
to  nie  before;  had  he  told  me  to  have  Cultivated  that  Spot 
at  first  I  shou'd  Certainly  have  done  it  &u  not  have  throw  n 
away  my  time  »fc  labour  upon  a  place  which  at  that  Time 
at  least  did  not  belong  to  him.  Notwithstanding  this  I 
again  declare  that  he  told  me  to  built  «k:  Improve  where  I 
have. 

•'With  respect  to  the  General  Charges  of  the  Slave 
either  of  Fort  Chartres  or  Kaskaskias  I  dont  urge  that  as 
a  matter  of  Consequence,  tho  M«".  Morgan  is  a  great  gainer 
thereby,  I  allude  to  Some  Particular  «&:  Extraordinar\ 
ones,  purchases  made  by  that  Gentleman. 

"  Mr-  Tanley  no  doubt  Chai-g'd  me  as  he  did  other 
people  &  had  a  view  naturally  to  the  Interest  of  his 
Employers,  he  himslf  cou'd  reap  no  benefit  thereby,  In 
Short  may  it  please  this  Honourable  Court  I  have  said  iS: 
deliver'd  in  writing  all  that  I  have  at  present  to  Say  upon 
the  Subject,  which  you  will  no  doubt  take  into  your  Con- 
sideration «S:  Submit  the  Same  to  your  Impartial  Judi;- 
ment.  Concluding  with  this  declaration  that  I  shall  Come 
To  no  Compromise  with  Mr-  Morgan,  who  tho  he  pretends 
to  Say  he  will  yet  make  things  Satisfactory,  has  as  I  have 
observ'd  before  put  me  off  from  time  to  time  &  abus'd  me 
for  Demands  So  Jiust  and  reasonable. 

"With  respect  to  the  Indians  owing  Mr-  Morgan  Money 
I  see  no  Reason  why  my  property  Shou'd  Suffer  in  Secur- 
ing it. 

"One   Frederick    Dunfield   a    Butcher   came   from    M' 
Morgan's  to  the  plantation  to  kill  some  Oxen   for  me.  iV 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY. 


311 


told  me  that  he  had  kill'd  some  Cattle  for  M>".  Morgan.  I 
ask'd  him  where  he  got  them,  he  told  me  from  Beauvais,  I 
ask'd  him  what  Sort  of  Cattle  they  were,  he  told  me  that 
one  was  a  very  large  Ox  that  had  a  piece  of  wood  on  his 
liorns,  &  that  the  others  was  a  Black  Cow,  &  a  black  and 
white  Cow, — About  four  or  five  months  after  I  went  Down 
to  Settle  with  Mr-  Morgan  &  in  the  Credit  of  his  accot- 
I  did  not  See  the  Above  Cattle  Enter'd,  &  then  Immedi- 
ately told  him  that  he  had  not  given  me  Credit  for  all  the 
Cattle  he  had  kil'd;  he  ask'd  me  what  Cattle  they  were; 
I  told  him  some  of  them  he  bought  of  Beauvais,  he  told 
mc  he  had  never  kil'd  one  of  them,  I  desird  him  to  let  Mr, 
Brown  go  with  me  to  M""-  Beauvais  &  perhaps  they  might 
know  Something  about  them,  which  he  did  &  they  told 
him  Mr-  Morgan  had  kill'd  the  Ox  with  the  wood  on  his 
horn,  &  as  to  the  Cow  or  any  more  they  knew  nothing 
About;  We  went  back  to  Mr-  Morgan  &  told  him  what 
they  had  told  us,  upon  that  M""-  Morgan  gave  Credit  for 
the  Ox,  &  the  Cow  was  Set  down  Stray'd. 

"  I  am  Gentlemen  with  many  unfeign'd  thanks  for  the 
trouble  you  have  had  in  this  Affair,  with  the  utmost 
respect.   Your  most  Oblig'd  &  most  Obcd^-  hum'^le  Servant. 

Sign'd    RiCHi^-  Bacon."* 

"In  a  Paper  Deliver'd  to  the  Court  by  Mr  Bacon  the 
25iliSeptemr-  He  there  Complains  of  An  Ox,  which  M' 
Morgan  had  Detain'd  from  him  in  the  following  words — 
'but  what  is  most  notorious  is  that  he  is  now  in  Posses- 
sion of  An  Ox  Charg'd  to  the  plantation  last  Year  Among 
the  Twenty  Six  head  of  Cattle  which  I  rcceiv'd  from  Post 
St  X'incent,  which  as  yet  he  has  made  no  mention  of  to 
me,  now  if  this  is  true,  what  woud  Such  a  Clandestine 
Detention,  Amount  to  in  Any  Other  Man — and  a  Poor 
line  too.' 

*  "TIr'  Copy  of  Representation  of  Matters  Deliver'd  to  the  Court  the  27th 
>i'ptenil)«f  1770.     (Sign'd)  Richard  Bacot,  No.  3." 
21-34-6 


v.; 
I  ■ 


(.! 


w 


312 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


1' 


|i 

l-ii 


"Question  propos'd  by  the  Court  to  M""-  Bacon: — 'Did 
You  M»-  Bacon  point  out  the  Ox  Complain'd  of?  or  Did 
you  ever  Demand  him  of  M«".  Morgan?' 

"Mr-  Bacon. — *No, — I  never  did.' 

"Court. — 'Did  you  M""-  Bacon  ever  hear  that  M>"-  Mor- 
Sfan  used  means  or  endeavour'd  to  use  Means  to  Conceal 
this  0.x  from  you?' 

"M'-  Bacon. — 'By  no  other  way,  than  by  what  Mr-  Elli- 
ott told  me. '  c 

"Court. — 'Mr-  Elliott  please  relate  to  the  Court,  what 
you  know,  Concerning  the  Ox  Alluded  to  by  Mr-  Bacon, 
&  which  is  now  in  Possession  of  M'-  Morgan?' 

"Mr-  Elliott. — 'I  went  down  by  M""-  Morgan's  request  to 
Kaskaskia  to  Look  at  some  Cattle  which  M'-  Morgan  pro- 
pos'd Selling  to  me.  Among  the  Cattle  there  was  one 
which  Mr.  [Morgan]  Excepted,  as  he  said  he  Imagin'd  he 
wou'd  run  away,  as  he  had  already  made  his  Escape  twice 
from  [those]  he  had  Appointed  to  drive  him.  Some  little 
Time  after  I  came  home  to  my  plantation,  Mr.  Bacon  came 
there  &  Describ'd  a  Number  of  Cattle  which  he  had  lost, 
and  amongst  them  One,  very  much  like  the  Ox  above  ex- 
cepted by  Mr-  Morgan,  I  told  Mr-  Bacon,  that  it  was  very 
probable,  that  this  might  be  the  Ox,  Especially  as  Mr. 
Morgan  excepted  Selling  of  him.  I  alsohear'd,  but  not  from 
Mr-  Morgan,  that  Mr.  Morgan  intended  to  kill  Said  Ox.' 

"Court  to  Mr- Bacon. — 'Did  you  Mr.  Bacon,  in  Conse- 
quence of  the  Information  given  you  by  Mr-  Elliott,  go  down 
to  Kaskaskia  to  Inquire  After  this  Ox  of  Mr-  Morgan?' 

"Mr.  Bacon. — 'I  went  down  to  see  if  it  was  the  Same  ( ^v 
but  did  not  Inquire  after  him.' 

"Court. — 'Where  was  the  Ox  when  you  saw  him?' 

"M'-  Bacon. — 'He  was  in  the  Yard  with  the  rest  of  the 
Cattle.' 

"Court. — 'Where  do  you  apprehend,  Mr-  Bacon,  the  <>x 
was  when  you  first  went  to  look  after  him?' 


•MMHWa 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY.  313 

"M''-  Bacon. — 'I  don't  know.' 

"Court. — *\Vhat  time  of  the  day  was  it,  when  you  first 
went  to  look  After  the  OkT 

"Mr-  Bacon. — 'It  was  about  an  hour  and  a  half  or  two 
hours  before  Sun  Set.' 

"Court. — *\Vhen  you  knew  the  Ox  to  be  yours,  Mr. 
r.acon,  why  did  you  not  demand  him  of  Mr-  Morgan.?' 

"Mr.  Bacon. — 'The  Reason  I  did  not  demand  him,  was, 
that  I  had  found  Colonel  Wilkins  had  ordered  a  Court  of 
liK[uiry  to  Sit  to  Settle  matters  between  Mr-  Morgan  & 
mc;' 

"Mr.  Morgan  Address'd  himself  to  the  Court  &  Said, 
tliat  when  Ensign  Hutchins  &  Ens.  Richardson  was  at  my 
liDuse,  at  Kaskaskia,  whither  or  not  they  think  I  took 
l)ains  to  Conceal  that  Ox;  on  the  Contrary,  if  he  was  not 
always  with  the  rest  of  the  Cattle;  and  as  he  was  a  very 
Fat  Ox,  if  all  of  us  were  not  making  remarks  upon  him.? 

"I'nsign  Hutchins,  &  Ens:  Richardson,  said — that  they 
saw  that  Ox  in  Common  with  the  others  &  that  they  were 
making  Remarks  with  Mr-  Morgan  on  his  Fatness: — and 
l>.s:  Hutchins  adds  that  he  understood  him  to  be  a  Run 
away,  he  (Ens:  Hutchins)  advis'd  Mr-  Morgan  to  kill  him, 
as  he  was  in  such  high  Condition.  On  which  Mr-  Morgan 
said  he  wou'd.  Ens.  Richardson  observ'd  that  Mr-  Morgan 
told  him,  he  had  made  a  Calculation,  to  find,  if  he  cou'd 
l)c  dispos'd  of  at  Kaskaskia  &  Sent  his  Brother  in  Law 
AI'  Hoynton  to  sound  the  Inclination  of  the  French  People 
-but  as  they  were  not  dispos'd  to  Buy,  was  under  the 

ccssity  of  letting  him  Run." 

Mr-  Morgan  observ'd  to  the  Court,  that  on  Mr-  Bacon 
I'elivering  the  Annex'd  paper  to  the  Court,  wherein  he 
<  tuplains  heavily  of  him  (Mr.  Morgan)  Detaining  the  Ox 
in  'juestion,  he  went  down  to  Kaskaskia  to  Inquire  into 
■he  I'ruth  of  it,  he  being  entirely  Ignorant  of  the  matter, 
t  being  the  first  time  that  ever  Mr-  Bacon  mention'd  the 


5' 

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314 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


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matter  to  him.  Upon  Inquiring  of  a  French  Man  who 
brought  him  from  Post  S^-  Vincent,  He  found  that  the  Ox- 
had  been  deHver'd  to  Mr-  Bacon  at  the  Plantation ;  Mi 
Morgan  proceeds  &  Says — 'I  therefore  intend  to  Sell  him 
for  the  most  I  can  get,  or  take  him  on  my  own  Account 
&  sfive  the  Plantation  Credit  for  the  Value.' 

"Mr.  Bacon  to  Mr- Brown. — 'Did  M""-  Brown  never  tell 
Mr-  Morgan,  that  I  had  lost  Cattle,  &  that  they  were 
Stray'd  to  Post  St-  Vincent,^' 

"Mr.  Brown.— 'I  told  Mr-  Morgan,  that  Mr- Bacon  had 
lost  Seven  or  Eight  Cattle,  out  of  the  Twenty  Six  head  of 
Cattle  he  had  receiv'd  from  Post  S^-  Vincent  &  Several 
Others.' 

"Mr.  Bacon. — 'Whether  you  Mr.  Brown  did  not  tell  mc, 
that  this  very  Ox  in  Question  had  Stray'd  to  Post  St.  Vin- 
cent.-*' 

"Mr.  Brown. — 'I  do  not  remember  [that]  I  did.  I  did 
not  particularize  any  Ox.' 

"Mr.  Bacon. — 'What  is  the  reason,  Mr.  Morgan,  on  yoiir 
Receiving  the  last  drove  "of  Cattle  from  Post  St.  Vincent 
you  did  not  acquaint  mc  of  it  particularly,  when  you  knew 
you  had  receiv'd  all  the  Cattle  but  four  that  were  Missini;?' 

"Mr.  Morgan. — 'I  Knew  that  you  Mr.  Bacon  cou'd  he 
no  Stranger  to  their  Arrival,  as  it  was  Notorious,  thro  the 
Country,  Also  I  had  Seen  Mr.  Bacon  Viewing  of  the 
Cattle  on  Saturday  the  22d  Instant,  which  was  the  fiiit 
time  I  had  Seen  Mr.  Bacon  after  their  Arrival.' 

"xMr.  Bacon  to  Mr.  Elliott. —  'Did  I  not  tell  you  Mr. 
Elliott,  that  I  had  lost  Several  Cattle,  &  that  I  heard  one 
of  them  had  Stray'd  to  Post  St.  Vincent. !*' 

"Mr.  Elliott.— 'Yes,  you  did  tell  me  so.' 

"Mr.  Bacon  to  Anto.  Renaue. — 'How  many  head  of 
Cattle  was  it,  that  Mr.  Morgan  Order'd  you  to  bring  from 
Post  St.  V^incent,  the  last  time  you  went  there.^' 

"Anto:  Renaue. — 'I  had  orders  from    Mr.  Morgan,  to 


1- 


URITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY. 


315 


bring  all  the  Cattle   I  cou'd  find  of   His.     I  found  Ten 
which  I  brought  &  heard  that  four  had  died.' 

"Bacon. — 'Did  you  understand  that  Fourteen  Cattle 
was  all  that  Mr.  Morgan  had  at  Post  St.  Vincent.?' 

"Anto:  Renaue. — 'I  understood  from  the  people  that 
deliver'd  them  to  me  that  Mr.  Morgan  had  no  more  than 
fourteen  head  of  Cattle  at  Post  St.  Vincent.  One  of  the 
Ten  above  mention'd  was  Drown'd  in  Crossing  the  Kas- 
kaskia  River.' 

"Mr.  Bacon  to  Mr.  Morgan. — 'Did  you  Mr.  Morgan 
never  hear,  or  receive  any  Account  of  the  Two  Cows 
Charg'd  to  the  plantation,  which-you  bought  from  Madam 
Xichola.?' 

"Mr.  Morgan.— 'I  Dont  Recollect  I  ever  did,  but  it  shall 
be  Enquir'd  into  &  Justice  done.' 

"Mr.  Bacon  to  Antoine  LaSource. — 'What  Value  do  you 
put  on  the  two  Oxen,  Two  Horses,  &  one  Cart  &  Gears; 
at  the  time  that  Mr.  Morgan  made  the  Exchange  with  you 
for  a  Negroe.-*' 

"Monsr.  LaSource. — 'I  fix'd  no  particular  Value  on  the 
Two  Oxen,  Two  Horses,  &  Cart  &  Gears.  But  Excang'd 
them  with  Mr.  Morgan  for  a  Negroe,  which  negroe  I  had 
my  Choice  of  from  four  or  five,  or  more.' 

"Mr.  Bacon. — 'Did  you  Monsr.  LaSource  look  upon  the 
Net,rroe  you  Receiv'd  from  Mr.  Morgan,  to  be  a  Sound 
Xt'L^roe,  &  in  health,  &  worth  Eighteen  hundred  Livres.?' 

"Monsr.  LaSource. — 'I  had  him  Examin'd  by  Monsr. 
Bluen.  I  look'd  upon  him  as  a  Sound  good  Negroe,  and 
well  worth  PZighteen  hundred  Livres,  as  Negroes  Com- 
monly Sold  at  that  time  for  Two  Thousand  Livres.' 

"Mr.  Morgan  to  LaSource. — 'Please  relate  to  the  Court 
Monsr.  La  Source,  how  this  Negroe  turn'd  out,  and  how 
you  are  now  pleas'd  with  him.''' 

"Monsr.  La  Source. — 'I  never  wou'd  desire  a  better 
Xci^foe  than  he  has  turn'd  out  to  be,  and  am  now  Ex- 


■  )\ 


316 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


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trcamly  well  plcas'd  with  the  bargain  I  made  with  Mr. 
Morgan.' 

"Mr.  Bacon  to  Monsr.  La  Source. — 'What  Age  was  tho 
Cattle,  and  what  did  you  value  them  at,  that  Mr.  Morgan 
got  from  you  for  the  Negroe.^' 

"Monsr.  La  Source. — 'I  Cannot  put  A  Value  upon  them 
at  this  Time  as  I  put  no  value  upon  them  at  the  Time  I 
agreed  with  Mr.  Morgan.  I  Exchang'd  them  for  a  Negroc 
with  Mr.  Morgan  which  he  likewise  set  no  Value  Upon. 
The  Cattle  was  between  three  tt  four  years  old.' 

"Mr.  Bacon  to  Mons.  La  Source. — 'Did  you  not  Monsr. 
LaSourse  pay  Mr.  Morgan  some  difference  regarding  the 
Exchange  you  made  with  him  for  the  Negroe.^' 

"Monsr.  La  Source. — 'No.  Nothing  at  all.  But  on  tlic 
Contrary  Mr.  Morgan  gave  me  One  Hundred  &  Fifteen 
Livres  &  a  Side  of  Tanned  Leather  Value  Thirty  Livres.' 

"This  appears  to  be  a  very  just  &  Impartial  Account  of 
the  matter,  as  appears  by  Mr.  Morgan's  Books,  also  by  a 
Bill  of  Sale  &  Receipt  which  is  as  follows: 

"'I  Certify  that  I  have  Bought  &  Receiv'd  of  Monsr, 
Antoine  La  Source  Two  Oxen,  Two  Horses  with  a  Cart 
&  Gears,  for  which  I  have  paid  and  deliverd  to  him  one 
Male  Negroe  &  one  hundred  &  Fifteen  Livres  on  account. 
30th  April  1768.  Geo.  Morgan.' 

"By  a  Paper  deliver'd  to  the  Court  this  morning  which 
is  herewith  Annex'd,  &  which  was  Publickly  Read  by  tin; 
Judge  Advocate,  All  Parties  being  present;  Mr.  Bacon 
there  Says — 'Mr.  Morgan,  who,  tho  he  pretends  to  say,  he 
will  yet  make  things  Satisfactory,  has  as  I  have  observe! 
before,  put  me  off  from  time  to  time  and  Abus'd  me  for 
Demands  so  Just  and  Reasonable.'  Three  letters  being 
produc'd  in  Court  by  Mr.  Bacon,  Wrote  to  him  by  Mr. 
Morgan.  Said  Letters  by  the  request  of  Mr.  Bacon  were 
Publickly  read  in  Court  by  the  Judge  Advocate.  It  ap- 
pear'd  to  the  Court  that  they  abounded  with  the  most 


'-H**^'^ 


I 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENOUIRV. 


317 


wliolcsome  »fc;  Good  advice  to  Mr.  Bacon;  and  Clearly 
indicated  that  Mr.  Morgan  wish'd  to  Settle  the  Plantation 
Accots.  with  him  as  soon  as  Possible. 

"Mr.  Morgan  inform'd  the  Court  that  Mr.  l<:iliott  was 
{)rcsent  when  he  Impress'd  a  Settlement  of  Accounts  with 
'S\\:  Bacon,  <k  desir'd  that  Mr.  Elliott  wou'd  relate  to  the 
Court  what  he  heard  pass  between  them  —  Mr.  Morgan 
&  Mr.  Bacon. 

"Mr.  Elliott  Says,  that  he  was  at  Mr.  Bacon's  one  Even- 
ing with  Mr.  Morgan,  about  three  weeks  or  a  month  after 
he  arriv'd  in  this  Country.  He  heard  Mr.  Morgan  and  Mr. 
Bacon  talking  about  the  Cattle  they  had  lost,  &  that  Mr. 
Morgan  Said  to  Mr.  Bacon,  that  he  shou'd  not  be  Easy, 
before  he  knew  how  the  Accounts  of  the  Plantation  stood. 
Mr.  Elliott  adds,  that  he  told  Mr.  Bacon,  that  he  heard 
Mr.  Morgan  Say,  that  if  any  of  the  Articles  in  the  Accounts 
between  Mr.  Bacon  &  him  we»e  overcharg'd,  he  shoud  be 
very  happy  to  rectify  them,  and  make  every  allowance  to 
Mr.  Bacon  that  was  reasonable.  The  Court  adjourns  on 
Acct.  of  Ens.  ConoUy  being  taken  Sick,  till  nine  oclock  to 


morrow  mornmg. 


"Friday  the  20th  September  1770.  The  Court  met 
agreeable  to  adjournment  &  on  account  of  some  of  the 
Members  being  Sick,  The  Court  is  adjourn'd  till  Monday 
next  the  ist  of  October,  when  they  will  meet  at  nine  of 
the  Clock." 

"Monday  the  1st  of  October  1770.  The  Court  met  this 
day  pursuant  to  adjournment  at  9  of  the  Clock.  Mr. 
Bacon  Observ'd  to  the  Court  that  in  Consequence  of  a 
Letter  he  had  receiv'd  from  Mr.  Morgan,  desiring  him 
(Mr,  Bacon)  to  send  Mr.  Morgan,  an  Exact  State  of  the 
Stock,  utensils  of  Husbandry  &c;  on  the  plantation: — 
That  he  (Mr.  Bacon)  on  Receiving  said  Letter  did  send  an 
Inventory  of  every  thing  on  the  plantation  about  Six 
Weeks  3.^0:    and   that   he  went  sometime   afterwards   on 


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purpose  to  obtain  a  Settlem't  with  Mr.  Morgan,  but  coud 
not  accomplish  it. 

"Mr.  Morgan  says  in  answer  to  what  Mr.  Bacon  hath 
above  asserted,  That  Mr.  Bacon  did  come  down  to  Kas- 
kaskia,  but  he  never  Asked  or  Demanded  A  Settlement 
with  him. 

"Mr.  Bacon  to  Mr.  Elliott. — 'Did  not  you  understand 
that  when  you  and  I  went  down  to  Kaskaskia,  about  three 
weeks  or  a  month  ago,  that  I  went  on  purpose  to  Settle 
Accots.  with  Mr.  Morgan.?' 

"Mr.  Elliott. — 'I  heard  you  Say  so.  But  at  the  Same 
time  I  understood  from  Mr.  Morgan,'  that  you  ask'd  nor 
demand'^d  no  Settlement  with  him.* 

'Mr  Morgan. — 'Did  you  Mr.  Elliott  hear  Mr.  Bacon 
request  to  Settle  Accots.  with  me}' 

"Mv.  Elliott— 'I  did  not' 

"Mr.  Morgan. — 'Did  I  not  Mr.  Bacon  on  or  about  the 
1 2th  of  September  last  ask  you  whether  or  not  you  had 
brought  your  Books  or  accounts  in  order  to  have  a  Settle- 
ment?' 

"Mr.  Bacon. —  'You  did,  the  day  after  I  lodged  my 
Complaint  with  Colo.  Wilkins,  I  at  the  same  time  told  you 
that  I  did  not  think  it  worth  my  while  to  bring  the  accounts 
down,  having  used  me  so  ill  Some  time  before.' 

"Mr.  Bacon  to  Mr.  Elliott. — 'Do  you  not  think  it  is  of 
great  prejudice  to  me,  that  you  are  Settled  so  near  meV 

"Mr.  Elliott— 'I  Dont  think  that  I  can  be  of  the  least 
prejudice  to  you  unless  the  land  I  am  Settled  upon  belongs 
to  your  Plantation. — if  this  is  the  Case  I  must  be  of  great 
prejudice  to  you.' 

"Bacon  to  Elliott. — 'Did  you  not  hear  Mr.  Morgan  ask 
me  where  his  land  terminated  towards  the  East,  in  the 
Grand  Prairie.?' 

"Mr.  Elliott. — 'I  heard  Mr.  Morgan  risk  Mr  Bacon  where 
the  bounds  of  the  land  was,  but  whither  Mr.  Morgan  said 


■-•■iTaiKf-* 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— COUIvi'  OF   ENQUIRY. 


319 


our  Lands,  or  his  Lands,  I  cannot  Recollect.  Mr.  Bacon 
pointed  to  a  bunch  of  Trees,  which  stands  in  the  Grand 
I'rairie,  and  said  that  was  the  place  which  you  (meaning 
Mr.  Morgan)  told  me  was  the  Boundaries  on  that  quarter 
sometime  before.' 

"Mr.  Morgan  Observes  to  the  Court  that  the  Bunch  of 
Trees  which  Mr.  Bacon  alludes  to,  is  the  Estern  Boundary 
of  his  Second  Purchase. 

"Mr.  Morgan  produc  d  to  the  Court  a  Recorded  Deed 
Dated  the  loth  of  March  1760,  for  the  plantation  on  which 
he  Settled  Mr.  Bacon;  by  which  it  appears  that  said  plan- 
tation contains  no  more  than  Seven  Square  Acres  in 
Front. 

"Mr.  Bacon  being  ask'd  by  the  Court,  whether  he  had 
any  more  questions  to  propose,  or  any  more  Evidences  to 
Examine — Answd:  he  had  not. 

"Mr.  Morgan  to  Mr.  Elliott. — 'Did  I  not  express  my 
Surprise  at  Mr.  Bacon,  for  Building  his  Barn  where  he 
has,  during  my  Absence,  the  first  time  you  &  I  went  to 
the  Plantation,  after  our  Arrival  in  the  Illinois.?* 

"Mr.  Elliott. — 'You  did,  and  also  said,  that  Mr.  Bacon 
must  put  a  Value  upon  the  Improvements,  as  that  was  the 
Land  you  intended  to  Settle  me  upon.' 

"Mr.  Morgan  Desires  that  the  Court  will  allow  Mr.  Elli- 
ott to  relate,  what  Mr.  Bacon  told  him  relative  to  what  a 
Certain  Gentleman  told  Mr.  Bacon  about  Mr.  Morgan 
bringing  him  (Mr.  Elliott)  to  this  Country  on  purpose  to 
Enslave  him,  as  well  as  he  had  already  done  Mr.  Bacon ; 
\:  if  said.  Certain  Gentleman  had  not  declar'd,  that  neither 
he  [Mr.  Bacon]  nor  Mr.  Elliott  wou'd  ever  get  a  Six  pence 
for  their  Labour;  and  also  what  Proposals  you  receiv'd 
from  said  Certain  Gentleman,  by  Mr.  Bacon. 

"Mr.  Elliott. — 'Sometime  after  I  came  to  this  Country, 
I  happen'd  to  Call  upon  Mr.  Bacon.  Walking  with  him  in 
the  Garden  Mr.  Bacon  told  me  that  Mr.  Humsey  had  been 


tmrnmS^SSi 


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320 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


'\i 


with  him  sometime  before,  &  told  him  that  he  wou'd  not 
make  so  much  of  the  Plantation  as  he  might  Imagine- 
that  when  his  accounts  came  to  be  Settled,  that  he  wou'd 
have  but  a  very  Small  Balance  to  receive  &c ;  Mr.  liacon 
told  me  that  Mr.  Rumsey  had  Enquir'd  of  him  on  what 
Terms  I  was  Settled  on  the  Lands  I  now  Occupy.  Mr. 
Bacon  told  him  he  did  not  know,  Mr.  Rumsey  answd.  that 
Mr.  Morgan's  Intention  was  only  to  get  Some  Work  out 
of  me,  and  that  was  all  I  need  to  Expect.  Mr.  Bacon  at 
the  same  time  Seem'd  to  think,  that  what  Mr.  Rumsc\- 
might  have  said,  might  be  merely  out  of  Pique  or  resent- 
ment to  Mr.  Morgan,  as  he  was  Informd  they  had,  had 
some  Difference  sometime  before.' 

'"Mr.  Bacon  &  I  had  a  good  deal  of  discourse  concernini; 
this  matter,  &  mutually  agreed  not  to  pay  attention  to 
Such  reports,  till  we  had  some  more  substantial  proofs  of 
Mr.  Morgan's  Designs  against  us:  Mr.  Elliott  also  Says  that 
about  two  weeks  ago  Mr.  Bacon  Came  to  him,  with  a 
Verbal  message  from  Colonel  Wilkins — telling  him  that 
Colo.  Wilkins  desir'd  I  woud  leave  the  Plantation  Immedi- 
ately, Mr.  Morgan  having  no  right  to  Settle  me  thereon, 
I  had  not  an  Oportunity  of  waiting  immediately  on  Colo- 
nel Wilkins.  Mr.  Bacon  Came  to  me  too  days  after,  A: 
told  me  that  he  had  come  with  a  Second  Verbal  messa<^c 
from  Colo.  Wilkins  &  that  the  Colonel  desir'd  him  to  tdl 
me,  that  he  had  done  me  the  honour  to  warn  me  A  Second 
time,  to  leave  the  Plantation;  and  that  if  I  did  not  remo\c 
Instantly,  he  (the  Colonel)  wou'd  send  a  party  of  Soldier-^ 
•&  take  what  property  I  had  from  me.  Mr.  Bacon  likewise 
told  me,  that  he  had  Seen  an  Order  in  writing  from  Colo- 
nel Wilkins  in  the  Possession  of  Mr.  Rumsey  to  turn  nic 
off  said  Plantation.  Mr.  Bacon  also  told  me  a  few  da\  s 
before  that  he  had  seen  a  permission  in  writing  that  CoIm 
Wilkins  had  given  to  Mr.  Rumsey,  Sign'd  by  the  Colo  > 
own  hand,  giving  him  full  possession  of  the  Lands  I  am 


r.RITISlI    ILLINOIS — COURT   OF    ENOUIRY. 


321 


now  Settled  upon — And  that  this  permission  extended  to 
A  Run  about  half  a  mile  East  from  where  I  am  Settled, 
to  another  Run,  on  the  west  of  where  Mr.  Bacon  lives,  on 
the  Land  towards  the  liack  of  the  Roches.  I  asked  Mr. 
Uacon  if  he  was  Certain  of  this.  He  answerd  me — that 
he  was  Very  Certain,  for  he  had  the  permission  in  his  hand 
j  writing]  &  that  he  read  it,' 

'"Mr.  Bacon  likewise  acquainted  me  that  Mr.  Rumsey  had 
asked  of  him,  if  ever  he  had  told  me,  that  he  (Mr,  Rum- 
sjy)  was  in  possession  of  Such  an  Order  or  Permission. 
Mr.  Bacon  told  Mr.  Rumsey  that  he  had  not  Spoke  to  me 
About  it,  Mr,  Rumsey  then  told  Mr,  Bacon  that  he  might 
tell  me,  that  he  (Mr,  Rumsey)  had  such  an  Order,  or  Per- 
mission in  his  possession.  Mr.  Rumsey  at  the  same  time  it 
seems  lixpress'd  his  Concern  for  my  being  put  to  So  much 
Inconvenience  &  Distress,  &  said  that  he  wou'd  do  me  the 
favour  to  Apply  to  Colonel  Wilkins  for  any  Tract  of  Land 
that  was  not  already  possessed;  and  that  as  I  had  Come 
into  the  Country,  on  purpose  to  Settle,  that  he  wou'd  fur- 
nish me  with  money,  or  any  Necessarys  that  I  requir'd  till 
Such  Time  as  I  cou'd  Conveniently  pay  him.' 

"Mr.  Morgan  to  Mr,  Elliott, — 'Was  this  proposal  made 
by  Mr.  Rumsey,  thro  the  Channel  of  Mr.  Bacon,  Since  Mr. 
P)acon  Lodged  the  Camplaint  Against  me  with  Colonel 
Wilkins.?' 

"Mr.  Elliott.— 'Yes— I  understood  that  Mr.  Bacon  had 
Lodged  a  Complaint  against  you  with  Colonel  Wilkins.' 

"Mr.  Bacon,  Observ'd  to  the  Court,  that  after  he  had 
(leliver'd  the  Colonel's  Letter  to  Mr.  Morgan  at  Kaskaskia, 
In  Returning  from  hence  he  met  Mr.  Elliott,  after  having 
some  Conversation  together  Concerning  Colo.  Wilkins's 
turning  him  off  the  Plantation  vfec;  He  told  Mr.  P2lliott, 
that  Mr.  Rumsey  had  a  Plantation,  and  that  he  des'rd  to 
say  that  Mr,  Rumsey  would  Settle  him  upon  it;  or  if  he 
wou'd  apply  to  Colonel  Wilkins  he  made  no  doubt  that 


,1. 1^ 


322 


EARLY   ILLINOIS, 


Colo.  Wilkins  wou'd.  Mr.  Bacon  denys  that  he  ever  told 
Mr.  Elliott  that  he  Saw  an  Order  from  Colonel  Wilkins 
giving  Mr.  Rumsey  Possession  of  said  Land;  But  that 
Mr.  Rumsey  told  him  he  had  an  order  from  Colo.  Wilkins 
to  take  Possession  of  the  Lands  Mr.  Elliott  is  now  Settled 
upon. 

"Mr.  Morgan  Observes  to  the  Court,  that  as  Mr.  Bacon, 
has  given  it  under  his  hand,  that  he  will  come  to  no  Com- 
promise with  him,  and  has  also  verbally  declar'd,  that  if  he 
did  not  obtain  the  Satisfaction  he  wish'd  for,  from  this 
Court,  he  wou'd  make  the  most  he  cou'd  by  the  Plantation, 
&  leave  every  thing  in  such  a  Huggermugger  way,  that 
He  (Mr.  Morgan)  wou'd  never  be  able  to  make  anythinij 
by  it.  He  therefore  humbly  presumes  to  hope,  that  this 
Court  will  Oblige  Mr.  Bacon  to  find  some  kind  of  Secur- 
ity for  the  true  Performance  of  his  Agreement  with  him, 
as  pr.  Annex'd  Articles  of  Agreement. 

"Mr.  Bacon  Denies  saying  that  he  wou'd  leave  the  plan- 
tation in  the  bad  way  represented  above,  or  in  any  other 
way. 

"Mr.  Morgan  Desires  that  Ens:  Hutchins  will  relate  to 
the  Court,  what  he  heard  Mr.  Bacon  Say,  when  he  (Mr. 
Morgan)  propos'd  to  him,  to  Appoint  Two  Gentlemen  to 
Settle  their  Afifairs,  and  that  he,  (Mr.  Morgan)  wou'd  go 
to  any  place  Mr.  Bacon  wou'd  Appoint,  and  take  his 
Books  along  with  him. 

"Mr.  Hutchins  Informs  the  Court  that  he  heard  Mr. 
Bacon  Say  that  he  wou'd  leave  it  to  no  other  Person  but 
Colonel  Wilkins.  Mr.  Morgan  said  it  was  very  well,  ^^' 
that  he  wou'd  Refer  to  the  Articles  of  Agreement  which 
was  very  Clear.  Upon  which  Mr.  Bacon  reply'd — 'Is  that 
the  way  you  intend  to  Come  Over  me.?*  Upon  which  Mr. 
Morgan,  said,  that  he  Imagin'd,  the  Phrase  had  its  Deriva- 
tion from  New  England  being  both  uncommon  &  ungen- 
teel. 


^^^ 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENOUIRV. 


323 


"Mr.  Morgan  Observes  to  the  Court,  that  as  Mr.  Bacon 
has  denied  Some  things  which  he  has  related  to  the  Court 
particularly  with  respect  to  his  leaving  the  plantation, 
hop'd  the  Court  wou'd  allow  Mr.  Elliott  to  point  out 
where  he  has  Erred. 

"Mr.  Elliott  declares  that  as  him  .nd  Mr.  Bacon  were 
riding  together,  that  Mr.  Bacon  did  then  Say,  that  he 
wou'd  make  what  he  Cou'd  by  the  plantation  &  leave 
every  thing  in  a  Huggermugger  Way.  Mr.  Morgan  being 
on  his  Defence,  says  that  he  went  to  the  Plantation  with 
Mr.  Windsor  Brown  and  Mr.  Patrick  Kennedy  (they  both 
speaking  French)  to  get  the  French  People,  from  whom  he 
purchas'd  the  Lands,  to  point  out  the  Boundaries  of  said 
Laiids.  Monsr.  Louviere  from  whose  father  I  purchas'd 
the  Tract  of  Land  on  which  M.  Bacon  is  now  Settled,  and 
for  which  Land  I  have  produc'd  Monsr.  Louveire's  Deed 
Dated  the  lOth  March  1768  pointed  the  Boundaries  out  to 
us.  It  begins  at  the  point  of  A  Roche,  where  hath  been 
a  Lime  Kiln  —  a  few  Perches  from  the  west  side  of  a 
Run  of  water,  that  you  Cross  in  Entering  the  Grand  Prairie 
going  From  Fort  Chartres  to  Kaskaskia.  Mons.  Louveire 
Pointed,  and  saic,  it  was  from  thence  towards  the  East 
Roche  Six  or  Seven  Acres  in  Front,  and  that  the  same 
I'^xtended  from  those  Roches  Southward  lO  the  Mississippi, 
lie  then  went  to  Shew  us  how  far  the  Seven  Acres  did 
I'xtend,  and  took  us  to  a  lane  or  Passage,  which  Mr.  Bacon 
had  left  between  Two  Corn  Fields,  &  said  that  there,  or 
thereabout,  was  the  Boundary  which  his  Father  had  Shewn 
to  him.  Monsr.  Boutelet  also  went  with  us,  and  informed 
us  that  the  land  which  he  sold  to  me,  (agreeable  to  the 
Deed  which  I  have  already  Shown  to  the  Court,  Dated 
the  15th  March  1769,)  began  where  Monsr.  Louveire's 
Land  Ended,  at  a  run  Eastward  Six  Acres  in  Front,  <k 
Shew'd  us  a  white  Elm  Tree  as  his  ICastern  Boundary. 

"Mr.  Brown,  being  Call'd  upon  by  the  Court,  perfectly 


t! 


<♦) 


324 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


'     / 


li:':  I 


III     <• 


I  ■  I 

I 

1  ,' 


■li 


Corroborates  with   Mr.    Morgan,  in  every  thing   he   has 
asserted  respecting  the  Boundaries  of  The  Plantation. 

"Mr.  Morgan,  proceeds  and  Says,  that  he  then  got  Mr. 
James  KlHott  and  Mr.  Patrick  Kennedy  to  measure  tlic 
Distance  from  the  first  mention'd  Lime  Kihi  to  the  lane 
pointed  out  by  Monsr.  Louveire,  as  the  Boundaries  of  the 
Plantation  purchas'd  from  his  Father.  Those  Gentlemen 
Inform'd  me,  that  the  Distance  was  exactly  Ninety  Six 
Perches;  and  from  thence  to  the  white  Elm  Tree,  pointed 
out  by  Monsr.  Boutelet,  as  the  Eastern  Boundary  of  tlie 
Plantation  Purchas'd  from  him  was  Fifty  Eight  Perches; 
within  this  last  Boundary  about  Thirty  two  Perches  East 
of  the  Lane  Mr.  Bacon  has  built  his  Barn. 

"Mr.  Elliott,  as  one  of  the  People  that  measur'd  the 
Land,  Declar'd  that  every  thing  that  Mr.  Morgan  had 
related  to  the  Court  with  regard  to  the  measurement  was 
Strictly  true.  The  Court  adjourns  till  to  morrow  at  9  (;f 
the  Clock  when  all  Parties  will  Attend." 

"Tuesday  2d  October  1770.  The  Court  met  this  morn- 
ing at  nine  of  the  Clock  in  the  morning  Pursuant  to 
Adjournment. 

"Mr.  Morgan,  Produc'd  to  the  Court  the  Accounts  of 
the  Plantation,  Some  of  the  Articles  of  which  Mr.  Paeon 
&  him  had  mutually  Agreed  upon;  others  Mr.  Bacon  not 
being  fully  Satisfied  about,  Mr.  Morgan  thereupon  DeHv- 
er'd  the  Accounts  to  Mr.  Bacon,  &  gave  him  three  months 
or  what  time  he  pleas'd  to  make  his  objections,  &  said  tliat 
Notwithstanding  it  is  left  to  the  Court  to  Settle  our 
matters,  yet  if  any  thing  shou'd  escape  the  Notice  of  the 
Court,  it  shou'd  be  hereafter  rectify'd  to  Mr.  Bacon's  Satis- 
faction. 

"Mr.  Bacon  Objected  to  the  Articles  of  Rum,  Sugar  & 
Tea,  being  Charg'd  to  his  Private  Account,  he  thinkini,^ 
those  Articles  shou'd  be  Charg'd  to  his  Publick  or  Planta- 
tion account. 


li 


I 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT    OF    KX(^)LTRV. 


3-'5 


"Mr.  Morgan  says  he  never  proniis'd  Mr.  Bacon  any 
Allowance  of  Rum,  neither  does  it  appear  by  the  Articles 
of  Agreement  that  Mr.  l^acon  is  entitled  to  any  Allow- 
ance. But  Mr.  Morgan  Says  if  Mr.  Bacon  has  given  any 
of  the  Rum  expended  at  the  Plantation  for  the  use  of 
Carrying  on  the  plantation  business,  he  with  Cheerfulness 
will  Allow  it. 

"The  Court  is  of  Opinion  that  Tea,  Sugar,  &  Coffee, 
shall  be  Charg'd  to  Mr.  Bacon's  private  account,  and  that 
such  part  of  the  Rum  as  appears  to  be  Expended  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Plantation,  shall  be  Charg'd  to  that  account. 

"Mr.  Morgan,  after  having  ICxamined  what  Evidences 
he  thought  necessary,  Deliver'd  to  the  Court  his  Defence 
in  writing  which  was  Publickly  Read  by  the  Judge  Advo- 
cate, &  which  is  herewith  Annex'd. 

Sign'd        Alexr.  Fowler,  Lieut: 
Acting  Deputy  Judge  Advocate."^ 

"In  Consequence  of  an  order  from  Colonel  John  Wil- 
kins  directing  us  to  enquire  into  the  affair  of  Mr.  Richard 
Bacon,  and  George  Morgan  Esqr.  the  Court  accordingly 
proceeded  to  Enquire  into  the  many  different  Charges 
Exhibited  by  Mr.  Bacon  against  Mr.  Morgan;  and  after 
hearing  every  matter  of  Charge,  Set  forth  by  the  Com- 
plainant, as  well  as  Examining  the  Witnesses  he  Call'd 
upon  to  Support  his  Charges;  and  hearing  what  Mr.  Mor- 
gan (the  Defendant)  had  to  offer  in  his  Defense;  and  hav- 
ing well  weigh'd  and  maturely  Consider'd  the  Same,  do 
think,  &  are  unanimously  of  Opinion,  that  Mr.  Bacon's 
Grievances  seems  to  be  altogether  Ideal;  that  his  Charges 
in  General  are  of  a  Litigious  &  Captious  Birth,  and  are  by 
no  means  Supported;  and  that  his  Allegations,  are  alto- 
gether Scandalous,  Groundless  &  malicious;  and  do  there- 
fore most  honourably  Acquit  Mr.  Morgan  of  all  &  every 
part  thereof. 


326 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


H 


"And  he  is  hereby  most  honourably  Acquitted  Accord- 

*"Sly-  f  Lewis  Wynne,  Lt.  Presdt: 

"[Sign'd]  Alex:  Fowler,     |  Alexr.  Fowler,  Lt. 

Lt.  loth  or  Royal  Irish  Reg't: -{  Thos.  Hutchins,  Ensn:   (  Mem- 


Acting  Deputy  Judge 
Advocate  Signd 


Wm.  Richardson,  Ensn; 
Wm.  Conolly,  Ensn :"  * 


bers 


The  court,  evidently  from  the  beginning,  ruled  in  favor 
of  the  defendant,  Morgan,  but  the  complainant,  did  not 
relinquish  all  hope  of  at  least  a  partial  redress  of  his 
grievances  until  on  October  2,  when  the  conclusion  was 
reached  and  published  which  pronounced  his  complaint 
*' altogether  ideal."  This  was  too  much,  and  he  forthwith 
filed  his  petition  with  the  commandant  for  a  rehearing. 
Whether  it  grew  out  of  the  present  controversy  or  other 
disturbing  causes,  the  former  friendly  relations  existing; 
between  Colonel  Wilkins  and  George  Morgan  were  now 
undoubtedly  strained.  However  this  may  have  been,  a  new- 
hearing  was  accorded  Bacon  and  the  court  of  enquiry  was 
reconvened  for  a  revision  of  its  judgment — the  colonel  cal- 
ling attention  in  their  order  to  points  in  the  evidence  in 
the  complainant's  favor  which  had  not  received,  in  his  judg- 
ment, their  due  weight  or  had  been  overlooked  by  the 
court.  The  comments  by  the  colonel,  and  the  answers 
thereto,  make  very  refreshing  reading: 

Application  for  a  New  Hearing. 

"To  John  Wilkins  Esqr.,  Lieut.  Colo,  of  His  Majesty's 
1 8th  or  Royal  Regiment  of  Ireland  Governour  &  Com- 
mandant of  the  Illinois  &  its  Dependancies: 

"The  Remonstrance  of  Richd.  Bacon  Inhabitant,  Hum- 
bly Sheweth,  That  Impressd  with  the  deepest  sense  of 
Gratitude  &  respect,  for  your  kind  acquiesance  in  Granting 


*  Endorsed: — "Minutes  &  Sentence  of  a  Court  of  Enquiry  on  Gto: 
Morgan  Ksqr.  &  Richard  Bacon,  Commencing  the  24th  September  1770  «.V 
Ending  4th  October  following.  Fort  Chartres  in  the  Country  of  the  I^inoi^." 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COUUT   OF    KNOl'IKV. 


3^7 


iiim  an  Examination  into  the  Grievances  pointed  out   in 
his  Petition  of  Septr.  1770  against  Mr.  Morijan;  lie  is  I'.n- 
courag'd  to  address  you  by  the  same  means  with  respect 
to  the  proceedings  of  the  Court  Order'd  &  tlic  Surprize 
with  which  he  is  Struck  at  the  nature  of  the  Sentence  or 
Opinion.     What  I  have  said,  pointed  out,  &  which  by  the 
proceedings  Dcliver'd,  Sir  (a  perusal  of  which  you  have  at 
my  request  Granted),  are  not  disprov'd,  [and]  must  in  my 
poor  Opinioii,  render  an  unanimous  acquital  of  all  &  every 
part  of  that  Gentleman's  Conduct,  Surprising;  abstracted 
from  the  other  part,  wherein  notwithstanding  I  have  abso- 
lutely deny'd  myself  to  have  been  advis'd,  the  Letigious 
&  Captious  Birth  of  my  Complaints,  alluding  to  a  third 
person,  are  Call'd  malicious,Groundlcss,  &  Ideal.  For  which 
reason,  as  I  am  Conscious  to  myself,  I  Can  yet  prove  many 
of  my  Assertions  (tho  not  already  done  to  the  Satisfaction 
of  my  Judges).   I  Humbly  beg  leave  to  appeal  toyour  Judg- 
nit:  from  the  said  Sentence  or  Opinion;  &  that  this  may 
not  appear  an  unreasonable  demand,  I  hope  the  following 
reasons  will    render  such   request    no  more  than  just   & 
equitable,  &  what  I  am  bound  to  do  in  order  to  I'^xculpate 
myself  from  the  reflections  Cast  upon  my  Character,  as  well 
as  to  do  Justice  to  a  third  person  who  has  been  Vilely 
tho  indirectly  traduced  by  Mr.  Morgan  during  the  whole 
Course  of   the   Procedure.      In  the  first   place,   why  this 
Shooting  in  the  Dark  at  a  person  entirely  unconcern'd  with 
the  matters  in  question,  Should  be  admitted  I  must  own  I 
am  not  Capable  of  resolving.     However  there  is  such  a 
Stress  thro  the  whole  part  thereof   upon  this  adviser  of 
mine  that  I  Cannot  help  observing,  It  is  very  little  to  the 
purpose  whether  I  had  or  had  not  an  adviser,  or  on  the 
other  whether  it  was  Mr.  Rumsey  or  any  other  person,  all 
I  Contend  for  is  this,  that  I  am  now,  was  &  ever  shall  be 
Sensible  of  the  Injuries  I  have  Suffer'd  &  do  for  myself 
most  religiously  declare  what  must  be  evident  from  the 

22-34-7 


:fc 


i 


328 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


1! 


Nature  of  my  Complaints,  that  they  Cou'd  proceed  frou) 
no  other  Person  but  myself. 

"The  Second  remark  which  I  most  humbly  Submit  to 
your  better  Judgment  is  that  pursuant  to  the  very  Tenour, 
Style  &  Nature  of  my  aforesaid  Petition  is,  that  instead 
of  Sticking  to  the  Charge  therein  represented,  Mr.  Morgan 
has  Enter'd  into  matters  entirely  foreign  to  the  purpose,  c^ 
by  a  useless  Display  of  a  multiplicity  of  Books  &  papers 
has  occasion'd  a  Letigious  Enquiry  into  matters  that  by 
no  means  set  aside  the  facts  I  have  exhibited  which  was  a 
Breach  of  our  Articles  of  Agreement,  and  was  not  attended 
to  (nor  does  the  same  appear  but  where  they  Lean'd  to 
Mr.  Morgan's  favour,  allso  the  personal  abuse  which  Can 
be  prov'd  to  this  moment  tho  he  avoids  the  latter  only  by 
an  insidious  Expression  against  a  third  person  at  my  Kx- 
pence)  by  Changing  the  mode  of  Expression  against  the 
Still  Certain  Gentleman  whom  he  is  ready  to  make  oath 
of,  never  hi.ited  to  him  any  thing  of  the  kind. 

"The  breach  of  Articles  is  I  think  Still  Clear  &  demon- 
strative, therefore  I  most  humbly  Entreat  you  Sir  to  Ex- 
amine the  Same,  &  Judge  whether  or  not  by  the  Articles 
&  the  Charges  (as  yet  unprov'd)  which  I  deliver'd  in,  if  I 
am  not  Injur'd  by  the  Settlement  of  Mr.  Elliott  as  well  as 
the  Encouragement  given  to  him  in  Opposition  to  me, — 
who  by  the  Tenour  &  meaning  of  the  Same  Cannot  but 
be  Injur'd  by  the  Encroachment  Support  &  Vicinity  of 
Another. 

"Is  it  not  the  business  of  the  person  Accus'd  Sir  to  dis- 
prove the  allegations  Exhibited  against  him  by  Something 
more  than  mere  Declaration  (even  frequently  faultring)  and 
is  it  not  necessary  that  some  Evidences  at  least  shou'd 
entirely  disprove  particular  Charges  laid  against  him  ? 

"The  Article  of  the  Ox  &  Cow  bought  of  Monsr.  Beau- 
vais  which  he  kil'd  &  did  not  Credit  the  plantation  for  at 
that  time,  and  my  remark  allso  for  the  Cows  taken  for  his 


M 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   liN(^)UIRV.  329 

iwn  use  will  Certainly  render  all  my  Charges  not  merely 
ideal — neither  do  I  see  any  thing  therein  which  can  merit 
.illtogether  the  Opinion  of  a  malicious  &  Groundless 
Charge. 

"I  had  indeed  many  other  things  to  relate  but  was  so 
i)ften  reprov'd  &  told  that  every  thing  was  going  against 
me;  that  in  absolute  despair  of  doing  myself  Justice  I 
forbore.  In  short  I  was  prejudic'd  disheartened  tfe  was 
icsolv'd  to  give  up  all  hopes  when  I  waited  upon  you  A^ 
icquaint'd  your  honour  with  the  Terms  in  which  I  was 
iiddress'd.  Submission  &  Respect  Govern'd  me  in  all  my 
Actions,  But  I  found  that  to  Exhibit  Sev^.;  ■  Charges  (tho 
Kacts)  against  so  powerful  an  antagonist  was  Construed  in 
another  light. 

"Fourthly,  In  allusion  to  the  latter  part,  I  must  now 
beg  leave  to  mention  the  Affair  of  the  Ox  —said  by  me 
'  be  a  notorious  &  present  detention;  with  my  remarks 
thereon  which  gave  so  much  offence  that  I  was  told  even 
by  one  of  the  Judges,  was  a  matter  if  not  prov'd  that 
merited  the  Consequences  of  a  Civil  Law  Suite,  upon  which 
I  made  my  bow,  and  do  with  the  same  Submission  tVc  res- 
pect Appeal  to  your  Judgement  whether  or  not  that  matter 
is  Clearly  disprov'd.  Look  I  beseech  you,  Sir,  to  the  Iwi- 
dence  in  favor  of  Mr.  Morgan,  his  Answer — How  Vague 
k  Inconclusive. 

"The  Evidence  of  Mr.  Brown  is  particularly  worthy 
your  Impartial  Observations  in  many  respect,  his  positive 
declaration  respecting  the  Entries  more  so,"  that  Gentle- 
man as  I  observ'd  to  you  with  Mr.  McFee  were  openly  in 
the  most  derisive  manner  exulting  in  every  little  piece  of 
wit,  which  appear'd  to  them,  so  Extreamly  Severe  & 
pointed,  &  Exasperated  me  frequently  in  such  a  manner 
that  I  was  much  Confus'd  upon  the  Occasion. 

"I  forgot  to  mention  that  La  Source  the  Frenchman 
Call'd  upon  by  Mr.  Morgan  as  an  Evidence  respecting  the 


■'I 


330 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


l/i 


I 


Negro  given  for  the  Cart  Oxen  &  horses,  after  he  left  the 
Court  told  Mr.  Kennedy  that  the  Negro  was  Sick  &  among 
the  remains  of  the  Cargo,  &  Mr.  Elliott  himself,  tho  ad- 
mitted as  an  Evidence  notwithstanding  a  party  Concern'd, 
dcclar'd  to  me  before  the  same  person  that  he  could  not 
but  acknowledge  he  was  a  prejudice  to  me  in  his  being 
Settled  on  that  Land  for  many  reasons  which  he  gave  at 
the  same  time,  &  Concluded  by  Saying  that  I  Cou'd  not 
blame  him  for  it.  This  last  Gentleman's  Evidence  Respect- 
ing a  message  he  declar'd  I  deliver'd  him  from  Mr.  Rum- 
sey  is  in  every  Part  false,  Infamous  &  Groundless,  that 
Gentleman  never  having  mention'd  a  thing  of  the  kind,  but 
what  is  that  to  the  purpose,  had  it  even  been  true  it  Cou'd 
have  no  kind  of  Effect  with  respect  to  my  Complaint  of 
Mr.  Morgan;  the  papers  I  deliver'd  to  the  Court  plainly 
Shew  that  I  want  nothing  but  what  is  reasonable. 

"Fifthly,  with  respect  to  the  Local  Situation  of  this 
Plantation  or  the  other,  what  Can  it  avail. ^  I  have  Culti- 
vated the  land  Shewn  to  me,  Mr.  Morgan  acknowledges  I 
have  been  Industrious  &  have  done  my  Duty  untill  Lat- 
terly &  I  lay  no  Claim  to  any  land  whatsoever.  By  ni)- 
Articles  of  Agreement  I  Cede  all  right  &  Title  thereto 
in  Consideration  of  promis'd  matters  not  Complied  with. 
I  ask  no  more  than  to  be  quit  with  him,  &  rely'd  on  tho 
Judgment  of  the  CoiTt  for  what  they  shou'd  Esteem  with 
your  Approbation  Equivalent  for  my  Labours.  Mr.  Mor- 
gan falls  into  Invectives  reflects  upon  my  Poverty  (vvhicli 
I  Imagine  Cannot  Efifect  the  honesty  of  any  man)  and  tho 
he  declares  I  have  wrote  him  many  Insolent  Letters,  de- 
sir'd  by  me  to  be  produc'd  to  ye  Court,  Answers — tnat  he 
had  made  a  very  dirty  use  of  them,  at  the  Same  time 
takes  notice  of  a  new  English  Expression,  by  no  means 
so  becoming  in  my  opinion.  In  his  defence  which  is  the 
last  matter  I  shall  touch  upon,  he  begins.  Continues,  \' 
ends  with  Scurrility  upon  a  Certain  Gentleman,  mentions 


^'■•; 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OK    KN()UiKY. 


ij' 


a  matter  of  some  Garden  Seeds,  Surveying  of  differciil 
Lots,  &  Concludes,  by  taking  it  for  Granted  that  he  is  en- 
tirely acquitted;  that  I  act  only  from  the  Spleen  «^'.  niuliee 
of  another,  &  every  body  seems  Surpriz'd  tiiat  1  sIkjuM 
not  make  it  up,  Condemn  the  only  man  who  look'd  upcjii 
me,  and  become  the  basest  of  mankind  by  a  Step,  tiiat 
must  render  me  unworthy  of  your  Protection. 

"Therefore  most  Humbly  entreat  you  to  give  me  a 
Hearing  yourself,  or  by  some  other  means  prevent  my 
Ruin.  And  your  Petitioner  as  in  Duty  bound  will  Kvcr 
pray.  (Signd)      RiciiD.  Bacon. 

"I  Forgot  to  mention  a  number  of  Cattle  Charg'd  to 
the  plantation  which  was  never  Deliver'd,  which  was  never 
taken  notice  of  Mr.  Morgan  Slept  allso  every  night  in 
the  room  of  one  of  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Court."* 

Order  for  a  Rehearing: 

"Fort  Chartres,  i6th  October,  1776. 
"Gentlemen  of  the  Court  of  Enquiry — Whereas  an 
appeal  from  the  Opinion  of  A  late  Court  of  Enquiry 
Order'd  to  Examine  into  some  Charges  preferr'd  Against 
Geo:  Morgan  Esqr.  by  Richard  Bacon,  has  been  deliver'd 
to  me  by  the  latter  Setting  Forth  the  reasons  for  such  a 
demand,  which  reasons  in  my  Opinion  are  neither  frivelous 
nor  malicious  but  of  a  very  Clear  &l  equitable  nature,  I  am 
therefore  Extreamly  Sorry  to  find  it  absolutely  necessary 
to  Order  a  Revisal  of  the  said  proceedings  ifc  that  they 
abide  by  the  Charges  Exhibited;  instead  of  which  it  is 
obvious  that  Mr.  Morgan  by  a  useless  display  of  a  number 
of  Books  and  papers  has  not  only  taken  up  the  Time  of 
tlie  Court  by  an  unnecessary  enquiry  into  matters  foreign 
from  the  purpose,  but  by  that  means  allso  Eluded  in  a 
Sreat  measure  the  Facts  Exhi'  ited.     It  does  not  appear 

*  Endorsed:— "Richard  Bacon's  Appeal,  No.  6."  . 


■.,t 
1 


i 


tl 


332 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


I 


/  'S 


M 


h 


,*t. 


even  by  the  proceedings  that  Mr.  Morgan  has  Clearl)- 
disprov'd  many  things  laid  to  his  Charge,  and  the  whole 
Tenour  of  his  Style  is  nothing  but  a  piece  of  Scurrility 
and  invective  against  a  third  Person. 

"The  Indecency  of  Mr.  Brown  &  Mr.  McFee  was  not 
unnotic'd,  neither  has  it  pass  unobserv'd  by  Mr.  Bacon. 
Even  the  appearance  of  a  partial  Indulgence  shou'd  be 
avoided,  then  Mr.  Bacon  wou'd  have  less  Cause  to  Com- 
plain. 

"As  the  man  Justly  Observes  what  Signifies  the  local 
Situation  of  the  plantation,  he  cultivated  the  Land  Shewn 
him,  Claims  none  as  his  property,  but  Conceiving  an  Evi- 
dent Breach  of  Articles  in  the  Settlement  &  Encourage- 
ment  of  another  man  just  under  his  Nose,  he  applys  for 
Justice  and  Submits  his  Case  to  the  Court  promising  to 
abide  by  any  Sum  they  with  my  approbation  shou'd  think 
equivalent  for  his  Labour,  adding  thereto  only  the  abuse 
which  he  said  he  receiv'd  from  Mr.  Morgan  both  of  which 
Circumstances  Clearly  appear. 

"The  appeal  will  be  read  by  the  President  or  Deputy 
Judge  Advocate  &  Return'd  to  me  with  all  the  Original 
Papers  refer'd  to  in  said  proceedings,  and  Exact  Copies  of 
th&  Deeds  and  Titles  therein  mention'd.  I  shall  hereunto 
Annex'd  Show  you  my  Observations  on  each  Page  of  the 
Courts  proceedings  only,  and  must  request  and  order  that 
you  give  me  your  answers  thereto,  opposite  to  the  observa- 
tions on  each  Page. 

"I  am  Sorry  the  Court  had  so  much  Trouble  in  this 
Affair  and  that  a  Revisal  of  the  proceedings  will  add 
thereto,  I  must  recommend  it  to  them  to  be  particularly 
Attentive  to  Each  Charge,  and  my  Observations  on  the 
proceedings  allready  given  in. 

"I  Did  not  intend  to  have  Examin'd  further  into  this 
Dispute,  than  what  Appear'd  in  the  proceedings  of  the 
Coijrt  from  the  24th  Septem'r  to  the  4th  October  1770. 


%*J1. 


i«ia 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— COURT   OK   ENQUIRY. 


333 


But  have  Since,  perus'd  the  papers  Dcliver'd  to  the  Court 
by  Mr.  Bacon,  marked  No.  i.  2.  &  3,  &  which  in  my  Opin- 
ion are  absolutely  necessary  to  be  attended  to,  more  min- 
utely than  they  seem  to  have  been;  I  have  allso  perus'd 
the  Articles  of  Agreement  at  least  a  Copy  thereoff;  &  by 
which  it  appears  A  Copartnership;  and  in  the  4th  Article 
of  said  Agreement  Mr.  Bacon  was  to  be  furnis'd  what  he 
requested  as  necessary  to  forward  their  mutual  Interest  for 
Seven  Years.    Was  it  not  then  Equitable  that  Bacon  shou'd 
have  been  Consulted  in  the  Sums  laid  out,-*     Otherwise  at 
the  Closing  of  Accounts,  one  party  might  be  great  Gain- 
ers, and  the  other  little  the  better  after  seven  years  Ser- 
vice; It  is  my  Duty  to  Give  my  Opinion  on  those  matters 
&  yours  to  weigh  every  Circumstance,  that  your  Opinion  & 
Judgement  may  Determine  the  affair  to  the  Satisfaction 
of  both  parties  at  least  that  there  may  be  no  Cause  of 
further  Complaint.     I  am  Gentlemen  Your  most  Obedient 
&  Humble. Servant. 

"T     Lt:  Wynne  Presidt:         (Signd)  JNO.  WiLKiNS, 
&  the  Members  of  a  Court  of  Enquiry.  Lt.  Colonel." 

Observations*  by  Colonel  Wilkins. — "(Page  i)  I  have 
to  observe  from  the  ist  to  the  3d  Page  of  the  proceedings, 
that  Bacon  in  answer  to  Mr.  Morgan  declares  that  Elliott 
has  Settled  on  a  place  which  Bacon  had  Clear  d  &  improv'd 
{[p.]  2)  that  and  a  Spring  &c.,  &c.,  and  taken  from  him  a 
Shade  [shed]  built  by  Bacon.  Was  Bacdn  to  Consult  Mr. 
Morgan  about  Building  saie  Shade  or  ([page]  3)  making 
Improvements ;  if  so,  why  [should]  not  Mr.  Morgan  take 
Bacon's  Opinion  in  the  vast  Sums  laid  out;  their  obliga- 
tions in  the  Agreement  Seem  mutual.? 

Court's  Answer. — "It  appears  to  the  Court,  that  the 
only  Improvements  made  by  Bacon,  on  the  land  on  which 

*  rhese  observations  of  Col.  Wilkins  are  written  on  one-half  of  the  page 
and  tlii  answers  by  the  court  on  the  other. 


334 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


t:v; 


\ 


I'  ' 
1/ 


I' t 


1'  i 


1 1 


m 


Mr.  Elliott  has  lately  Settled,  was  an  old  Shade,  for  which 
Mr.  Morgan  offers  to  pay  him,  which  offer  the  Court  look 
upon  as  a  Great  Indulgence,  as  Mr.  Bacon  ought  to  have 
Consulted  Mr.  Morgan  (to  whom  the  land  belong'd)  before 
he  built  that  Shade,  as  a  Coursory  Leave  to  improve  was 
by  no  means  a  Sufficient  Title,  for  him  to  go  build  a  Shade. 
The  Court  think  that  Mr.  Morgan  might  with  propriety 
purchase  Cattle,  without  Consulting  Bacon,  as  Mr.  Mor- 
gan advanc'd  the  money,  was  more  in  the  way  of  making 
Cheap  purchases,  which  as  a  Party  Concern'd  it  is  to  be 
Suppos'd  he  wou'd  do.  It  also  appears  by  the  last  article 
of  their  Agreement  that  there  was  no  Compulsion  upon 
Bacon  to  take  Cattle,  he  did  not  approve  of.  Their  obliga- 
tions are  so  far  mutual  that  they  are  both  to  Act  for  the 
Advantage  of  the  Plantation.  The  part  of  the  Company  is 
to  advance  all  monies  &  to  purchase,  what  may  be  neces- 
sary. That  of  Bacon's  to  labour,  Oversee,  Negroes  &c.,  &c. ; 
in  Short  to  do  every  thing  necessary  for.  the  benefit  of  the 
Farm.  If  there  was  any  Benefit  (which  Mr.  Bacon  wou'd 
insinuate)  to  arise  in  purchasing  Cattle;  which  cou'd  only 
proceed  from  his  purchasing  with  merchandize,  The  Court 
are  of  Opinion  it  ought  to  belong  to  Mr.  Morgan  &  Co.,  as 
some  Equivalent  for  ye  Interest  of  the  large  Sums  of  money 
they  have  laid  out,  without  having  any  Security  on  the 
part  of  Bacon. 

Col.  W. — "(Page  4.)  The  Court  Seem  to  have  had 
Enough  of  That  Charge. 

Ans. — "It  appears  by  the  minutes  of  the  Proceedings 
that  the  Court  (as  Colonel  Wilkins  very  justly  observes)  was 
fully  Satisfied  of  this  Charge,  as  well  as  the  Generality  of 
Bacon's  Charges,  as  appears  very  obvious  by  refering  to 
their  Opinion,  the  4th  Octr.  Inst: 

Col.  W. — Page  "5.  And  begins  on  the  Personal  Abuse 
in  which  Page  Mr.  Morgan  is  pleas'd  to  Address  the  Court 
&  Concludes  with  bad  Language  of  a  Certain  Gentleman 
not  Named. 


m 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— COURT   OF    ENQUIRY.  335 


e  had 

idings 
s)  was 
ity  of 

Ing  to 

ibuse 

'ourt 

lemaii 


*^i 


Ans. — "As  the  Charge  in  the  5  fo:,  is  not  at  all  Sup- 
ported by  Mr.  Bacon,  it  was  Impossible  for  the  Court  to  pro- 
nounce Mr.  Morgan  Culpable,  and  if  any  man  Cou'd  be  so 
base  as  to  accuse  another  falsely,  he  Certainly  ought  to  be 
told  of  it,  in  Language  Suitable  to  his  Deserts. 

Col.  W.— Page  "(6).  The  Court  are  amus'd  with  Mr. 
Morgan's  Books  &  then  Adjourn'd  in  order  to  give  Mr. 
Bacon  &  his  friends  time  to  recollect  themselves. 

Ans. — "The  Court  did  inspect  Mr.  Morgan's  Books,  as 
they  thought  it  highly  necessary,  in  order  to  assist  them  in 
making  a  proper  Enquiry.  They  then  adjourn'd  as  a  great 
indulgence  to  Mr.  Bacon,  as  they  thought  both  himself  and 
Friends  had  need  of  recollection,  they  having  that  day 
made  a  very  poor  hand  of  their  ProF'jcution.  The  Court 
allways  find  Amusement  in  doing  Justice. 

Col.  W.— Page  "(7.)  The  Court  meet  &  Credit  Mr. 
Bacon  for  an  overcharge  of  270  Livres.  Mr.  Morgan  again 
Addresses  the  Court  to  Show  that  those  Charges  was  made 
in. his  Absence;  why  [was]  not  the  person  Call'd  on  who 
made  those  Charges.? 

Ans. — "The  Court  after  inspecting  the  accounts  (which 
the  Lt.  Colonel  is  pleas'd  to  call  an  amusement)  between 
Mr.  Morgan  &  Company  &  Mr.  Bacon,  which  amounted  to 
upwards  of  60,000  Livres,  they  found  the  Articles  objected 
to  by  Bacon,  did  not  amount  to  more  than  270  Livres, 
which  Sum  Mr.  Morgan  did  Credit  Bacon  with,  sooner 
than  take  up  the  time  of  the  Court  in  proving  the  Charges 
to  be  just.  It  appear'd  plainly,  the  Charges  were  made  in 
Mr,  Morgan's  absence  &  the  hand  writing  of  the  person 
who  made  them  so  well  known,  that  the  Court  thought 
his  presence  needless;  &  that  it  would  be  a  restraint  upon 
him  to  be  in  Company  of  one,  with  whom  he  was  at  Vari- 
ance. 

Col.  W.— Page  "(8.)  Of  H  es,  Cart,  &c;  and  26  head  of 
Cattle  bought   by   Mr.   Morgan,   without   consulting    Mr. 


'.'■ 


t ' 


336 


EARLY   ILLINOiS. 


I     i 


Bacon,  who  was  to  be  charg'd  for  those  Articles  as  Ob- 
serv'd  on  in  Page  i  to  3  ? 

Ans. — "Fully  Answer'd  in  first  observation — Mr.  Bacon 
was  not  under  the  necessity  of  having  any  Concern  with 
more  Cattle,  than  was  perfectly  agreeable  to  himself — 
moreover,  the  Cattle  that  Bacon  Complains  of  being  Over- 
charg'd  in,  is  allow'd  by  Mr.  Winston  &  the  Court,  to  be 
altogether  Equitable  &  Reasonable — See  p.  8  of  the  Pro- 
ceedings. 

Col.  W. — Page  "(9)  Mr.  Winston  declares  that  Bacon 
had  Mr.^^Morgan's  Permission  to  improve  the  Spring  &  Land 
Contiguous  to  the  plantation.  In  this  page  the  Court  Credit 
Mr.  Bacon  for  an  overcharge  of  37  Livres  10  Sols. 

Ans. — "Allowing  Mr.  Morgan  did  give  leave  to  Bacon, 
to  improve  the  Spring,  &  the  Land,  Contiguous  to  the  plan- 
tation, The  Court  are  of  opinion  Mr.  Morgan  had  it  in  his 
power,  to  recall  that  Permission,  when  he  foun  ,  Mr.  Ba- 
con's behaviour,  no^longer  merited  such  indulgence.  Lt. 
Colo.  Wilkins  has  Certainly  made  a  mistake  in  his  obser- 
vations on  the  last  part  of  fo:  9  relative  to  a  credit  of  37 
Livres  10  Sols  as  will  appear  by  referring  to  fo:  9  &  10  of 
ye  Proceedings. 

Col.  W. — Page  "(10.)  Mr.  Brown  I  must  confess  has 
Carried  his  Fedility  to  Mr.  Morgan  a  great  length,  I  must 
however  Observe  thereon  that  his  Oath  Shall  never  be 
esteem'd  A  Sufficient  voucher,  for  an  Entry  without  proof 
of  the  delivery  of  any  thing. 

Ans. — "The  Court  think  Mr.  Brown  has  Acted  with  the 
Fidelity  becoming  every  honest  man,  and  as  a  Merchant's 
Book  keeper's  oath,  all  Over  the  world  is  Esteem'd  a  Suffi- 
cient voucher  for  the  Books,  it  of  Course  must  have  the  due- 
weight  with  us. 

Col.  W. — Page  "(11.)  Of  an  address  to  the  Court  by 
Mr.  Morgan  concerning  a  negroe  man,  the  affair  Settled  to 
Mr.  Morgan's  Content,  but  can  it  be  reasonable  that  Bacon 


^LmMltm 


BRITISH   ILMNOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY 


337 


or  any  other  Person  shou'd  be  answerable  to  Mr.  Morgan 
for  Charges  he  Chuses  to  make  for  what  he  says  is  given  to 
Indians  without  the  approbation  of  the  party  concern'd; 
but  what  has  this  long  Story  to  do  with  Mr.  Bacon's  Com- 
plaint, was  not  the  Negroe  Equally  Mr.  Bacon's  property.' 
Query,  was  he  detain'd  or  not.'' 

Ans. — "It  does  not  appear  to  the  Court  that  Mr.  Mor- 
gan, has  charg'd  Bacon  any  thing  for  Paying  Indians  for  the 
Negroe,  But  are  of  Opinion,  that  in  Case  Mr.  Morgan  shou'd 
be  under  the  necessity  of  paying  150  Dollars  or  any  part 
thereof,  that  Mr.  Bacon  shou'd  be  Charg'd  with  his  pro[»or- 
tion  of  it.  They  think  the  long  Story  was  very  necessary 
to  be  attended  to,  in  order  to  throw  a  proper  light  on  Mr. 
Bacon's  Complaint.  The  Negroe  was  not  detain'd  as  it 
appears  Clearly  he  refus'd  to  Return  to  Bacon,  and  de- 
clar'd  shou'd  there  be  any  attempt  made  to  force  him,  he 
was  resolved  to  destroy  himself.  As  to  his  being  sold,  that 
affair  was  Settled  to  their  mutual  Content,  as  appears  by 
the  nth  Line  of  fo:  12  of  the  Proceedings. 

Col.W. — Pages"(i2, 13, 14,  I5,&  16.)  Is  taken  up  with  the 
remarkable  Ox  in  dispute,  it  would  seem  Strange  that  Mr. 
Morgan  or  his  people  shou'd  go  such  Lengths,  as  to  Con- 
fine &  intended  to  kill  the  Ox  if  they  did  not  know  some 
history  thereof  I  had  some  talk  with  Lt.  Chapman  when 
at  Kaskaskias  of  this  remarkable  fine  Ox,  and  must  desire 
that  a  Strict  Enquiry  may  be  made  thereinto. 

Ans. — "The  Ox  may  be  remarkable,  but  the  Dispute  is 
undoubtedly  so.  Strange  as  it  may  appear,  we  cannot  think 
that  Mr.  Morgan  Clandestinely  detain'd  the  Ox,  as  is 
maliciously  &  Injuriously  Alledg'd  by  Bacon,  on  the  Con- 
trary it  appears  by  the  very  Evidence  of  Bonthorn,  who 
Mr.  Bacon  Call'd  on  as  an  Evidence  to  Support  his  cause, 
that  Mr.  Morgan  never  so  much  as  Disputed  the  remark- 
able ox  with  Bacon.  Perhaps  as  Lt.  Chapman  knows 
Something  of  this  Ox;  it  might  have  been  necessary  for 
the  Court  to  have  asked  him  a  few  questions. 


338 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


I 


hi 


1  ) 


!'l' 


,■!•■' 


Col.W. — Page  "(i6.)  Two  Cows  are  Demanded  from  Mr. 
Morgan  who  promised  to  do  Justice. — See  observation  on 
Page  I  to  3  &  page  8. 

Ans. — "Mr.  Morgan  in  presence  of  the  Court,  Promis'd 
that  he  wou'd  Enquire  after  the  Cows  mention'd  &  do  Jus- 
tice; &  they  are  of  opinion,  that  nothing  but  his  attention 
&  time,  being  taken  up,  in  attending  this  Court  wou'd  have 
prevented  him  from  Performing  his  promise  —  See  our 
answer  to  Observation  on  fo:  i  to  3  &  fo:  8. 

Col.W. — Page  "(17.)  As  the  Company  and  Bacon  was  in 
a  mutual  Agreement,  how  cou'd  Mr.  Morgan  with  propriety 
ascertain  the  price  of  the  2  Oxen,  2  Horses  Cart  &  Gears, 
or  the  price  of  the  Negroe  (which  did  not  belong  to  the 
Plantation)  without  taking  Bacon's  Opinion  thereon.^ 

Ans. — "It  appears  to  the  Court  by  the  4th  Article  of  the 
Agreement,  that  the  Company  have  reserv'd  to  themselves 
the  power  of  purchasing  what  Cattle  they  shou'd  Esteem 
necessary,  without  consulting  Bacon,  it  not  being  men- 
tion'd in  any  part  of  the  Articles  that  Bacon  is  to  be 
consulted.  They  also  think  that  Mr.  Morgan  was  a  very 
proper  [person]  to  value  the  Negroe,  as  he  had  at  that 
.ime  a  Parcel  for  Sale,  &  it  appears  to  us  that  good  ones 
Sold  for  1800  to  2000  Livres — they  refer  to  fo:  17. 

Col.  W.— Pages  "(18  &  19.)  Mr.  Bacon  still  demands  the 
accots:  to  be  Settled,  Mr.  Morgan's  Letters  produc'd  Show 
fair  Promises;  but  why  not  the  accounts  Settled.?  I  dont 
find  by  the  proceedings  that  Bacon  hath  any  Books  to 
amuse  the  Court,  did  not  Bacon  go  to  Kaskaskia  for  that 
purpose,  &  doth  not  Mr.  Elliott  Declare  that  him  and  Mr. 
Morgan  had  some  Talk  on  that  head,  tho'  nothing  was 
done  to  Stop  this  disagreeable  Enquiry,  till  Steps  were 
taken  to  bring  it  to  a  hearing.? 

Ans. — "We  have  to  the  best  of  our  Judgment  Settled 
Mr.  Morgan's  Accounts  &  it  is  our  Opinion  that  the  Sum  of 
27629  Livres  and  Six  Derniers  is  Justly  due  from  the  Plan- 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS — COURT   OF   ENQUIRY. 


339 


tation  to  Boynton  Wharton  &  Morgan,  and  the  Sum  of 
1591  Livres  4  Sol  &  Eight  Derniers  is  justly  due  from 
Bacon  on  his  private  Account  to  the  Aforesaid  Boynton 
Wharton  &  Morgan,  Agreeable  to  the  Accounts  Stated  & 
Certified  by  us,  which  sums  we  do  conceive  ought  to  be 
immediately  paid.  To  the  said  Boynton,  Wharton,  &  Mor- 
gan. It  is  true  Bacon  had  no  Books  to  amuse  the  Court; 
But  he  had  Abundance  of  disagreeable  matter  to  trouble 
them  with  and  his  Impertinent  Libells  (which  we  Suppose 
he  Terms  addresses)  Cannot  be  read  by  any  man  (that  has 
the  least  degree  of  care  for  his  character)  without  Indigna- 
tion; and  the  adviser  &  abbettor  trifling  man,  we  cannot  but 
Esteem  in  a  disagreeable  light,  &  must  hold  in  the  utmost 
Contempt.  We  think  every  thing  was  done  by  Mr.  Mor- 
gan to  Stop  this  affair — But  it  was  not  to  be  Stop'd — and 
it  Still  remains  a  Doubt  where  it  may  Stop. 

Col.  W.— Page  "(20.)  Mr.  Bacon  questions  Mr.  Elliott 
whether  the  latter  being  Settled  is  not  a  prejudice  to  the 
former.  Mr.  Winston  in  the  9th  Page  declares  that  Mr. 
Morgan  gave  Bacon  Permission  to  Settle  &  improve  the 
lands  contiguous  to  Him  &  it  wou'd  seem  so  or  why 
[should]  Mr.  Morgan  pay  Bacon  for  a  Barn  unjustly  built.-* 

Ans. — "The  chief  points,  as  they  appear  to  the  Court, 
are  whether  Mr.  Elliott  is  Settled,  or  has  incroached  on  lands 
belonging  to  Bacon's  plantation.  It  appears  by  Bonthorn's 
Evidence  that  he  has  done  Neither,  if  so  Mr.  Elliott  Can- 
not be  any  farther  a  Prejudice  to  Bacon  than  one  farmer 
woud  be  to  another,  on  Acct.  of  being  Situated  near  him. 
They  Refer  to  their  answers  to  the  Observations  on  fo:  9. 
They  look  upon  Mr.  Morgan's  offering  to  pay  Bacon  as  an 
Indulgence,  they  fear  hee'l  hardly  merit.  See  fo:  7  &  8  of 
the  Revisal. 

Col.  W. — Pages  "(21  &  22.)  Mr.  Morgan  Introduces  thro 
a  third  person  (Mr.  Elliott)  what  a  Certain  Gentn:  Shou'd 
Say,  why  not.?     Mr.  Rumsey  call'd  on  by  the  Court  to 


'  ' 


.;: 


U 


340 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


i^ 


answer  for  Mmself  thro'  the  whole  proceedings  as  a  princi- 
pal concern'd.  And  why  atn  I  brought  on  the  Carpet  as 
having  sent  messages  to  Mr.  ElHott  &  giving  Permission 
to  Settle  (fcc,  &;c.;  Mr.  Elliott  might  have  Acquainted  the 
Court  with  the  answers  I  gave  him  when  he  Spoke  to  me 
on  that  head  lately,  but  this  I  shall  take  more  cognizance 
of   in  due  time. 

Ans. — "Mr.  Elliott  did  mention  to  the  Court  a  Con- 
versation he  had  with  Mr.  Bacon,  in  which  Mr.  Bacon  in- 
troduc'd  A  Dialogue  between  him  and  Mr.  Rumsey  which 
they  by  no  means  think  redounds  to  the  credit  of  the 
latter.  The  Court  in  charity  declin'd  calling  on  Mr.  Rum- 
sey (tho'  they  clearly  perceiv'd  him  to  be  the  principal 
Manager  of  ye  Puppet)  But  resolv'd,  to  let  him  go  on 
working  in  the  Dark,  as  they  fear  not  many  of  that 
Gent'ns  actions,  wou'd  not  bear  being  brought  to  light.  As 
Lt.  Colonel  Wilkins's  Name  was  not  disrespectfully  men- 
tion'd,  but  only  introduc'd  in  Relating  matters  of  Fact 
The  Court  are  not  conscious  of  any  impropriety  in  permit- 
ting it. 

Col.  W. — Page  "(23.)  Mr.  Elliott  Seems  to  have  been  a 
busey  man  in  this  hearsay  Enqujry,  &  it  wou'd  Seem  time 
Enough  for  Mr.  Morgan  to  bring  in  the  Huggermugger 
proceedings  when  they  commence,  which  in  All  probability 
never  wou'd  have  been  the  case  if  Mr.  Elliott  had  not 
made  Encroachments  on  his  Improvements: 

Ans. — "In  answer  to  the  Observation  on  fo:  23.  The 
Court  are  Sorry  to  differ  in  Sentiment  from  Lt.  Colonel 
Wilkins,  they  are  far  from  thinking  that^  Mr.  Elliott  Acted 
otherwise  than  as  an  honest  man.  The  Enquiry  on  the 
part  of  Bacon,  may  be  justly  term'd  an  hearsay,  as  he  has 
not  brought  One  Single  Evidence  able  to  Support  his 
Allegations,  he  brought  one  Bonthorn  (O  Rediculous)  to 
relate  a  Story  to  the  Court  which  he  had  from  Bacon  him- 
self, this  may  Justly  be  deem'd  hearsay.     The  Court  are 


y  J 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS — COURT   OK    KNOUIRV. 


341 


of  Opinion  the  Huggermuggcr  Proceedings  have  h^ng  Since 
commenc'd.  It  docs  by  no  means  api)ear  to  the  Court 
that  EHiott  has  incroach'd  on  Hacon. 

Col.  W.— Page  "(24.)  Mr.  Morgan  llnters  on  his  Defence 
with  Assertaining  his  property  or  hinds  in  1  dispute,  lint  when 
Mr.  Winston  was  desir'd  by  the  Court  to  take  some  French- 
man's Opinion  on  like  occasion,  I  return'd  for  answer,  tiiat 
the  Deeds  only  Shou'd  carry  Weight  in  that  affair  &  hoped 
the  Court  would  be  of  same  Opinion. 

Ans. — "By  desire  of  the  Court,  Mr.  Morgan  did  prove 
his  Titles,  to  the  Lands  which  he  had  purchased  in  the  Grand 
Prairie,  which  they  Look'd  upon  to  be  well  authenticated, 
as  they  were  Sign'd  by  the  register  as  being  properly  re- 
corded. The  Attention  the  Court  paid  the  Deeds  has 
confirm'd  them  in  their  Opinion,  which  they  are  determin'd 
to  abide  by. 

Col.  W. — Page  "(25.)  Mr.  Hrown  Corroborates  perfectly 
with  Mr.  Morgan  in  every  thing  he  has  asserted  Respecting 
the  Boundaries  of  the  Plantation,  &  Messrs.  IClliott,  Kenedy, 
&  Louverie  have  measur'd  &  Settled  the  Boundaries  & 
Distance  &c;  without  my  Seeing  any  Title  thereto. 

Ans. — "It  Appear'd  to  the  Court,  that  Brown,  Elliott,  and 
Kennedy  did  measure  the  lands  for  Mr.  Morgan,  &  they 
are  all  clear  and  Exact  in  their  Accounts  of  the  Limits. 
The  Court  are  of  Opinion  the  Records  of  which  Lt.  Colo- 
nel Wilkins,  is  in  Possession,  wou'd  if  Examin'd,  Suffi- 
ciently Shew  the  Titles,  Notwithstanding  Lt.  Colo.  Wil- 
kins was  pleas'd  to  assert  in  Court,  That  Records  were  no 
proofs,  &  chu.  he  shou'd  Pay  no  Attention  to  them. 

Col.  W.— "N.  B.  No  notice  is  taken  in  the  proceed- 
ings of  Mr.  Bacon's  Assertion  respecting  Mr.  Morgan's 
Declaration  to  Elliott,  Viz.— That  they  had  made  Nine 
thousand  Livres  by  the  Plantation  the  first  Year.  Bacon's 
Observations  thereon  are  worthy  the  Notice  of  the  Court, 
by  which  means  they  will  be  better  able  to  Judge  of  Mr. 
Bacon's  Deserts.  (Sign'd)  John  Wilkins. 


lU 


342 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


I'  \ 


n 


r 


Ans. — "From  the  Large  Sums  Expended  by  Mr.  Mor- 
gan for  the  Benefit  of  Mr.  Bacon  &  the  Company  there 
ought  to  have  arose  very  handsome  Profits,  unless  Great 
missmanagement  Occasion'd  the  contrary.  The  Court  had 
a  Sufficient  Opportunity  during  the  Course  of  their  pro- 
ceedings to  Judge  of  Bacon's  Deserts, 

"The  Court  Possitively  Assert  that  neither  Mr.  Brown  or 
Mr.  McFee,  acted  in  any  indecent  manner  whatever  dur- 
ing their  Sitting.  They  are  Sorry  to  Observe  Lt.  Colonel 
Wilkins  has  paid  more  attention  to  Low  Tattle  than  to 
Assurances  of  his  Officers  in  this  matter. 


'  Lewis  Wynne,  Lt.  President. 
Alex.  Fowler,  Lt:  \  ^ 

Sign'd  :  ^  Thos:Hutchins,  6othRegt:  (  -g 
Wm.  Richardson,  Ensign.  '  - 
Wm.  Conolly,  Ensign."  * 


is 


'; 


Iv  ; 


•I 


h  i 


"Bacon's  Impertinent  Address." 

"To  the  Honourable  Court  of  Enquiry.  Gentlemen — 
I  have  nothing  further  to  Say  more  than  what  I  have  all- 
ready  mention'd  in  the  pagers  given  in  &  the  appeal  to 
which  I  refer,  I  therein  think  it  Clearly  explain'd,  that  the 
Settlement  of  Mr.  Elliott  or  any  Person  must  consequently 
prove  injurious  to  my  plantation,  render  all  my  Endea- 
vours abortive,  &  finally  enslave  me  by  a  continuance 
thereon.  Have  I  not  mention'd  Qattle  taken  from  me  to  be 
deliver'd  Mr.  Elliott  .!*  Mr.  Morgan  depriving  me  of  my 
Customers.!*  Is  not  the  Settlement  of  another  person  divid- 
ing his  powers  to  Serve  me.-*  And  is  it  natural  to  imagine 
that  I  can  proceed  with  the  Same  Industry  after  depriving 
me  of  that  which  was  the  only  means  of  Inducing  me  to 
Subscribe  to  Such  Severe  Terms.  Viz. — all  his  assistance. 
The  land  mention'd  in  the  Articles  I  never  cultivated,  my 

*  Endorsed: — "To  Colo.  Wilkins's  Observations  on  a  Court  of  Enquiry 
&c&c;  No.  6." 


'' 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OF    LNOUIRY. 


343 


present  Improvements  are  upon  the  King's  Lands  upon  the 
Hills.  Mr.  Elliott  Settled  there  also,  &  not  upon  any  pur- 
chase as  represented,  the  high  lands  never  having  been 
Grant'd  to  any  Person.  If  Mr.  Morgan  lays  any  Stress 
upon  the  plantation  mention'd  in  the  articles  (wherein  no 
Boundaries  are  discrib'd)  why  did  he  desire  me  to  cultivate 
the  high  lands.!*  or  lay  out  so  much  money  thereon.  Surely 
if  I  am  not  to  enjoy  what  I  have  Improv'd  at  least  for  my 
Seven  Years,  it  cannot  be  Expected  that  I  am  to  pay  any 
proportion  of  the  immense  Sums  laid  out  thereon.!*  without 
my  ever  being  Even  consulted.  Therefore,  I  humbly  flatter 
myself,  you  cannot  think  me  liable  for  any  Sums  Mr.  Mor- 
gan shall  think  proper  to  charge,  without  my  permission, 
being  a  joint  partner  I  declare  that  I  will  abide  by  no 
charges  or  Bargains  allready  or  hereafter  to  be  made  with- 
out my  knowledge  &  consent.  I  mean  by  this  the  Immense 
Sums  allready  said  to  be  Expended,  which  1  hope  no 
Court  of  honour  &  Justice  will  make  me  Subject  to,  tho  I 
have  been  and  was  this  day  in  the  utmost  despair,  The 
Honble.  Commdt:  in  this  Country  has  given  me  a  dawn  of 
hope  by  the  Expressions  he  made  use  of  this  day,  in  de- 
claring he  vvou'd  be  the  friend  &  Supporter  of  Every  hon- 
est man  in  Opposition  to  all  oppressors,  tho  the  Sufiferer 
be  even  a  Negroe  himself.  Although  I  understood  the 
present  Court  have  only  to  give  their  opinion  respecting 
the  matter  in  Debate,  I  humbly  flatter  myself  it  will  be  Such 
as  will  put  my  Course  in  Such  a  light  as  to  be  of  Service 
&  feel  my  Injuries  tho'  I  cant  Express  them,  for  the 
Reasons  Set  forth  this  day  by  Mr.  Kennedy,  &c; 

"P.  S.  I  must  once  more  appeal  to  the  papers  I  have  all- 
ready  given  in,  as  I  do  not  clearly  understand  many  of 
ye  questions  put  to  me. 

"I  am  with  Respect,  Gentlemen,  Your  most  humble 
Servt.  (Sign'd)     RiCHD.  Bacon. 

"Fort  Chartres,  loth  Octr:  1770." 
23-34-8 


I, '-'I* 

I 

•I* 


I 


i' 


344 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


"We  do  hereby  certify  that  the  above  is  a  malicious 

Insolent  Libel. 

'  Lewis  Wynne,  Lt. 
Alexr.  Fowler,  Lt. 
Sign'd:  j  Thos.  Hutchins,  Ens:  6oth  Reg, 
I  Wm.  Richardson,  Ensn: 
[  Wm.   Conolly,  Ens  :"* 

Rehearing  Proceedings. 

"By  an  Order  Issued  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  John  Wil- 
kins — The  Court  met  this  17th  of  October  nine  of  the 
clock  in  the  morning,  to  revise  their  proceedings  and  Sen- 
tence given  in  favour  of  Mr.  Morgan,  on  a  matter  of  Diff- 
erence between  said  Morgan  &  Richard  Bacon;  as  also  to 
answer  such  remarks  and  Observations  as  Colo,  Wilkins 
had  made  on  said  proceedings. 

"The  Court  being  Assembled,  all  Parties  were  admitted. 
The  Judge  Advocate  the^n  Read  Mr.  Bacon's  Remonstrance 
to  Colonel  Wilkins  for  a  Revisal  of  the  Proceedings;  also 
a  letter  from  Colo.  Wilkins  to  the  Court,  with  his  Opinion, 
and  Observations  on  the  proceedings,  &  Sentence  Annex'd. 

"Question  propos'd  by  the  Court  to  Mr.  Bacon. — 'As 
you  complain  of  a  Breach  of  the  Articles  of  Agreement 
(in  your  Remonstrance)  between  you  and  Mr.  Morgan, 
you'll  be  so  kind  as  to  point  out  to  the  Court  wherein  con- 
sists said  Breach  of  Articles.'*' 

"Mr.  Bacon.— 'I  look  upon  the  Land  Mr.  Elliott  is 
Settled  upon  as  belonging  to  the  Plantation,  I  agreed  with 
Boynton,  Wharton,  &  Morgan  to  Improve,  as  Mr.  Morgan 
gave  me  leave  to  Improve  it.' 

"Court  to  Mr.  Bacon. — 'Did  Mr.  Morgan  agree  with  you 
or  is  it  mention'd  in  your  Articles  of  Agreement  with  him, 
thr^t  he,  Mr.  Morgan,  was  not  at  Liberty  to  Settle  any 
Person  he  pleas'd  upon  any  Lands  he  might  in  future  pur- 

*  Endorsed : — "  Richd.  Bacon's  fourth  Impertinent  Address  to  the  Court, 
Dated  Ft.  Chart  res,  i8th  October,  1770.     No.  8." 


If 


' '    l^"t'.lffl 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENOUIRY 


545 


chase  after  your  Agreement  with  him  the  2ist  March  1768?' 

"Bacon. — *I  never  understood  from  Mr.  Mortijan,  that  he 
had  any  Intention  to  Settle  any  other  person  near  the 
plantation  he  had  Settled  me  upon.' 

"Court. — 'Do  you  look  upon  the  Land  now  Occupied  by 
Mr.  Elliott,  to  be  the  Lands  or  part  of  the  Lands  alluded 
to  in  your  Articles  of  Agreement  with  Mr.  Morgan .^' 

"Bacon.-^'I  looked  upon  it  as  part  of  the  Plantation, 
because  Mr.  Morgan  desir'd  me  to  Improve  it.' 

"Court. — 'Was  it  immediately  after  your  Agreement 
with  Mr.  Morgan,  that  he  gave  you  Liberty  to  Improve 
the  Lands  now  Occupied  by  Mr.  Elliott.-'' 

"Paeon. — 'No;  it  was  not  immediately — it  was  some 
time  After.' 

"William  Bonthorn  a  witness  of  Mr.  l^acon's  being  call'd 
upon;  did  not  appear.  Mr.  Bacon  being  ask'd  by  the 
Court,  what  this  Bonthorn  was  to  prove.  Answer'd,  that 
he  had  often  heard  him  Say,  that  the  Plantation'  was  four- 
teen Acres  in  Fron^  extending  in  Length  from  the  Roches 
to  the  Mississippi. 

"Mr.  Bacon  complains  in  his  Remonstrance  to  Colonel 
Wilkins,  of  being  often  Reprov'd  by  the  Court,  and  told 
that  every  thing  was  going  against  him,  and  that  in  abso- 
lute Despair  of  doing  himself  Justice  he  forbore  mention- 
ing many  things  he  cou'd  have  done.  Being  ask'd  by  the 
Court  in  what  manner  he  was  Reprov'd.  He  Says,  the 
Court  told  him  that  they  were  very  Sorry  to  ob.serve,  that 
they  looked  upon  him  once,  as  a  very  Industrious,  .Sober, 
honest  man,  but  they  thought  him  now  a  very  troublesome 
Litigious  F'ellow,  'and  that  if  I  did  not  bring  Iwidence  to 
prove  what  I  had  Asserted  against  Mr.  Morgan  more 
clearly  than  what  I  had  Done,  I  must  turn  out  a  Scoundrel 
at  last:  and  also  that  if  I  did  not  Support  the  charge  of 
the  Ox  brought  against  Mr.  Morgan,  that  Mr.  Morgan 
cou'd  bring  an  Action  against  me  at  common  Law.'     Mrs. 


ii 


'f 


346 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


it 


li'  'i 


Casey  being  call'd  upon  by  Mr.  Bacon  with  respect  to  Mr. 
Brown  (a  clerk  of  Mr.  Morgan's)  telling  Mr.  Bacon,  that 
one  of  his  cattle  had  Stray'd  to  Post  St.  Vincent,  and 
being  ask'd  by  the  Court  what  She  knew  of  this  matter, 
Says — that  She  heard  Mr.  Brown  &  Mr.  Bacon  talking 
about  Twenty  Six  head  of  cattle,  that  were  brought  from 
Post  St.  Vincent  to  the  Plantation;  and  that  Mr.  Brown 
told  Mr.  Bacon  that  one  of  them  had  Stray'd  back  to  Post 
St.  Vincent. 

"Mr.  Bacon  having  none  of  his  Evidences  present  the 
Court  was  oblig'd  to  Adjourn  till  to  morrow  morning  Nine 
of  the  Clock,  when  all  parties  were  Order'd  to  give  Atten- 
dance." 

"Thursday,  i8th  October,  1770.  The  Court  met  this 
morning  at  Nine  of  the  Clock  pursuant  to  Adjournment. 

"William  Bonthorn  came  before  the  Court  as  an  Evi- 
dence in  favour  of  Mr.  Bacon.  Being  desir'd  by  the  Court 
to  Relate  what  he  knew  of  the  matter  in  Debate  between 
Mr.  Morgan  &  Mr.  Bacon  Says — that  he  heard  Mr.  Bacon 
Say,  that  he  intended  to  fence  in  a  piece  of  Ground,  which 
he  imagin'd  wou'd  extend  his  Plantation  Fourteen  Acres 
in  Front.  He  adds  that  he  has  heard  Mr.  Bacon  Say,  that 
Mr.  Morgan  has  purchas'd  more  lands  &  that  he  under- 
stood that  Mr.  Bacon  was  to  improve  the  last  purchase  as 
well  as  the  First. 

"Mr.  Bacon  desires  Bonthorn  to  relate  to  the  Court, 
what  he  knows  concerning  the  Improvements  he  had  made 
where  Mr.  Elliott  is  now  Settled. 

"Bonthorn. — 'Some  time  before  I  went  to  Mr.  Bacon's 
to  live  which  was  in  Septr:  1768  Mr.  Bacon  had  clear'd  a 
Small  piece  of  Land,  and  intended  he  said  to  make  a 
Field  there.  I  know  of  no  other  Improvements,  but  a 
Small  House  that  was  built  by  Agreement  for  one  Camp- 
bell, who  Imagin'd  was  to  Settle  there.  We  cut  some  Tim- 
.  ber  ofif  Said  land,  for  building  A  Barn  and  other  Uses.* 


4 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY.  347 

"Court  to  Mr.  Bacon.— 'Mr.  Bacon  you  have  Set  forth 
in  your  Petition  that  you  was  told  every  thing  was  going 
against  you— be  kind  Enough  to  relate  to  the  Court  from 
whom  you  had  this  Information.?' 

"Mr.  Bacon.— 'Mr.  Fowler  told  me  so.' 

"Mr.  Patrick  Kennedy  was  call'd  upon  by  Mr.  Bacon  to 
relate  to  the  Court  what  passed  on  the  27th  September 
last  between  the  Judge  Advocate,  Court  &  Mr.  Bacon; 
Deliver'd  to  the  Court  the  Annex'd  Paper  which  was  Read 
Publickly  by  the  Judge  Advocate,  all  Parties  Present.[:] 

Patrick  Kennedy's  Evidence. 

"Gentlemen:— On  the  27th  Day  of  Septemr.  I  was 
Call'd  upon  by  Mr.  Morgan  to  attend  a  Court  of  Enquiry 
held  at  Fort  Chartres  &  during  my  Stay  there  happened 
the  following  words  between  the  Judge  Advocate  &  Mr 
Bacon : 

"  1st.  Judge  Advocate.— 'Mr.  Bacon  you  see  that  all  these 
witnesses  you  got  this  day  is  all  Against  you,  so  I  beg 
you  will  desist  from  asking  them  any  more  questions.' 

"Mr.  Bacon. — 'Gentlemen,  I  think  the  Evidences  are  as 
much  in  my  favour  as  in  Mr.  Morgan's  as  they  make  the 
Sum  one  hundred  &  fifty  Livres  more  than  was  mention'd.' 

"Court. — 'You  have  no  Right  to  think  about  it  at  all, 
Sir.' 

"2d.  J.  Advocate. — 'Mr.  Bacon  I  must  needs  tell  you, 
you  have  bad  Advisers  that  may  lead  you  into  Scrapes, 
that  you  wont  readily  get  out  of,  (I  Suppose  you  will  tell 
that  to  Mr.  Rumsey  to  go  along  with  the  rest,  you  have  told 
him)  for  my  part  I  dont  Care  what  you  tell  him,  &  you 
may  tell  him  I  said  So.' 

"Mr.  Morgan. — 'I  have  been  a  Good  friend  to  you  Mr. 
Bacon  &  does  Still  intend  it  notwithstanding  what  has 
happened.' 

"3d.     J.  Advocate. — 'You  see  Mr.  Bacon  what  Mr.  Mor- 


'j 


■MMIM 


348 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


gan  Says  that  he  will  Still  be  your  friend  tho  you  have 
brought  things  to  Such  a  head.' 

"Mr.  Bacon. — 'I  disregard  any  Services  yt  Mr.  Morgan 
may  do  for  me,  as  I  Dont  Intend  to  have  any  thing  to  do 
with  him  for  the  future.' 

"4th.  J.  Advocate. — 'You  are  A  very  impertinent  fel- 
low I  must  needs  tell  you,  Mr.  Bacon,  that  is  no  answer  to 
give  here,  your  Character  heretofore,  was  very  good  in  the 
Eyes  of  Every  one  but  now  we  find  that  you  will  Appear 
a  Troublesome,  wrangling  Sort  of  a  fellow,  and  if  you 
dont  bring  better  proofs  to  Support  what  you  have  Alleged 
against  Mr.  Morgan  I  am  afraid  you  will  turn  out  the 
Scoundrel  &  Rascal  at  last;  you  have  got  above  your  busi- 
ness, like  a  great  many  others  when  they  Come  to  this 
Country.' 

"Mr.  Bacon. — 'Gentlemen  I  am  very  Sorry  that  I  should 
Say  any  thing  to  Disoblige  the  Court,  &  Humbly  beg 
Pardon.' 

"The  above  is  an  Impartial  Acct.  to  the  best  of  my 
knowledsfe  &  remembrance.     I  am  Gentlemen  Your  Hum- 


ble Servant. 


(Signd)     Patt.  Kennedy." 


br 


' :.    I 


Jl     I' 


"Mr.  Fowler's  Remarks  on  Mr.  Kennedy's  Evidence: — 

The  first  Charge  (if  it  can  be  Call'd  by  that  Appelation)  I 
partly  allow  Except  the  Diction  which  I  absolutely  den)-. 
This  was  as  Mr.  Kennedy  Says  on  the  27th  September,  & 
he  might  have  added,  when  Monsr.  La  Source,  who  was 
called  upon  by  Mr.  Bacon  to  Support  Some  charges  against 
Mr.  Morgan,  was  giving  his  Evidence — see  Page  17  of  the 
proceedings.  Whether  or  not  it  was  my  business  as  Judge 
Advocate  to  desire  Bacon  to  desist  from  calling  Evidence 
that  was  hurtful  to  his  cause,  I  leave  to  the  Deci.ssion  of 
Colo.  VVilkins  and  every  other  man  of  Probity,  Impartial- 
ity &  Common  sense.  To  Mr.  Kennedy's  Second  Charge, 
there  was  also  some  such  Discourse  happened,  tho  far  from 


BRITISH    ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY.  349 

being  Verbatim.  As  it  was  Evident  tliat  Mr.  Bacon  cou'd 
not  write  the  papers  deliver'd  to  the  Court,  it  was  natural 
to  think,  &  without  doubt,  he  had  advisers:  And  as  I  had 
a  Letter  from  Mr.  Rumsey  the  preceding  Evening,  hinting 
to  me,  not  to  be  premature  in  giving  my  Opinion  of  a  man 
I  had  yet  httle  knowledge  of  &  who  wish'd  me  well,  I  was 
Convinc'd  that  Mr.  Bacon  had  Commenc'd  Tatler— &  an 
Infamous,  lying,  Slandering  Tatler,  too.  1  answer'd  Mr. 
Ramsey's  Letter  to  his  Satisfaction.  I  therefore  on  telling 
&  advising  him  to  desist,  said  that  whoever  was  his  advo- 
cate in  this  matter,  I  thought  him  a  very  bad  one:  that  if 
it  was  Mr.  Rumsey,  Bacon  (as  he  had  Commenc'd  Carry- 
ing Extraordinary  Intelligence)  might  if  his  memory  cou'd 
retain  it.  Communicate  what  I  said  to  Mr,  Rumsey;  for 
what  I  had  Said,  or  wou'd  Say,  in  that  Court,  I  wou'd  Say, 
if  Mr.  Rumey  and  all  the  world  was  present. 

'*As  to  the  fourth  Charge,  from  an  answer  l^acon  gave 
to  Mr.  Morgan  I  did  Say  that  I  thought  he  was  a  very 
Impertinent  fellow  &  added  that  I  was  Sorry  for  it  as  I 
had  even  heard  Mr.  Morgan  Speak  of  him  with  a  Warmth, 
which  he  little  deserved  from  what  he  had  now  said. 

"In  the  Course  of  the  proceedings  &  from  the  Style  & 
nature  of  the  papers  Deliver'd  to  the  Court  from  time  to 
time  he  has  fix'd  an  Opinion  with  me  which  only  an 
Oposite  Behaviour  of  Mr.  Bacon  can  Eradicate. 

Alex.  Fowler,  Lt.  in  the 
"Fort  Chartres,     i8th  or  Royal  Irish  Regiment  of  Foot, 

19th  October  1770.     &  acting  Dep'y  Judge  Advocate."* 

"Mr.  Bacon  desires  lionthorn  to  relate  to  the  Court 
what  he  knows  of  him  (Mr.  Ikicon)  receiving  two  Hogs 
from  one  Gotio,  for  which  Mr.  Morgan  has  charg'd  him 
one  hundred  &  Sixty  Livres. 

*"Mr.    Patrick   Kennedy's  Evidence  — what  pa;;s"d   in   Court  27  Septemr 
last,  with  Mr.  Fowler's  remarks  theron.     No.  7." 


1 


I 


350 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


B 


I-  * 

1'^ 


h 


"Bonthorn  -I  Remember  Mr.  Bacon  bringing  one  Sow 
from  Kaskaskia,  when  I  was  with  him  in  the  latter  end  of 
Year  1768,  but  I  Remember  of  no  more.' 

"Mr.  Bacon  Still  insisting  that  he  did  not  receive  the 
two  Hoggs  from  Gotio  for  which  Mr.  Morgan  had  charg'd 
him  one  hundred  &  Sixty  Livres  —  adding  that  he  was 
willing  to  make  [an  oath]  that  ho  never  Receiv'd  them. 

"Mr.  Morgan  to  Bonthorn. — 'Is  the  Land  which  you 
have  mention'd  to  the  Court  in  your  former  Evidence  to 
be  Plow'd  or  Improv'd  by  Mr.  Bacon;  is  it,  in  the  Grand 
Prairie,  or  on  the  back  of  the  Roches.-*' 

"Bonthorn. — 'It  is  Situated  on  the  Grand  Prairie.' 

"Court. — 'Has  Elliott  made  Encroachments  thereon.-*' 

"Bonthorn, — 'I  dont  think  he  has.' 

"Mr.  Morgan  to  Bonthorn. —  ' Has  Mr.  Elliott  En- 
croach'd  on  the  Plantation  Assign'd  to  Mr.  Bacon  in  any 
respect.-*' 

"Bonthorn. — 'I  know  of  no  Encroachments  except  Mr. 
Elliott's  calfs  getting  among  his  corn  may  be  Esteem'd 
one: — and  I  dont  remember  that  there  was  any  Fences  to 
keep  them  out.' 

"Mr.  Morgan.— 'Was  the  House  Built  by  Mr.  Bacon 
Occupied;  or  did  Mr.  Bacon  make  any  use  of  it  when  Mr. 
Elliott  took  possession  .-*' 

"Bonthorn. — 'No;  It  was  not.' 

"Mr.  Morgan.— 'Had  Mr.  Bacon  ever  plow'd  the  Land 
he  talks  of  Improving,  or  had  he  ever  Fenced  it  in.?' 

"Bonthorn.— 'No.' 

"Mr.  Morgan.— 'Was  the  House  built  by  Mr.  Bacon  of 
any  use  or  advantage  to  the  Plantation.?' 

"Bonthorn. — 'I  suppose  Mr.  Bacon  intended  it  to  be  of 
use,  but  I  dont  think  it  was  of  any.' 

"  Mr.  Bacon  desires  that  Mr.  Patrick  Kennedy  will  re- 
late to  the  Court,  what  he  has  heard  Mr.  Elliott  Say  with 
Respect  of  his  being  Settled  where  he  is. 


h 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY.  351 

"Mr.  Kennedy  Says  he  has  heard  Mr.  Elliott  Say  in 
common  discourse,  that  he  thought  he  was  prejudicial  to 
Mr.  Bacon,  by  being  Settled  where  he  was.  and  observ'd, 
that  by  having  the  use  of  the  Spring  &  cutting  the  Tim- 
ber that  Mr.  Bacon  formerly  had  the  use  of,  must  be  of 
great  disadvantage  to  him. 

"Mr.  Morgan  to  Mr.  Kennedy.— 'Did  Mr.  Elliott  say  he 
was  Illegally  or  unjustly  a  disadvantage  to  Mr.  Bacon.?' 

"Mr.  Kennedy.— 'No.  He  did  not,  He  said  it  was  of 
no  kind  of  Consequence  to  him  for  that  Mr.  Morgan  was 
to  find  him  a  Plantation.' 

"Mr.  Morgan  to  Bonthorn. — 'You'll  relate  to  the  Court 
what  you  know,  and  what  pass'd  between  Mr.  Bacon  and 
yourself  regarding  the  remarkable  Fat  Ox  at  Kaskaskia 
now  in  Question.?' 

"Bonthorn. — 'One  day  after  Breakfast  at  Mr.  Elliott's, 
Mr.  Bacon  was  talking  to  Mr.  Elliott  about  the  Ox.  They 
call'd  to  me — and  Mr.  Bacon  Ask'd  me  if  I  remember'd 
Such  an  Ox,  mentioning  the  colour.  I  said  I  remember'd 
the  Ox,  as  he  was  pretty  remarkable.  I  told  Mr.  Elliott 
tSz;  Mr.  Brown  what  Age  I  thought  he  was  of;  and  Mr. 
Elliott  at  the  same  time  said  that  by  the  Discription  I  had 
given  of  him  he  Suppos'd  it  was  the  same  Ox.  Some 
days  after  this  Mr.  Bacon  went  down  to  Kaskaskia  to  see 
the  Ox;  and  he  desir'd  me  to  go  down  afterward,  &  take 
some  Potatoes  to  Mr.  Morgan,  and  make  myself  certain  if 
this  was  the  Ox:  I  asked  of  Mr.  Bacon  what  I  shou'd  Say 
to  Mr.  Morgan,  when  I  went  down  concerning  the  Ox :  Mr. 
Bacon  told  me  by  no  means  to  Speak  of  the  Ox  to  Mr. 
Morgan,  as  I  wou'd  See  him  in  the  Yard  Amongst  the 
other  cattle — after  I  had  taken  a  look  at  the  Ox,  I  told 
Mr.  Bacon  that  I  cou'd  not  be  positive,  whether  it  was  the 
same  Ox  or  not,  as  his  colour  had  chang'd;  altho  from  his 
Shape  &>  Appearance  I  thought  it  was  the  Ox,  Yet  I  cou'd 
not  venture  to  make  Oath  that  it  was.'     Bonthorn  Adds, 


/ 


1-^ 
f 


354 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


il 


> 


I  I 


Hi 


"A  Breach  of  the  Articles  of  Agreement,  being  the 
only  matter  in  Our  Opinion,  Bacon  shoud  have  attended 
to,  yet  this  was  Artfully  Avoided :  and  when  Mr.  Morgan 
was  desiring  &  Impressing  Mr.  Bacon  to  prove  His  allega- 
tions with  respect  to  A  Breach  in  the  Articles  of  Agree- 
ment, Colo:  Wilkins  being  presont  repremanded  him;  and 
told  him  that  he  disturb'd  the  Court;  and  also  said  in  open 
Court,  that  he  was  Convinced  Mr.  Morgan  was  Guilty  of  a 
Breach  of  Articles;  and  that  the  Court  had  no  Right  to 
give  Sentence,  only  to  give  their  Opinion. 

"The  Court  thinks  that  they  were  Interrupted  in  their 
proceedings  by  Colonel  Wilkins  being  present;  and  also 
thinks  that  Colonel  Wilkins  from  what  he  said  looks  upon 
the  Gentlemen  that  constitute  this  Court  in  so  Cypherical 
&  Indifferent  a  sense,  as  to  be  Incapable  of  giving  an 
honest  Impartial  Opinion.  This  the  Gentlemen  of  the 
Court  are  sorry  to  observe,  and  it  is  with  the  utmost  con- 
cern they  mention  it.  But  from  Colonel  Wilkins  allowing 
of  an  Appeal,  thro  the  Channel  of  Himself;  couch'd  in  a 
collection  of  words  foreign  to  the  Dispute ;  Replete  with 
bitter  Ill-timed  Invective;  with  Impertinent  &  Groundless 
Reflections,  and  with  A  Variety  of  False,  Scandalous,  & 
Imaginary  Assertions,  they  cou'd  not  with  Safety,  &  Jus- 
tice to  themselves.  Pass  it  Over  altogether  Unnotic'd. 

"What  they  have  done,  has  been  done  Cooly  &  Deliber- 
ately; is  the  Dictates  of  honest,  upright  Hearts,  Supported 
by  clear  &  uninterrupted  Imaginations;  Free,  &  unfetter'd, 
by  malice.  Envy,  Prejudice  or  Partiality,  we  have  here- 
unto Annex'd  our  Opinions.  Conscious  of  this  (tho  much 
concern'd  for  Differing  so  widely  in  Opinion  from  Colonel 
Wilkins)  we  have  Subscrib'd  our  Names,  without  Trembling 
with  Guilt,  as  Bacon  wou'd  Intimate,  or  without  Shaking 
for  the  consequences." 

"The  Court  in  Consequence  of  Colonel  Wilkin's  Orders 
of  the  1 6th  of  this  Instant  met  to  revise  their  Proceedings, 


BRITISH   ILLINOIS— COURT   OF   ENQUIRY.  355 

and  Sentence  pass'd  the  4th  of  this  Instant  on  a  matter  of 
Difiference  between  Geo:  Morgan  Esqr.  &  Mr.  Richard 
Bacon,  as  also  to  answer  such  Remarks,  and  Observations, 
as  Colonel  Wilkins  had  made  on  said  proceedings,  And 
after  having  carefully  Revis'd  f  ;j  proceedings,  &  Exam- 
in'd  what  other  Witnesses  Mr.  Bacon  Call'd  upon  to  Sup- 
port his  charges,  as  well  as  Read  and  HeedfuUy  meditated 
on  his  Remonstrance,  and  his  paper  deliver'd  to  the  Judge 
Advocate  the  i8th  Instant;  are  unanimously  &  Firmly  of 
Opinion,  that  his  Remonstrance,  as  well  as  paper  of  the 
1 8th,  are  Infamous,  Impertinent  Libels,  on  the  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Court;  And  that  neither  they,  nor  the  wit- 
nesses he  has  call'd  upon,  has  in  any  Degree  whatever, 
Prov'd,  that  Mr.  Morgan  has  oppress'd  Mr.  Bacon,  & 
therefore  we  must  beg  leave  to  Refer  Lieut.  Colonel  Wil- 
kins to  the  Sentence  or  Opinion  given  by  us  the  4th  of 
October,  which  is  Annex'd  to  the  Proceedings,  and  which 
we  must  out  of  regard  for  our  own  Honour,  as  well  as 
Justice  to  the  parties  concern'd  Religiously  Abide  by. 

"And  we  do  hereby  Refer  Lt.  Colo.  Wilkins  To  said 
Sentence  or  Opinion  Accordingly. 

(Sign'd)  A.  Fowler,    Lt.  in  iSth  or 
Royal  Irish  Regt:  of  Foot,  Acting  D'y  Judge  Advocate. 

'  Lewis  Wynne,  Lt.  &  Presdt. 
Alex.r.  Fowler,  Lt.  \  i2 

Thos.  Hutch  ins,  Ens.  60th  Regt:  (^^ 
Wm.  Richardson,  Ensn:  i   | 

[Wm.  Conolly,  Ensn:"*  )  "^ 


Sign'd; 


The  court  certainly  came  out  ahead  in  the  matter  of  the 
rehearing.  It  not  only  reaffirmed  its  former  judgment  and 
reiterated  in  additionally  strong  language  its  former  opinion 
of  the  defendant,  but  insinuated  as  positively  as  it  could, 

*  Endorsed: — "Minutes  on  the  Revisal  of  a  Court  of  Enquiry  on  a 
Matter  of  Difference  between  Geo :  Morgan  Esqr :  &  Mr.  Richard  Bacon, 
Commencing  the  i6th  &  Ending  the  20th  October  1770." 


hi^ 


I! 


156 


KAHLY    ILLINOIS. 


within  courteous  bounds,  its  opinion  of  the  commandant. 

It  was  doubtless  out  of  this  and  other  like  proceedings, 
and  his  disposition  to  make  grants  of  land  to  favored  pur- 
chasers, reserving  an  interest  for  his  own  benefit,  that  there 
grew  up  a  very  bad  state  of  feeling  in  the  Illinois  country 
between  the  commandant  and  the  different  classes  of  citi- 
zens, which  increasing  in  factional  bitterness  finally  resulted 
in  bringing  charges  against  Col.  Wilkins  for  mal-adminis- 
tion,  especially  in  charging  the  government  with  sums  ex- 
pended for  his  private  account.  He  invited  an  investiga- 
tion and  tendered  his  resignation  in  September,  1771,  but 
was  not  superseded  in  his  command  until  the  following 
spring,  when  he  left  for  New  York  and  sailed  for  London 
in  July,  1772.'-^ 

We  have  no  account  of  the  result  of  the  investigation, 

nor  of  the  colonel's  subsequent  career,  except  that  it  is 

stated  that  he  died  or  left  the  army  at  the  close  of  the 

year  1775,  his  name  not  thereafter  appearing  on  the  army- 

list.t 

*  Brymner's  "Calendar  of  Canadian  Archives,  report  of  1884,"  pages  54 
and  56. 

t  "Colonial  History  of  New  York,"  VIII,  185. 


iik.L 


FERGUS'    HISTORICAL    SERIES,   Nos.   31,  32,  33,  b  n  d  34. 


INDEX 


TO 


EARLY    ILLINOIS 


PARIS    I,    II,   III,  AM)    IV. 


.\l)be,  Fran^oi-s  Noize,  dit  1',  St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  81,  85,  90,  ^i. 

Abbott,  Lieut. -Gov.  Kdwarcl,  at  Vin- 
cenne.5,  242,  242  n,  262,  264,  265, 
267,  272,  273,  277,  279,  28011,  288. 

Aboite  River,  208  n. 

Acadians,  Rocheblave's  plan  for  set- 
tling on  the  Mississippi,  249. 

Adams,  John   (^uincy,  president,    21, 

40.  I34- 
Aime,  Charles,  head  of  family,  Prairie 

du  Rocher,  17S3,  66. 
Alaint,  ,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 

kia,  1790,  77. 
Allaire,  Louis,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 

85- 
Allard,   Augustin,    Prairie  du  Rocher 

militia,  1790,  87. 
Allard,  Pierre,  head  of  family,  Prairie 

du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 
Allary  (Alary,  Alari),  Baptiste,  74. 
AUary,  Bazil,  Kaska.skia  militia,  75,  85, 

95- 
Allary,  Clement,  head  of  family,  (.aho- 

kia,  1783,   67,  70,  71;  St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  80,  88. 

Allary,  Domitilde,  widow,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  61. 

Allary  (Alary),  Lieut.  Jean  Bap.,  head 
of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  67,  70,  71, 
73,  85,  93;  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 
84,  85,  88. 

Allary,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia, 1*783,  70. 

Allary,  Marie,  wid.  of  Joseph,  head  of 
family,  Cahokia,  1783,  68,  71. 

Alleghany  Mountains,  19,  100,  156. 

Allemand,  Jean  1',  head  of  fam.,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Allison,  John,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  61. 

Almon's  "Remembrancer, "cited,  244n. 


Alphonsn, ,  St.CIair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  88. 

Alps,  France,  231. 

Amelin,  Laurent,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia, 1783,  68,  70,  71;  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  84,  88. 

American  Fur-Co.,  44,  45,  46,  47,  49. 

"American  State  Papers,"  cited,  58 n, 
103  n,  120  n.  127  n,  i2Sn,  251  n. 

.Vnderson,  David,  juror  in  Rice- Jones 
murder  case,  149. 

Anderson,  John,  juror  in  Rice-Jones 
murder  case,  149. 

Anderson,  Joseph,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  76?,  85. 

Andre,  Jean,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  61. 

Andre,  jr.  (Jean  ?),  entitled  to  dona- 
tion, 95. 

Andre  Sonn, ,  res.  of  Kaskaskia, 

1790,  76. 

Andrews,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia, 1783,  68,  70. 

"  Annals  of  Congress,"  cited,  Ii7n. 

Antalliard,  Felicite,  wid,  J.  B.  Dumas, 
head  of  fam.,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  71. 

Antaya,  Antoine,  jr.,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  61. 

Antaya,  Antoine  Pelletier,  sr.,  dit,  head 
of  family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  61,  86,87 

Antaya,  Michel,  dit  Pelletier,  head  of 
fam.,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  61,  69;  1790, 
76;  St.  Clair-Co.  mil.,  71,  73,  84,  88, 

Antaya,  Toimetre,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  74. 

Apalachians,  272. 

"Appleton's  Cyclopadia   of  Biogra- 
phy," cited,  22. 

Archambeau,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  82,  88. 

Ardouin, ,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia, 1783,  68. 

Ardoin, ,  heirs  of,  in  St.  Clair  Co.,. 

1783,  70,  71- 


a 


t- 


358 


EARLY   ILLINOIS, 


m 


pi 


Arkansas  Territory,  136. 

Arkouet,  Antoine,  head  of  family,  Kas- 

kaskia,  1783,  61. 
Armstrong,   John,    secretary   of  war, 

2'.  39- 
Arundel,  William,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  82,  88. 

Ashley,  Gen.  Wm.  H.,  senator  from 
Arkansas,  123. 

Ask  in,  John,  letter  to,  cited,  2560. 

Astor,  John  Jacob,  45. 

Atchison,  Alexander,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  88. 

Atchison,  Lieut,  George,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  78,  89,  93. 

Aubuchon,  Gabriel  d',  residing  at  Kas- 
kaskia,  1790,  77,  95. 

Aubuchon,  Mary  Louise,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66, 

Aubuchon,  Raphael  d',  St. Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  89. 

Aumie,  Jean  Baptiste,  entitled  to  do- 
nation, 95. 

Austin,  Moses,  with  J.  R.  Jones  erected 
first  cupola  furnace  in  U.  S.,  118, 

Austin,  Texas,  San  Felipe  de,  129. 

Austin,  Hon,  Stephen  F,,  129. 


Babcock,  Mrs.  Gen.  Orville  E.,  137  n. 

Backus,  Elijah,  of  Kaskaskia,  144,  145, 
146,  147,  148,  150. 

Bacon,  Richard,  of  Kaskaskia,  pro- 
ceedings in  court  of  enquiry,  294-356. 

BadoUet,  John,  commissioner  of  land- 
ofifice  at  Vincennes,  34,  1 10. 

Bahatte,  Antoine,  at  Kaskaskia,  1790, 
76. 

Daily,  Amoris,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  93. 
Ballew  (Bellow), Timothy,  St. Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  61,  71,  89, 

Balme,  Col.  Augustin  Moltin  de  la, 
207,  207  n,  210,  260  n, 

Barbau  (Barbeau),  Andre,  Prairie  du 
Rocher  militia,  1790,  87,  95. 

Barbau,  Capt.  Jean  Baptiste,  jr.,  head 
of  family,  Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783, 
66,  67,  88. 

Barbau,  Capt.  Jean  Baptiste,  sr.,  head 
of  family,  Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783, 
66,  66  n,  67;  com'd't  of  Prairie  du 
Rocher,  164;  of  the  Court  of  Kas- 
kaskia, 165. 

Barbour,  Capt.  Philip,  219,  220, 

Barger  Bros.,  of  Vincennes,  103, 

Barger,  Christina,  of  Vincennes,  wife 
of  Diego  Roderiques,  128. 


Barger,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Baptiste  la 
Chapelle,  128. 

Barger,  Frederick,  127. 

Barger,  George,  127. 

Barger,  (Jeorge,  jr,,  127, 

Barger,  Margaret,  127, 

Barger,   Mary,   second  wife  of  John 
Rice  Jones,  126,  127,  128. 

Barger,  Peter,  127. 

Barger,  Susan,  wife  of  Wm.  Shannon, 
128. 

Barker,  Mathias,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  61, 

Baron,  Jean  Baptiste,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  89. 

Barrois,  Fran9ois,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  61, 

Barron, ,  Court  of  St.  Vincennes, 

165. 

Barron,  Gabriel,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia,  1783,  68,  70. 

Barron,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  71;  St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  82. 

Barron,  ,  widow  of  Gabriel,  head 

of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  71. 

Barrow,  Richard,  St,  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  93- 
Barry,  Hon.  Wm.  T,,  123. 

Birtalon, ,  death  of,  262. 

Barton,  Hon.  David,  122,  123. 
Barutel,  Antoine,  called  Noel  Toulouse 

Kaskaskia  militia,  1790,  85,  86, 
Barutel  (Bautel),  Blaise,  head  of  fam 

ily,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  61,  75, 
Barutel,  dit  Toulouse,  Henry,  Kaskas 

kia  militia,  1790,  85, 
Basque,  Pierre  le,  Kaskaskia  militia 

1790,  85,  95. 
Basye,  John,  St,  Clair-County  militia 

1795.  93- 
Eisye,  William,  St.  Clair-Co,  militia 

795,  93- 
Fates,  Hon.  Edward,  38,  123. 
Bates,  Frederick,  secretary  of  territory 

Upper  Louisiana,  37;  note  on,  37  n 

120. 
Bates,  Thos,  Fleming,  father  of  Fred 

erick  and  Edward,  37. 
Baubin, ,  partisan  at  the  Miamis, 

1780,  2IO. 
Baugi,  Joseph,  head  of  family,   Kas 

kaskia,  1783,  61. 
Bauvais,  Alexis,  head  of  family,  Kas 

kaskia,  1783,  61,  75, 
Bauvais,  Antoine,  head  of  family,  Kas 

kaskia,  1783,  61 ;  member  of  Court 

of  Kaskaskia,   166,    179,   180,    181 

182,  183,  184, 


'H'^-fX''-*;. 


INDKX. 


359 


IJauvais  (Ueauvais),  Jean  Baptiste  St. 
Geme,  head  of  family,  Kaskaskia, 
1783,  61,  77  n;  Court  of  Kaskaskia, 
1787,  166,  179,  I  So,  181,  183. 

Hauvais,  Marie  llelene  Ste.  (Jcme,  wife 
of  Nicholas  Canada,  26. 

liauvais,  Marie  Louise,  widow,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  6i. 

Hauvais, ,  of  Kaskaskia.  ^ii,  328. 

Hauvais,  Therese  .St.  Gtinmc,  resiclent 
of  Kaskaskia,  20;  reference,  26,  28, 

Bauvais,  L'rsule  Ste.  (jtme,  26. 

Bauvais,  Vital,  jr.,  Kaskaskia  militi.T. 
1790,  85. 

Bauvais,  Vitale  Ste.  Cicme.  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  61,  77,  77n,  96, 
166,  179,  180,  181,  182,  183,  184. 

Bavarel,  Tousaint,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87. 

Bayatte,  Antoine,  76. 

Bayly,  William,  of  Kaskaskia,  1S2. 

Beaudoin,  Jean,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  61. 

Beaulieu,  ,  of  Cahokia,  71  n. 

Beaulieu,  Capt.  ,  (.Cahokia  militia, 

1779,  164;  member  Court  of  Caho- 
kia, 1779,  165. 

Beaulieu,  Bazile,  St.Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  82,  89. 

Beaulieu  (Beaulioux),  Jean,  St.  Clair- 
County  militia,  1790,  82,  89. 

Beaulieu,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  89. 

Beaulieu,  Sergt.  Michel,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  82,  89. 

Beaulieu, (Chauvin),  widow,  head  of 

fam.,  Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  71,  71  n. 

Beauregard,  Louis  Tousaint,  merchant 
of  New  Orleans,  184,  218,  228. 

Beaver  Lake,  Indiana,  48. 

Becasse,  Jean  lite.  Chartron,  alias  la, 
St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  81,  89. 

Becquet,  Srs.  ,  279. 

Bedford  County,  Va.,  155. 

Beguain,  Pierre,  Kaskaskia,  1790,  77. 

Beguiere,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Ca- 
hokia, 1783,  68,  70. 

Beland,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  80,  89. 

Bellecour,  Antoine,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  80,  89. 

Bellecour,  Joseph,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66,  96. 

Bellefountain,  settlers  of,  in  1795,  93"- 

Belleville  Neios- Democrat,  146. 

Bellow,  Timothy,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  61,  71,  89,  93. 

Bentley,   Madan.e  ,  store-keeper, 

Kaskaskia,  1S6. 

24-34-9 


Bentley,  Thomas,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia,   1783,   61,   210;    petition  of. 

256;  note  on,  259  60. 
Benton,  Col.    Thos.  Hart,  senator  from 

.Missouri,  122,  123,  130,  134. 
Hequet,  Andrew,   St.  Cfair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  80,  84. 
l!e(iuet,  Isaliei,  widow,  head  of  family. 

Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70. 
Be(]uet,  Jean  Baptiste,  heirs  of,  in  St. 

Clair  County,  1783,  7r. 
Merger,    Laurent   Jean,    St.  Clair  -  Clo. 

militia,  1790,  89. 
Bergeron,  Jean   liaptistc,   St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  68,  70,  71,  80,  89. 
Bergeron,  Louis,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  82,  89. 
Bhertelmi,   Richard,   Kaskaskia,  1790. 

76;  see  Richard. 
Bibeaux,    Louis,    St.  Clair-Co.   militia, 

1790,  89. 
Hienvenu,  Antoine,  jr.,  head  of  family, 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  61,  76. 
IJienvenu,  Antoine,  sr.,  head  of  family, 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  61. 
Bienvenu,    Henry,    Kaskaskia   militia. 

1790,  74,  85,  96. 
Bienvenu,   Michel,   Kaskaskia  militia, 

1790,  74,  85,  96. 
Bienvenu,  Pierre,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  75. 
Big  Spring,  Monroe  Co.,  111.,  79 n. 
Biggs  (Bigges),   Ceorge,   St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  78,  89,  93,  96,  182. 
l>iggs,  Thomas,  182. 
Biggs,  William,  head  of  familv,  Caho- 
kia, 1783,  68,  70,  71,  105. 
Bilderback,  Capt.  ,  of  Kaskaskia, 

148. 
Biron,    August,    St, Clair-Co.    militia, 

1790,  89. 
Biron,    Henry,    St.  Clair-Co.    militia, 

1790,  82,  89. 
Bisson,    Louis,    St.  Clair  -  Co.   militia, 

1790,  85,  89. 
Bissonet,  Jean  Marie,  St.  Clair-County 

militia,  1790,  89. 
Bissonet,  Joseph,  head  of  family,   C  a- 

hokia,  1783,  68,  70;  heirs  of,  in  St. 

Clair  County,  1783,  71. 
Blackfish,  Indian  chief,  death  of,  206. 
Black  Hawk,  Indian  chief,  134. 
Black-Hawk  war,  1832,  51,  53,  133. 
Blain  (Blin),  George,  widow  of,  head 

of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  71. 
Blaine,  Hon.  James  G.,  135. 
Blay,  Joseph,  jr.,   Prairie  du   Rocher 

militia,  1790,  87,  96. 
Blay,  Joseph,  head  of  family,   Prairie 

du  Rocher,  1783,  66,  96. 


«P 


I 


36o 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


In. 


h. 


Blay,  Louis,  jr.,  Prairie  cUi  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  96. 

Bleakley,  Josiah,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1 790,' 82,  89. 

Hledsoe,  Judge  Jesse,  123. 

Blouin,  Daniel,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia,  1783,  61. 

Blue  Licks,  battle  of,  157. 

Blue- Ridge  Mountains,  100. 

Bluen,  ,  315. 

Blundey,  Jean  Baptiste,  .St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1795,  93. 

Hoard  of  (Virginia)  Comm'rs  to  Benj. 
Harrison,  tjovernor  of  Virginia,  con- 
cerning Col.  John  Todd's,  jr.,  ac- 
counts, etc.,  2:8. 

Bogy,  Lewis  V.,  U.-S.  senator,  128. 

Boison, ,  255. 

iioisverd  (Bois  Verre,  Bois  Vene),  Jean 
Baptiste,  head  of  family,  St.  Clair 
County,  1783,  68,  71. 

Boisverd,  [oseph,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia,  1783,  68,  70,  72,  84,  89. 

Bond  of  commiss'rs,  to  Col.  Todd,  170. 

Bond,  Shadrach,  jr.,  gov.  of  Illinois, 
61,  72,   78,   78 n,  93,  105,  109,  112, 

14.1,  149- 
Jionin,    Marguerite,    Pierre    Menard's 

-mother,  18,  41. 
Bonneau,  Pierre,  25,  28, 
Bonthorn,  William,  witness  at  Court  of 

Enquiry,  339-351. 
Bonvouloir,   Joseph,    head   of  family, 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  61. 
Boonesboro,  Ky. ,  155. 
Boquet,    Andre,   St.  Clair-Co.   militia, 

1790,  89. 
Bosseron,  Maj.  Fran^-ois,  St.  Vincennes 

militia  officer,  165,  194,  279. 
Boston,  Mass.,  327. 
Bostonians,  185. 
Botetourt  County,  Va.,  155. 
Bouchette's  "  Topographical  Dictionary 

of  Lower  Canada,"  cited,  18  n. 
Bcurassa,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  82. 
ourassa,  Pierre,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  89. 
Bourbonais'  Grove,  48,  53,  54. 
Bousseau,    Fran(;ois,    head   of  family, 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 
Bouteillet,  Jacque,  head  of  fam.,  Prairie 

du  Rocher,  1783,  66,  323,  324 
Bouvet,  Rene,  head  of  family,  Cahokia, 

1783,  68,  70,  72,  84,  89. 
Bowen,  Ebenezer,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  89. 
Bowie,  Col.  James,  129. 
Bowman,  Isaac,  194,  195. 


Bowman,  Col.  Joseph,  211,  212,  244. 

Boyer,  Antoine,  h-iad  of  family,  Caho- 
kia, 1783,  68,  70,  82,  89;  heirs  of,  in 
St.  Clair  County,  1783,  72. 

Boynton,  John,  of  Boynton,  Wharton 
&  Morgan,  294,  313. 

Boynton  (John),  Wharton  (Samuel)  & 
Morgan  ((ieorge),  merchants,  292, 
294,  e/  set/. ;  articles  of  agreement  be- 
tween Samuel  Bacon  and,  294. 

Braddock,  Gen.  Edwp.rd,  232. 

Bradley,  Thadious,  St.  Clair-Co.  mill 
tia,  1790,  89;  1795,  93. 

Bradley,  Thomas,  St.Clair-('o.  nuUtia, 
1790,  78,  82  n. 

Brady  (James)  &  McKnight  (Thomas), 
merchants  of  St.  Louis,  137  n. 

Brady,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  89. 

Brady,  Thomas,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  68, 
70,  72,  80,  80  n,  82  n,  89,  137  n. 

Brady,  Thos.,  of  McKnight  &  B.,  137, 

137".  13S. 
Brand,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  93- 
Brandywine,  battle  of,  79  n. 

Branham,  \Villiam,   St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1795,  93- 
Brashears,    Richard,    head    of   family, 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  61. 

Brashears,  Capt,  rol)ias,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  61,  209. 

Brazaux  (Brazot),  Louis,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  61,  166;  of  Court 
of  Kaskaskia,  179-184. 

Brecon,  Brecknockshire,  Wales,  140. 

Breese,  Hon.  Sidney,  109. 

Breton,  Francis,  mined  first  lead  in 
Missouri,  119. 

Brigandage  in  the  Mississippi,  281. 

Briggs,  Emily,  second  wife  of  Pierre 
Menard,  jr.,  23. 

Brindamour,  see  Michel  Menard. 

British  Army- Lists,  R.  G.  Th wait's  ex- 
amination of,  cited,  253  n. 

British  Board  of  Trade,  cited,  291. 

British  Illinois,  Philipe  de  Rocheblave, 
sketch  of,  by  E.  G.  Mason,  253. 

British  Museum,  208  n,  231  n. 

British  use  of  Indians  in  war,  160. 

Brocus,  William,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  61. 

Brouilet,  ,  militia  officer,  St.  Vin- 
cennes, 166. 

Brookes', ,  daughter,  wife  of  Capt. 

Tobias  Brashears,  209. 

Brown's,  John  Mason,  "Address  at  the 
Centennial  Commemoration  of  the 
Battle  of  the  Blue  Licks, "cited,  I58n. 


IJrowr 

of 
Browi 

of  H 


f 


INDE 

lirown,  Lionel,  of  Petosi,  Mo.,  nephew  ! 

of  Aaron  Burr,  130. 
Urown,  Windsor,  witness  before  Court 

of  Enquiry,  314,  323,  329,  332,  336, 

341,  346,  351- 

lirusegard,  see  |}eaure<jard. 

Hiyan  (Brian),  James,  St.  Clair-County  \ 
militia,  1790,  78,  89,  96.  j 

IJryant's  Fort,  206,  217. 

15rymner's  "Calendar  of  Canadian  Ar- 
chives," cited,  35t)ii. 

Hiyson  (Brisson),  Alexis,  St.Clair-(Jo.   ; 
militia,  1790,  89. 

IJryson  (Brison,  Brisson),  Isaac,  St. 
C!air-Co.  militia,  1790,  78,  89,  96. 

Buchanan,  President  James,  133. 

Buckner,  Judge  Alexander,  123. 

Buis-;iere,  la,  state's -attorney  at  ; 

Kaskaskia,  1782,  159. 

Bull,  Ruth,  of  Danville,  111.,  tirst  wife  ! 
of  Noel  le  Vasseur,  54.  ' 

Bullitt,  William,  no.  I 

Burnet,  David  (r.,  president  of  Repub-  | 
lie  of  Texas,  129.  \ 

Burr,  Col.  Aaron,  130. 

Buteau,  Charles,  jr.,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  89. 

Butteau  (Buteau),  Charles,  sr.,  head  of 
family,  Cahokia,  17S3,  68,  82. 

Buteau  (Butteau),  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.   ; 
militia,  1790,  68,  70,  81,  89. 

Buteau   (Butoe),   Joseph,  jr.,   head   of  ! 
family,  St.  Clair,  1783,  72. 

Buteau,  Pieie,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  84. 

Butler,  Henry,  examination  of,  before 
Rocheblave  at  Fort  Gage,  269,  271, 
272. 

Buyat,  Anthoine,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  61. 

Buyat,  Anthoine,  jr..  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  85. 

Buyat,  Louis,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  61. 

Buyat,  I.ouis,  jr.,  Kr^^kaskia  militi.i, 
1790,  85. 

Byram,  Benjamin  Joseph,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kasknskia,  1783,  61. 


Cabassier,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,   84,   89;   heirs  of,  in   St.  Clair 

County,  1783,  72. 
Cabassier,   Sergt.  Pierre,   St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  84,  89. 
Cabassier, .  widow,  head  of  family, 

Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70. 
Cadien,    Pierre   Roy  alias,  heirs  of,  in 

St.  Clair  Co  ,  1783,  69,  71,  73. 
Cadron,  Charles,  called  St.  Pierre,  head 

of  family,   Prairie  du   Rocher,  1783, 

66,  72,  82. 
Cadron,   Charles,  jr.,   St.  Clair-County 

militia,  1790,  89. 
Cadron,  Ktienne,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  82,  89. 

Cahise, .  of  Kaskaskia,  148. 

Cahokia  (Kahokia,    Kohos),    111.,   and 

environs,  heads  of  families  at,  1783, 

67,  69,  71 ;  military  officers  at,  1779, 
164;  civil  officers  of,  1779,   165. 

Cailloux,  Pierre,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  61. 

Calais,  loseph,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 
77,  85,  96. 

Caldwell,  Robert,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

'795.  93- 
Calhoun,  John  Caldwell,  senator,  130, 


Cabassier,  Antoine,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  84,  89. 

Cabassier,  Charles,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  84,  89. 

Cabassier,  Fran(,ois,  St.  Clair-Clo.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  84,  89. 

Cabassier,  Jean  Bapt.,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  84,  89. 


'34- 
Callahan,  Thomas,   Kaskaskia  militia, 

1790,  85. 
Calloway,  Richard,  of  Kentucky,  156. 
Calumet  River,  80 n. 
Campbell,  Mrs.  Benjamin,  137,  137  n. 
Campbell,  Col,  Geo.  W .,  of  Chicago, 

Camp,  George,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783.  62. 

Cam]i,  Ichabod,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

("amp  Tippecanoe,  battle  of,  49;  treaty 
of,  50,  51,  52. 

Campeau,  Francois,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  82,  89. 

Camus,  I'ranijois,  head  of  fam.,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Camus,  Pierre,  Prairie  du  Rocher  mili- 
tia, i7(jo,  87. 

Canada,  Nicholas,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  26,  28,  42,  62,  74, 
74  n. 

"Canadian  Archives, "cited,  227,  227n, 
231,  231  n,  234  n,  235  n,  23711,  238  n. 
240 n,  254,  256,  256  n,  260,  260  n, 
262,  263,  264,  265,  266,  268,  269, 
272,  278,  279,  280,  281,  282,  283, 
289,  290  n. 

Canadians  in  Illinois,  36,  233,  250, 
262,  266. 


\62 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


Canadien,  Sanson,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia,   ! 

1790,  89. 
Carhonneaux,    Louis  Pierre  Franc^ois, 

notary  public  of  St.  Clair  County,  20,    \ 

28,  62,  65,   75,  96,    165,   180,   185,   ' 

220,  260,  261,  271,  272. 


Cardinal 


"refused  to  serve,"  in 


Court  of  St.  Vincennes,  165. 

Carleton,  Sir  Guy,  British  commander 
of  Canada,  237,  238,  239,  240,  241, 
243,  244,  246,  261,  263,  264,  265, 
266,  267,  269,  272,  280 n;  petitions 
to,  cited,  235  n,  236 n,  238n;  letters 
of,  cited,  237  n,  238  n,  239  n,  240 n, 
241  n;  letters  to,  cited,  241  n,  242  n, 
243  n;  letter  to  Rocheblave,  253;  to 
(jermaine,  265, 278;  petition  of  Thos. 
Bentley  to,  concerning  Rocheblave, 
256;  letter  of  Rocheblave  to,  283. 

Carney,  Martin,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia,  1783,  62. 

Carolina  boundary,  200. 

Carondelet,  Mo.,  23. 

Cartabonne,  Don  Silvio  Francisco  de, 
Spanish  governor  of  Ste.  Genevieve, 
Mo.,  162  n,  174. 

Casbold,  Robert,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

^  1 795,. 93- 

Cascaskia,  see  Kaskaskia. 

Cass,  Gen.  Lewis,  commissioner  to 
make  Indian  treaties,  21,  40. 

Casson,  Antoine,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Casson,  Catherine,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Cassou,  Nicholas,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  85. 

Casterique,  Baptiste,  of  Peoria,  in  1778, 
269. 

Casterline,  Peter,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  78,  89,  93,  96. 

Cataraqui,  on  Grand  Isle,  250. 

Cecil, ,  of  Kahos,  254. 

( 'ecire,  Jo.seph,  head  of  family,  C'aho- 
kia,  1783,  68,  70,  72. 

Cerre,  Gabriel,  of  Court  of  Kaskaskia, 
165,  174,  262,  280,  290;  declaration 
of,  260,  261. 

Chalfin,  Isaac,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  89. 

Chalfin,  William,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  78,  89,  93,  96. 

"Chambers' Encyclopadia,  "cited,  I4in. 

Chambers,  Benjamin,  president  of  leg- 
islative assembly  of  Indiana  Terri- 
tory, 107,  109. 

c:hambly,  M.  de,  18. 

Champlain,  Jean  Baptiste,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  89. 


Champlain,  Samuel  de,  explorer,  45  n. 

Chance,  Joseph  la,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  81,  90,  93. 

Chance,  Nicholas  la,  jr.,  heftd  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

Chance,  Nicholas  la,  sr.,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  62;  lieut.  of 
militia,  1779,  164;  judge,  165. 

Chanse,  la,  Court  of  Kaskaskia. 

1787,  166,  179,  279. 

Chanse,  Lieut.  Jean  Bapt.  Cailliot  In, 
St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  26,  2S, 
75,  86,  273. 

Chapman,  Lieut. ,  337. 

Charleville,  Baptiste,  first  lieutenant, 
District  of  Kaskaskia,  164,  185,  254, 

Charleville,  Charles,  second  lieutenant. 
District  of  Kaskaskia,  1783,62,  164, 
185;  judge,  165. 

Charleville,  Fran9ois,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  62,  77,  185. 

Charleville,  Joseph  Chauvin,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Charleville,  Louis,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  62,  85. 

Charleville,  \Iarie  Louise,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Charlevoix's  "  History  of  New  France, " 
cited,  18  n. 

Charli,  Michel,  head  of  family,  heirs  of, 
in  St.  Clair  County,  1783,  72. 

Charpantier,  Francois,  head  of  family. 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Chartier,  Michel,  St.  Clair-Co,  militia, 
1790,  84. 

Chartier,  Pierre,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  82,  89. 

Chartran,  Alexi«,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  89. 

Chartran,  Catherine,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  72. 

Chartran,  Sergt.  Jean  Bt.,  alias  IJecasse. 
St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  70,  81,  89; 
heirs  of  widow  of,  in  St.  Clair  Co., 
1783,  72,  84. 

Chartran,  Mary,  widow,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Cahokia,  1783,  68,  72. 

Chartran,  Michel,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  89. 

Chartran,  Thomas,  St.  Clair  Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  84,  89. 

Chartran,  Corp'l  Tousaint,  St.  Clair  • 
County  militia,  1790,  84,  89. 

Chartranc, ,  finger  cut  off  by  the 

Renards,  255. 

Chase,  Salmon  P.,  senator,  134. 

Chatele,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  68,  70,  72,  81,  89. 

Chatellerault,  Louis,  Peoria,  1778,  269. 


'  .',^"'V 


INDEX. 


363 


I'henie,  John  Baptiste,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  82,  89. 

(  henie,  Joseph,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  82,  89. 

Clienier,  Antoine,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia,  1783,  62. 

Clienier,  Arcange,  widow,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

(Iienier,  Claude,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  72,  82,  89. 

(  herokee  Indians,  mention,  185. 

Chester,  111.,  158. 

Chevalier,  Charles,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  96. 

Chevalier,    Francois,   head   of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  89. 

Chevalier,  Joseph,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  85. 

Chevalier,  Pierre,  head  of  fam.,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Chica.2;o,  first  dry-goods  store,  44;  men- 
tion, 48,  49,  52,  54,  78  n,  137,  249. 

Chicago  Historical  Society,  21,  54,  60, 
158,  159,  251,  251  n. 

Chicago  River,  48,  52. 

Chicago  Times,  138  n. 

Chickasaw  Indians,  195,  200. 

Chippewa  Indians,  40. 

(  hissolm,  Hugh  McDonald,  Kaskaskia 
militia,  1790,  85. 

Chouteau,  Francois  C,  St.  Louis,  23. 

Chouvin,  ,  French  officer  at  Fort 

Chartres,  71  n. 

C  hretien,  Pierre,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  89. 

(  hristopher  (Christofal,  Pedro),  Pierrie, 
Kaskaskia  militia,  1790,  77,  85. 

(  hurch  of  the  Immaculate  Conception, 
Kaskaskia,  17,  20,  22,  42. 

Cilley,  Hon.  Jonathan,  M.  C.  from 
Maine,  134. 

Cincinnati," Indianapolis,- St.  Louis- &- 
Chicago  Railroad,  48. 

Ciree,  Jean  Baptiste,  called  St.  Michel, 
18,  41,  42. 

Ciree,  Louise,  dit  St.  Michel,  41,  42. 

I 'tree,  Marie  Frant^oise,  called  Saint 
Michel,  mother  of  Pierre  Menard, 
17,  18,  41,  42,  43. 

"  Clark's  Campaign  in  the  Illinois,"  ref- 
erence, 243  n,  244  n. 

Clark,  Francis,  kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 
85,  182. 

Clark,  Col.  George  Rogers,  of  Virginia, 
mention  of  his  expedition  to  Illinois, 
61  n,  62  n,  63  n,  64  n,  66  n,  78  n,  79  n, 
8on,  91  n,  92 n,  100,  loi,  102,  156, 
160,  161,  162,  163  n,  167,  175,  187, 
189,   190,   191,   192,   193,   194.  I9^> 


200,  201,  207,  212,  213,  214,  215, 
220,  222,  222  n,  223,  224,  225,  226, 
227  n,  228,  229,  240,  243,  244,  245, 
251,  256,  260,  289;  letter  of,  to  Col. 
Todd,  195;  letter  of  Gov.  Henry  to, 
cited,  251  n. 

Clark,  John,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783.  62,  182. 

Clark,  Lardner,  29;  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Clark,  Gen.  William,  agent  of  Indian 
affairs  at  St.  Louis,  Mo., 39;  St. Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1795,  93. 

Clarkesville,  116. 

Clay,  Henry,  senator,  mention,  40,  123, 

134,  135- 

Clermond,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  89, 

Clermont,  Auguste,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  83,  89. 

Clermont,  Pierre,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790.  83,  86. 

Clino,  John,  witness  in  Rice -Jones' 
murder  case,  147. 

Clover,  Adam,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795,  93- 
Ciover,  Jacob,  St.  C'.air-County  militia, 

1795,  93- 
Clover,  William,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Cochon,    Margaret,    head   of  family, 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

C'ochran,  John,  head  of  family,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Cochran,  Samuel,  of  Kaskaskia,  149. 

Cole,  Col.  Edward,  British  comman- 
dant at  Fort  Chartres,  292. 

Coline,  Francois,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87. 

"Colonial  History  of  New  York,  "cited, 

355- 
Columbus,  lexas,  131. 

Comparet,  Jean  Marie,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  81,  89.    • 

Comte,  Ayme,  jr.,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  96, 

Comte,  Ayme,  sr.,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Comte,  Joseph,  Prairie  du  Rocher  mili- 
tia, 1790,  87,  96. 

Comte,  Pierre,  Prairie  du  Rocher  mili- 
tia, 1790,  87,  96. 

Condemnation  Proceeding,  Court  Rec- 
ord, 178. 

Connecticut,  79  n. 

Connolly,  Ensign  William,  member  of 
Court  of  Enquiry,  297,  317,  326,  342, 

344,  355- 
Connor,  Henry,  149. 


I 


I 


?i" 


364 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


N 


Conrad,  Jacques,  head  of  family,  Kas- 

kaskia,  1783,  62. 
Continental  Congress,  56,  57. 
Continental  Treasury,  173. 
Contract,  Ante-Nuptial,  between  Pierre 

Menard  and  Therese  (jiodin,  25. 
Cook,  Adam,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 

Cook,  Henry,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 

85- 
Cook,  John,   Kaskaskia  militia,   1790, 

74.  «5- 
Cook,  John,   jr.,    Kaskaskia   militia, 

1790,  74,  96. 

Cook,  Judge  John  D.,  justice  of  supreme 
court,  Missouri,  123, 

Cook,  Nathaniel,  candidate  for  senate 
from  Missouri,  122. 

Copy  of  the  Instructions,  etc.,  on  the 
Borrowing  Fund  of  Kohoskia,  169. 

Core,  Jemi,  head  of  family,  Kaskaskia, 
1790,  76. 

Cornwallis,  Lord  Charles,  247. 

Corset,  Francois,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62;  of  the  Court  of 
Kaskaskia,  1779,  166,  179,  180,  181, 
182,  183,  184. 

Coste,  Louis,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  83,  89. 

Cotinault,  Antoine,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Cotinault,  Elizabeth,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Cotine,  Jean  Bte.,  entitled  to  dona- 
tion, 96. 

Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  53. 

Courier,  Francois  Lefevre,  alias,  head 
of  family,  St.  Clair  County,  1783,  68, 
70,  72;  St.Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,83. 

Courier,  jr.,  Pascal  Lefevre,  alias,  83, 

Courtois,  Alexis,  .St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  89. 

Craig,  John,  jr.,  appointed  commissary- 
general  by  Col.  G.  R.  Clark,  loi. 

Creath,  George,  juror  in  Rice-Jones 
murder  case,  149. 

Creli,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Creli,  Jerome,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  62,  98. 

Crely,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Crittenden,  John  J.,  senator,  134. 

Crittenden,  Maj.  John,  Kentucky,  213. 

Crockett,  Col.  David,  of  Texas,  129. 

Crockett,  Col.  Joseph,  202, 205, 206, 2 1 1 

Croghan, ,    witness   in    Court   of 

Enquiry,  306. 


Crow,  Mary,  widow,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  72. 

Crow,  William,  St.  Clair-Co.  mihtia, 
1790,  84,  89. 

Crown  Point,  N.V.,  253. 

Crutcher,  Henry,  commissioner  of  Ko- 
hoskia fund,  170,  173. 

Culniaut,  Jean  Bapt.,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87. 

Cumberland  Gap,  100. 

Cumberland  River,  195. 

Cure,  Pierre,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  62. 

Currency,  notice  concerning  called-in, 
177. 

Curry,  James,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  62. 


Dagne,  Ambroise,  26,  28. 

Damour,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Dalton,  Capt.  Valentine  T.,  loi. 

Danis  (Dany),  Charles,  second  lieuten- 
ant, St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1779,  26, 
42,  62,  76,  76  n,  164. 

Danis,  Charles,  jr.,  Kaskaskia  militia. 
1790,  85. 

Danis,  Jerome,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  62,  76. 

Danis,  Jean,  Kaskaskia,  1790,  76. 

Danis,  J  OS.,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790,  85. 

Danis,  Michel,  sr. ,  head  of  family,  Kas 
kaskia,  1783,  62,  76 

Danville,  111.,  48,  50. 

Darby,  John  F.,  123. 

Darby's,  William,  "Personal  Recollec- 
tions," cited,  I23n,  I37n. 

Dauphine,  France,  231. 

Davidson  (Alex. )  &  .Stuve's  (Bernard) 
"  History  of  Illinois,"  cited,  17  n. 

Davis,  Jefferson,  134, 

Davis,  John,  entitled  to  donation,  96. 

Davis,  Thomas  T.,  one  of  first  trustees 
of  Vincennes  University,  1 10. 

Deane,  Silas,  207  n. 

De9elle,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Decker,  Luke,  member  of  slavery  con- 
vention at  Vincennes,  1802,  105,  no. 

Docochi,  Gabriel,  head  of  fam.,  Prairie 
du  Koiher,  1783,  66. 

Docochi,  Gabriel,  jr.,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  96. 

Degagne,  Jacques,  head  of  fam.,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Degagne,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1 783,  66. 


Degag 

du 
Degag 

Prai 
Degen 

165. 


/ 


/ 


INDEX. 


365 


i  of  family, 

2. 

C"o.   militia, 


)ner  of  Ko- 
!  du  Rocher 

y,  Kaskas- 
I  called-in, 
y,  Kaskas- 


l  of  family, 
66. 

lOI. 

nd  lieuten- 
1779,  26, 

:ia  militia, 

y,  Kaskas- 

o,  76. 
,1790,85. 
mily,  Kas- 


Recollec- 


(Bernard) 
1,  I7n. 

tion,  96. 
St  trustees 
10, 

ly,  Prairie 

ivery  con- 

105,  1 10. 

1.,  Prairie 

lu  Rocher 

1.,  Prairie 

of  family, 
3. 


Degagne,  Pierre,  head  of  family,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Uegagne, ,  widow,  head  of  family, 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Degenest, ,  Court  of  St.  Vincennes, 

165. 

Degonier,  Bte. ,  at  Kaskaskia,  1 790,  76. 

Dejean,  Philip,  [a  justice-of-the-peace] 
of  Detroit,  281,  282. 

Delaware  Indians,  185,  233,  264,  272, 
280. 

Deline,  L.  E.,  member  of  the  Court  of 
St.  Vincennes,  1796,  165;  Second  cap- 
tain, St.  Vincennes  militia,  1796,  166. 

Delinel,  Ambroise,  at  Kaskaskia,  1790, 

75- 
Delines,  Antoine,  entitled  to  donation, 

96. 

Delisle,  Charles,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Delisle,  jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Delisle,  Louis,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  62. 

Delisle,  Marie  Eouise,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Deloge,  Joseph,  alias  Poirier,  head  of 
family,  Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  84,  89; 
see  Desloges. 

Delorme,  Hubert,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  89. 

Demarais,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  89. 

Demete,  Frani^ois,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  89. 

Dempsey,  John,   St.  Clair-Co.   militia, 

1795.  94. 
Demumbrunt,  Timothe,  head  of  family, 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  62,  180,  186. 

Dennis,  Alexander,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  78,  89,  94,  96. 

Derouse,  dit  St.  Pierre,  Fram^ois,  at 
Kaskaskia,  1790,  64,  75. 

Derousse,  dit  St.  Pierre,  Jean  Baptiste, 
Kaskaskia  militia,  1790,  86. 

Derousse,  dit  St.  Pierre,  Jerome,  Kas- 
kaskia militia,  1790,  86. 

Derousse,  dit  St.  Pierre,  Joseph,  Kas- 
kaskia militia,  1790,  86. 

Derousse,  dit  St.  Pierre,  Michel,  at 
Kaskaskia,  1790,  64. 

Derousse,  dit  St.  Pierre,  Philip,  Kas- 
kaskia militia,  1790,  86. 

Deruisseau,  Paul,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Desloges,  Joseph  Poirie,  sr.,  dit,  head 
of  family,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  73;  St. 
«Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  84,  89,  92; 
see  Deloge. 


Desloges,  Joseph,  jr.,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  84,  89. 

Desloges,  Paul  Poirie,  dit,  St.  Clair- 
County  militia,  1790,  84,  94. 

Desplaines  River,  111.,  48. 

Detchemendy,  Constance,  23. 

Devaignais,  Jac,  Kaskaskia,  1790,  76. 

Dickenson  College,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  64. 

Dilailite,  Josette,  widow,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Prairie  du  Rocher,  1 783,  66. 

Dillon's  (John)  "History  of  Indiana," 
cited,  loin,  io2n,  iion,  Ii6n,  I27n. 

Dion,    Francois,    Kaskaskia   militia, 
1790,  86. 

Dodge,  Col.  Henry,  123,  129,  130,  133. 

Dodge,  Israel,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  62,  159. 

Dodge,  Capt.  John,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  62,  159,  182,  183; 
Indian  agent,  205,  209 

Dominque,  Antoine,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Donation  Lands,  lists  of  those  entitled 
to,  61,  66,  67,  69,  71,  74,  78,  80,  82, 
84,  85,  87,  88,  93,  95,  97. 

Dore,  Louis,  head  of  family,  Prairie  du 
Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Dorion,  Jean  Marie,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  68,  70,  72,  81,  90. 

Dormeur,  Joseph  I'oire  alias,  head  of 
family,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  73. 

Douberman,  John  J.,  of  St.  Louis,  pupil 
of  Chester  Harding,  portrait  of  John 
Rice  Jones  by,  99. 

Douglas,  Alexander,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Douglas,  Stephen  A.,  senator,  134. 

Doyle,  Benj.  H.,  prosecuting-attorney 
at  Kaskaskia,  149. 

Doza,  Alexis,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 
75,  86,  96. 

Doza,  Arcange,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Doza,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  62. 

Drouard,  Francois,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Drury,  Clement,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  66,  78,  90,  94,  96. 

Drury,    Ralph,    entitled  to  donation, 

79.  96. 
Drury,  Raphael,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  87,  90,  96. 

Drury,  Wm.,  head  of  family,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  62,  66. 

Dubois,  Pierre,  sr.,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70. 

Dubois,  Pierre,  jr.,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  83,  90. 


aww 


mmmm 


l66 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


l/iii 


Dubuque,  Capt.  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of 
family,  St.  Clair  County,  1783,  68,69, 
70,  72,  73;  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  82,  83,  84,  90,  93. 

Dubuque,  Julien,  founder  of  Dubuque, 
Iowa,  83  n. 

Ducharme,  Charles,  head  of  family, 
St.  Clair  County,  1783,  68,  69,  70, 
72,  73;  St.  Clair-County  militia,  1790, 

83,  90. 

Duchasfourt  de  Louvieres,   Antome, 
member  of  Court  of  Kaskaskii,  165. 

DuClos,  Antoine,  Prairie  du  Kocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  96. 

DuClos,  Jean  Bapt. ,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87. 

Duff,  Daniel  McEl,  Kaskaskia,  1788, 
182,  183. 

Duff,  John  McEl,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62,  182. 

Dufresne,  |.i'  *.iss  Michel,  of  Kaskas- 
kia,  i:     ,    .;;(<. 

Dufresne,  '^  .''  Marie,  wife  of  Philip 
de  Rocheblave,  234. 

Duludi-.  riiarles,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 178,     62. 

Dumartin,  Jean  liaptistc,  heat'i  of  fam- 
ily, St.  Philips  or  Prairie  du  Rocher, 
on  or  before  1783,  66. 

Dumas,  Bartholomew,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  72. 

Dumas  (Dumay),  Jean  Baptiste,  head 
of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  71. 

Dumont,  Peter,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Dunfield,  P'rederick,  of  Kaskaskia,  310. 

Dunklin,  Gov.  Daniel,  of  Missouri,  131. 

Dunklin,  John  P.,  married  a  daughter 
of  Gen.  Augustus  Jones,  131. 

Dunlap,  Dr.  James,  tried  for  murder 
of  Rice  Jones,  143  50. 

Dunn's  (J.  P.)  "Indiana,"  cited,  loi  n, 
102  n,  iiin,  ii2n,  ii3n,  ii5n, 
Ii6n,  il7n,  142  n. 

Dunn,  James,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 

77- 

Dunn,  Thomas,  treasurer -general  of 
Province  of  Quebec,  letters  to,  cited, 
242  n,  243  n,  253,  281,  282,  288,  290. 

Duplasi,  Catherine,  widow,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Duplasy,  Joseph,  captain  in  Kaskaskia 
militia,  164;  Court  of  Kaskaskia, 
165,  210. 

Dupuy,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Dutremble,  Joseph,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70;  heirs  of,  in 
St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  72. 


E 


Edeline,  see  Deline. 
Edgar,  Gen.  John,  merchant  of  Kaskas- 
kia, 20,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  42,  59,  65, 

67,  74,  74  n,  87,  88,  104,  109,    147, 

148,  182,  183. 
Edgar,  Rachel,  wife  of  John  Edgar,  20. 
Edwards,  Gov.  Ninian,  109,  Ii4n,  123, 

153  n. 
E.  G,  M.,  see  E.  G.  Mason. 
Elliott,    Henry,    candidate   for  sena'e 

from  Missouri,  122. 
Elliott,  James,   farmer  at  Kaskaskia, 

297,  et  se<]. 
Elliot,  Robert,  claim  against  State  of 

Virginia,  220. 
Engel,  Capt.   Philip,   St.  Clair-County 

militia,  1790,  68,  70,  72,  84,  85,  90. 
English  Turn,  Mississippi  River,  234. 
Enochs  (Enix),  Isaac,  St.  Clair-County 

militia,  1790,  79,  79  n,  90,  94,  96. 
Espagne,  Louis  Levasseur  d',  head  of 

family,  Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 
Espy,  James,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795,  94- 
Everett,  Hon.  Edward,  ii3n, 

Everett,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Ewing,  Nathaniel,  one  of  first  trustees 

of  Vincennes  University,  no. 


Fagot,  Andre,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  62. 

Falls  of  the  Ohio,  100,  187,  194,  201, 
203,  222,  223. 

P'armer,  Maj.  Robert,  British  comman- 
dant at  Fort  Chartres,  1765,  292. 

Feire, de,  merchant  of  Montreal, 

290. 

Fernande,  Joseph,   Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  86. 

Ferrier,  Joseph,  Prairie  du  Rocher  mili- 
tia, 1790,  87. 

Finney,  James,  adherent  of  Dr.  James- 
Dunlap,  148,  I48n,  150,  151. 

P'isher,  Myers,  of  Philadelphia,  100. 

Flanary,   Daniel,  jr.,  head  of  family,. 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Flanary,  Elijah,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Flanary,  Thomas,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Flandre,  Jean,  head  of  family,  Prairie 
dn  Rocher,  1783,  66,  96. 

Fleming,  Wm.,  one  of  commissioners 
of.  Jefferson  County,  221. 


Fleuj 
mil 

Hoyl 
ve( 

"Flc 
ma 

Folkl 

Fordl 


INDEX. 


:  of  Kaskas- 
>  42,  59,  65,     > 
»  109,   147.      I 

Edgar,  20.      ^ 
1 14  n,  123,      I 

for  senafe 

Kaskaskia, 

3t  State  of 

air-County 
84,  85,  90. 
lyer,  234. 
air-County 

94.  96. 
',  head  of 

1783,  66. 
ty  militia, 

1. 

ty  militia, 

>t  trustees 
10. 


',  Kaskas- 

194,  201, 

comman- 
;,  292. 
Vlontreal, 

I  militia, 

cher  mill- 

>r.  James^ 
ii. 

1,  100. 
f  family,. 

ily,   Kas- 

ily,  Kas- 

',  Prairie 

issioncrs 


Fleurant,  Jean  Uaptiste,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  90. 

Floyd,  Davis,  member  of  slavery  con- 
vention at  Vincennes,  1802,  165. 

"Floyd  &  Co.,  1794,"  paper  water- 
mark, 97  n. 

Folk, ,  of  Kaskaskia,  148. 

Ford,  Gov.  Thomas,  lawyer  of  Peoria, 
"Hi.storyof  Illinois,"  cited,  142 n. 

Fort  Carillon,  254. 

Fort  Chartres,  Court  of  Enquiry  at, 
1770,  by  Hon.  John  Moses,  291 ;  20, 
56,  57.  58,  81  n,  235,  291,  297,  310, 

323.  331- 
Fort  Chissel,  100. 
Fort  Cumberland,  233. 
Fort  Delaware,  135. 
Fort  Duquesne,  231,  233. 
Fort  Cage,   239,  261,  262,  263,   265, 

268,  269,  277,  278,  279,  281,  282, 
289,  290. 

Fort  Henry,  135. 

Fort  Jefferson,  79  n,   183,   183  n,  200, 

205,  219,  226. 
Fort  Lafayette,  134. 
Fort  Niagara,  233. 
F'ort  Pitt,   icx),  210,  233,  242,  254  n, 

269,  271,  274,  279,  283,  285,  300. 
F'ortin,   Marie  Rose,  widow,  head  of 

family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 

Foubert,  Pierre  Jacques,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  90. 

F'owler,  Lieut.  Alexander,  member  of 
Court  of  Enquiry,  297,  ef  set/. 

Fox  Indians,  40,  263. 

F'ox  River,  111.,  52. 

Fox  River,  Wis.,  46,  47. 

Franchere,  FLlenore,  54. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  100,  207 n. 

Franklin,  George,  juror  in  Rice-Jones 
murder  case,  149. 

F>ench  Lick  on  Cumberland,  195. 

French  River,  Canada,  45 n. 

F'rench  in  Illinois,  56,  160,  161,  171, 
^234. 

F'rench  militia  of  Kaskaskia,  197. 

F\'hon,  James,  juror  in  Rice-Jones  mur- 
der case,  149. 

F'unk,  Jacob,  juror  in  Rice-Jones  mur- 
der case,  149. 


Gage,  Gen.  'I'hos.,  British  commander 
at  New  York,  235,  236. 

Gagne,  Amable,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 

Gagne,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  62. 


Gagnie,  Raphael,  head  of  family,   St. 

Clair  Co.,  1783,  68,  70,  72. 
Gagnion,  Louis,  head  of  family.  Caho- 

kia,  1783,  68;  heirs  of,  St.  Clair  Co., 

1783,  72. 
Gagnon,  Marie,  widow,  head  of  family, 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  62. 
Gallaher,   Philip,    Kaskaskia  militia, 

1790,  86, 
Galloway, ,  interested  in  land-grant 

with  Boynton,  Wharton  &  Morgan, 

353- 
Galveston,  Texas,  22. 

Galvez,  Don  Bernardo,  Spanish  gov- 
ernor at  New  Orleans,  191,  192;  cap- 
tures Mobile,  193. 

Gamelin,  Capt.  Pierre,  St.  Vincennes 
militia,  103,  127,  166,  191;  member 
of  the  Court  of  St.  Vincennes,  165. 

Gard,  Department  of,  F'rance,  18. 

Garrison  (Garretson,  Garatson),  James. 
St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  62,  "72,  79,, 
90,  94,  96. 

Gaud,  Louis,  jr.,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  96. 

Gaud,  Louis,  sr.,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  68,  70,  72,  83,  90. 

Gautiaux,  Ensign  Jacques,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  76,  96. 

Gatien,  Pierre,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia,  1783,  68,  70. 

Gayarre,  Chas. ,  letters  of,  cited,  234  n. 

Geins,  John,    St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Gelaspie,  William,  208. 
Gendron  (Gandron),  John  Bapt'e,  head 

of  family,  Kaskaskia,  1783, 62, 65,  76. 
Gendron,  John  Baptiste,  jr.,  Kaskaskia 

militia,  1790,  76,  86,  96. 
Gendron,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  83,  90. 
Gendron,  Perre  Bte.,  res.Tof  St.  Clair 

County,  1790,  76. 
Genereu,  Joseph,    Prairie  du    Rocher 

militia,  1790,  87. 
George,  Capt.  Robert,  219,  220. 
Georgian  Bay,  British  America,  45  n. 
Gerard,    F>an9ois,    Prairie  du   Rocher 

militia,  1790,  87,  96. 
Germain,  F^nsign  Charles,  St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  68,  70,  72,  73,  84,  90. 
Germain,    Jean    Baptiste,    Kaskaskia 

militia,  1790,  86. 
Ciermain  (Germin),  Louis,   Kaskaskia 

militia,  1790,  62,  74,  86,  96. 
Germain,  Louis,  jr.,  Kaskaskia  militia, 

1790,  75- 
Germaine,   Lord   George,    237,   237  n, 
238n,  239n,  24on,  241,  265, 266, 278. 


iIiiwL: 


m 


) 


A 


368 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


I' ' 


(jermans,  plan  for  settling,  on  Missis- 
sippi, 347.  349- 
Gerome,  Francois,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  68,  70,  72,  90. 
Gervais,    Louis,    St. Clair-Co.   militia, 

1790,  81,  90. 
Gervais,   Ensign  Phillip,   St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  68,  70,  72,  81,  90. 
( iervaise, ,  priest,  of   S<'.  Antoine 

de  Richelieu,  Canada,  41,  4^. 
Geyer,  Hon.  Henry  S.,  123. 
Gibault,  Pierre,  head  of  family,  Prairie 

du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 
(Jibbons  (Givoon),  John,  St. Clair-Co. 

militia,  1795,  94. 
Gibson,  John,  secretary  of  Indiana  Ter- 
ritory, 21,  30,  31,  33,  34,  35,  36,  104, 

109,  no,  133. 
Gilbreath,  James,  Kaskaskia,  147,  148, 

150. 
Gill,  Charles,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  62,  79,  84,  90,  96. 
Gillham,    Isaac,   St.  Clair-Co.   militia, 

1795.  94- 
Gillham,  James,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Gillham,  Samuel,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

.1795.  94- 
Girard,   Augustin,    Prairie  du  Rocher 

militia,  1790,  87. 
Girard  St.  Jean  Pierre,  Jean  Bie.,  St. 

Clair-County  militia,  1790,  92. 
Girardin  (Gerardine),  Antoine,  jr.,  St. 

Clair-County  militia,  1 790,  90. 
Ciirardin,  Antoine,  head  of  family,  Ca- 

hokia,  1783,  68,  70,  72,  73;  member 

of  Court  of  Kohokias,  165. 
Girardin,  Michel,  head  of  family,  Caho- 

kia,  1783,  68,  70;  heirs  of,  in  St.  Clair 

County,  1783,  72. 
Girardot, ,  widow,  head  of  family, 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 
Giroux, ,  head  of  family,  St.  Clair 

County,  1783,  72. 
Giroux,  Louis,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  90. 
Girradin,  Lieut.  ,  District  of  Ko- 

hokia,  164. 
Girty,  Simon,  157. 

Glinel,  Ambroise,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  62. 
Goden,  Lieut. ,  St.Vincennes  mili- 
tia, 166. 
Godin,  Jean  Noel,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  84,  90. 
<iodin,   Sergt.  Pierre,  St.  Clair-County 

militia,  1790,  84,  90. 
■(Jodin,  Therese,  wife  of  Pierre  Menard, 

17,  20,  25,  26,  28,  42,  62. 


Godin,  dit  Touranjeau,  Michel,  member 
of  Court  of  Kohokia,  20,  76  n,  164, 

165. 
Gogis,  Charles,  271. 
Going,  William,  jr.,   St.  Clair-County 

militia,  1795,  94. 
Going,   William,  sr.,   St.  Clair-County 

militia,  1795,  94. 
Golding,  Henry,  head  of  family,  Prairio 

du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 
Gomer,  Jean,   Prairie  du  Rocher  mili 

tia,  1790,  77,  87. 
Goneville,  Jean  Baptiste  Rupalais,  alia-; 

81,  92. 
Goneville,  Joseph,    St.  Clair-Co.    mili- 
tia, 1790,  83,  90. 
Goneville,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  83,  90. 
Gossiaux,   Jacque,    Kaskaskia   militia, 

1790,  86. 
Gotio  (Goho), ,   Kaskaskia,  307. 

349.  350- 

Grandbois,  Antoine,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  90. 

Grant,  Gen.  Ulysses  Simpson,  mention, 

137- 
Gratiot,  Charles,  member  of  Court  of 

Kohokia,  165,  186. 
Graves,  William  J.,  representative,  of 

Kentucky,  134. 
Gray,  David,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 

86. 
Great  Wilderness  Road,  100. 
Green  Bay,  Wisconsin,  46. 
Green,  Thos.,  of  Kaskaskia,  182,  183. 
Grenier,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  90. 
Grenier,    Pierre,   Kaskaskia  militia, 

1790,  86. 
Griflin,  George,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Griffin,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Griffin,  Hon.  John,  judge  of  supreme 

court,  Indiana  Terr'y,  2r,  32,  33. 

Grignon,  Augustin,  for  sketch  of  see 
"  Wisconsin  Historical  Society's  Col- 
lections," 251. 

Grondine,  Fran9ois,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  81,  90. 

Grondine,  Ignace,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  84,  90. 

Grondine,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  90. 

Groots  (Grotz),  Jacob,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1 783,  62 ;  heirs  of,  in  St. 
Clair  County,  1783,  72. 

Groots,  William,  St.  Clair-County  mili- 
tia, 1790,  90,  94. 


^' 


GrJ 

Grl 

Gul 
tl 

Gul 

Gul 


u 


INDEX, 


369 


■Grosle,  Louis,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  84,  go. 

Groselliers,  Sieur  des,  at  Kaskaskia, 
1778,  280. 

Guiguelle,  Johannes,  entitled  to  dona- 
tion, 96. 

Guise  (Guice),  David,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  79,  90,  94,  96. 

Guitar,  Corp'l  Jean,  St. Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  84,  90. 

Guitar,  Pierre,  sr.,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  68,  70,  84. 

Guitar,  Pierre,  jr.,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  84,  90, 

Gwathmey,  Samuel,  of  Illinois,  107, 
109,  no. 


H 


Hag^rins,  Judge  James,  123. 

Hagon,  Chas.  Laoroix,  alias,  head  of 
family,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  72. 

Haldimand,  Maj.-Gen.  Frederick,  Brit- 
ish gov. -gen.,  1773,  227 n,  236,  237 n, 
240,  245  n,  246,  247,  247  n,  248,  249, 
249 n,  250,  251,  251  n,  26on;  letters 
to  de  Bude,  240  n;  to  Hamilton, 
246  n;  to  Holland,  250  n;  to  Peyster, 
24711,  248  n;  to  Rocheblave,  248  n, 
250  n. 

Haldimand  Papers,  61  n,  187  n,  208  n, 
227n,  23in,  235 n,  239n,240n,  245 n, 
247 n,  248  n,  249  n,  250  n,  251  n,  254. 

Halfpenny,  Thomas,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1795,  94. 

Hamilton,  Hon.  Alexander,  130. 

Hamilton,  Lieut.-Gov.  Henry,  of  De- 

•  troit,  195,  237,  239,  240,  241,  246, 
266,  269,  273,  27s,  280,  289  n;  made 
prisoner  by  Geo.  Rogers  Clark,  244, 
245 ;  letter  to  Haldimand,  cited,  246n. 

Hamilton,  Maj.  Robert,  British  com- 
mandant at  Fort  Chartres,  254  n. 

Hamilton,  William,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1795,  94. 

Hamtramck,  Maj.  John  Francis,  com. 
of  "Wabash  regiment,"  103,  127. 

Hand,  Brig. -Gen.  Fdward,  271. 

Handley,  Samuel,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 

Hanover  County,  Virginia,  138,  155. 

Hanson,  John,  of  Kaskaskia,  treacher- 
ous to  British  cause,  289. 

Hard,  James,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  79-  .       ^. 

Harmand,  alias  Sansfacon,  Antome,  St. 

Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  68,  70,  72. 
Harmand,   Antoine,  jr.,   St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  83,  90. 


Harmand  (Hermand),  Jean  Baptiste, 
St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  83,  90. 

Harmand  (Hermand),  Louis,  St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  83,  90. 

Harmar,    Clen.    Josiah,    expedition 
against  Miamis,  1787,  103. 

Harness,  Leonard,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tin,  .-790,  79,  90,94.  9^J- 

Harralson,  Paul,  juror  in  Rice -Jones 
murder  case,  149. 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  gov.  of  Va.,  Board 
of  Com'rs  to,  218,  221. 

Harrison,  Richard,  witness  to  commis- 
sioner's bond,  170. 

Harrison,  William  Henry,  governor  of 
Indiana  Territory,  21,  31,  33,  34,  36, 
105,  109,  no,  112,  ii3.."5- 

Harrisonians,  oppose  division  of  Indi- 
ana Teriitory,  112,  n4,  115,  116, 
141,  142,  145  n. 

Harry,  John,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  63. 

Hauslay,  Jonatame,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
before  1795,  77. 

Havana,  Cuba,  specie  shipped  from,  to 
Illinois,  193. 

Hawkins,  Maj.  James,  of  Mo.,  129. 

Hawkins,  Jane,   wife  of  Col.  John 
Todd,  157. 

Hay  (May),  Jean  de,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  "1783,  68,  70,  72,  107, 
109. 

Hay,  Lateau,  of  Peoria,  1778,  269. 

Hays,  John,  sheriff  of  St. Clair  Co., 
1798-1816,  81,  81  n,  90. 

Head,  James,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  90,  94. 

Hebert,  Edward,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  90. 

Helm,  Capt.  Leonard,  177. 

Henderson,  James,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  79,  90.  94,  96. 

Hendricks,  George,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  79,  90,  94,  96. 

Henry,  Patrick,  governor  of  Virginia, 
155,  156,  159,  164,  244;  instructions 
to  Col.  Todd,  159,  251,  251  n. 

Henry,  Moses,  185. 

Henry,  William  Wirt,  isSn. 

Herrington,  Elisha,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1795,  94. 

Herrington,  William,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1795,  94- 

Hicks,  David,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  63. 

Hilaire,  Alexander,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

Hite,  Isaac,  letter  to,  from  Capt.  Bow- 
man, cited,  244  n. 


370 


EARLY    ILLINOIS. 


I't 


Pis' 
I"  - ' 


Hoffman,   John,   St.  Clair-Co.   militia, 

1795.  94" 
Hof;an,    (ien. ,    of  Little    Rock, 

Ark.,  killed  by  lion.  Andrew  Scott, 

1827,  136. 
Ilo^an,  Joseph,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795,  94- 
Holloway,  John,  head  of  family,  Kas- 

kaskia,  1783,  63. 
House,  Adam,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Houston,  Gen.  Sam,  of  Texas,  129. 

Howe's  "The  Liws  and  Courts  of  the 
Northwest  and  Indiana  Territories," 
lion. 

Hubbard,  Gurdon  Saltonstall,  44,  47, 

49,  50,  5',  53.  54- 
Huff,  Michael,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

70,  90,  96,  182. 
Hughes,  Thomas,  head  of  family,  Kas- 

kaskia,  1 783 ,  63. 
Hull,  Daniel,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Hull,  Geils,   St.  C  lair -County  militia, 

1795,  94- 

Hull,  Ensign  Nathaniel,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  66,  79,  90,  94. 

Hurst,  Ilenry,  one  of  trustees  of  Vin- 
cennes  University,  no. 

Huslands,  Ilarman,  St. Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1795.  94- 

Hutchins,  Ensign  Thomas,  afterward 
surveyor-general  of  the  U.S.;  mem- 
ber of  Court  of  Enquiry,  293,  et  set/. 

Hymen,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  90. 


Illinois  battalion,  222  n,  256  n. 

Illinois  cavalry,  the  Twelfth,  54. 

Illinois  citizens,  lists  of  early,  55,  61, 
66,  67,  69,  74,  78,  80,  82,  84,  87, 
•88,  93,  95- 

Illinois  Country,  grants  of  land  to  set- 
tlers in,  58,  59;  expedition  of  Geo. 
Rogers  Clark  to,  156,  160,  161 ;  scar- 
city of  currency  in,  188,  194;  British 
designs  against,  195,  205,  213,  222; 
surrendered  by  France  to  Great  Brit- 
ain, 1765,  234;  John  Todd  its  first 
governor  under  Virginia,  244. 

Illinois,  list  of  commissions  in,  military 
and  civil,  164. 

Illinois  separation  from  Indiana,  strug- 
gle for,  141,  142. 

Imlay's  "Topographical  Description  of 
the  Western  Territory  of  America, " 
cited,  63  n. 


Indiana,  Historical  Society  of,  55. 

Indiana  State  University  at  Blooming- 
ton,  no. 

Indiana  Territory,  21,  104;  laws  of, 
no,  141,  142. 

Indian  allies,  201. 

Indian  grants,  difficulty  of  validating; 
size  of,  188. 

Indians,  trading  with,  47;  defeat  lohn 
Todd  at  Blue  Licks,  Ky.,  156  7;"  Illi- 
nois an  outpost  against,  161 ;  John 
Todd's  instructions  respecting  treat- 
ment of,  162;  their  assistance  sought 
by  the  British  and  Americans,  195; 
recruited  by  Col.  de  la  Balme,  208  n ; 
capture  Todd's  horses,  212,  214,  232; 
sell  land  to  Daniel  and  Wm.  Murray, 
256  n,  272.  See  also  under  separate 
tribes. 

Indian  title  extinguished  by  treaty  of 
Camp  Tippecanoe;  details,  52. 

Iron  banks  on  east  side  of  Mississippi, 
below  junction  with  Ohio,  site  of 
Fort  Jefferson,  183  n. 

Iroquois  country,  49. 


Jack,  John,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790, 

79.  90,  96. 

Jackson,  President  Andrew,  130,  134. 

Jacquemin,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Janis,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63;  ensign,  District 
of  Kaskaskia,  1779,  164. 

Janis,  Capt.  Fran9  )is,  25,  28,  42,  59, 
75,  75".  78,  86,  96,  185?. 

Janis,  Capt.  Nicholas,  63;  res.  of  Kas- 
kaskia, 1790,  164;  member  Court  of 
Kaskaskia,  1779,  165;  order  of  Col. 
Todd  to,  172. 

Janis,  P.,  75. 

Jarrad,  Guy,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  63. 

Jauntetot,  Louis,  of  Peoria,  1778,  269. 

Jean,  William,  head  of  family,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Jefferson  County,  Ky.,  militia  of,  212; 
settlements  in,  213,  215,  216;  board 
of  commissioners  in,  in  1783,  218. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  gov.  of  Va.,  38  n, 
Ii3n;  president,  106,  134;  appoints 
Col.  Todd  colonel  of  Fayette  Co., 
Ky.,  1782,  159;  letters  of  Col.  Todd 
to,  193,  200,  204,  205,211,  213;  letter 
of,  to  Va.  house,  199;  letters  of,  to 
Col.  Todd,  227,  227  n,  229,  245; 
"  Writings, "  cited,  245  n. 


INDKX. 


371 


i 


Jesuits,   held   property    in    Kasltaskia, 

77  n. 
Jeunber<;ere,  Laurent,  St.  ("lair-County 

militia,  1790,  Si. 
Jodouin, ,  widow,  head  of  family, 

Prairie  du  Koclicr,  17S3,  63,  66. 
Johnson,  Maj.-Lien.  liushrod  K.,  135. 
Johnson,  James,  one  of  lir.>,t  trustees  of 

Vincennes  University,  ;io. 
Johnson,  Judge  John,  109,  1 10. 
Johnson,  Col.  Ki'ch'd  Mentor,  123,  152. 
Johnson,  Sir  William,  u:  Fort  Niaj,'ara, 

233- 

Johnston,  Gen.  Washington,  109,  no. 

Joliet,  Louis,  discoverer,  46  n. 

Jones,  Andrew  Thompson,  son  of  .Myers 
Fisher  Jones,  133. 

Jones,  Cien.  Augustus,  second  son  of 
John  R.Jones,  1796  1887,  128,  130. 

Jones,  Augustus  Dodge,  son  of  (ien. 
Augustus  Jones,  publicist  of  reputa- 
tion, died  in  1885,  author  of  "True 
Metl.jd  of  Electing  the  President  and 
Vice-President  of  the  U.  .S.,"  131. 

Jones,  Chas.  Scott  Dodge,  son  of  (jen. 
G.  W.  Jonts,  135. 

Jones,  Eliza,  daughter  of  John  Rice 
Jones,  128;  married  Hon.  Andrew 
Scott,  136. 

Jones,  Geo.  Rice  Gratiot,  son  of  Gen. 
G.  W.  Jones,  135. 

Jones,  Gen.  Geo.  Wallace,  son  of  John 
Rice  Jones,  128;  sketch  of  his  life, 
133;  mention,  60,  61  n,  66n,  I23n, 
138  n,  152. 

Jones,  Harriet,  dau.  of  John  Rice  Jones, 
128;  first  husband,  Thos.  Brady  of  St. 
Louis;  second  husband,  lion.  John 
Scott  of  Ste.  Genevieve,  Mo.,  137. 

Jones,  Henry,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

I795»  94- 
Jones,  John,  father  of  John  Rice  Jones, 

99- 

Jones,  John,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1795, 
94;  son  of  John  Rice  Jones,  125. 

Jones,  Judge  John  Rice,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskasicia,  1790,  66  n,  75,  75  n; 
Kaskaskia  militia,  86;  paper  on,  by 
W.  A.  Burt  Jones,  99;  born  in  Mall- 
wyd,  Wales,  Feb.  11,  1759;  .practised 
law  in  London;  came  to  America, 
1784,  99;  joined  Geo.  R.  Clark's  ex- 
pedition, ICO;  commissary -general, 
101 ;  took  part  in  Gen.  Harmar's  ex- 
pedition, 103;  large  land- owner,  104; 
attorney-general  of  the  Territory  in 
1801 ;  pro-slavery  sentiments,  105; 
settled  at  Kaskaskia,  107;  compiled 
laws  of  Indiana  Territory;  promoted 


Vincennes  University,  no;  rupture 
with  W.  H.  Il.irrison  on  division  of 
Indiana  Terr  y,  112;  removed  to  St. 
Louis  in  iSio;  good  linguist,  117; 
engaged  in  lead  industry,  iiS;  one 
of  framers  of  .Missouri  constitution, 
121;  justice  of  the  .Missouri  supreme 
court,  123;  his  character,  by  (iov. 
Reynolds,  124;  married,  1759,  125; 
second  marriage,  127;  mention,  60, 
61,  68,  123  n,  139,  140,  141,  14J. 
145,  146,  150. 

Jones,  Gen.  John  Rice,  son  of  John 
Rice  Jones,  born  Jan.  8,  1792;  one 
of  first  settlers  in  'fexas;  died,  1845, 
128,  129,  130. 

Jones,  Mrs.  J.  Rus.sell,  127. 

Jones,  Maria,  daughter  of  John  Rice 
Jones,  126. 

Jone.s,  Michael,  attorney,  of  Kaskaskia, 
administers  oaths  of  office  to  Pierre 
Menard,  35,  36;  indicted  for  abet- 
ting the  murder  of  Rice  Jones,  144-5  J 
candidate  for  congress  in  1808,  145  n; 
admitted  to  bail,  280;  acquitted,  150. 

Jone.s,  Hon.  Myers  Fisher,  son  of  John 
Rice  Jones,  engaged  in  industrial  pur- 
suits, 126,  128. 

Jones,  Nancy,  daughter  of  John  Rice 
Jones,  128. 

Jones,  Judge  Obadiah,  149. 

Jones,    (^scar   Peery,   son  of  Myers 
Fisher  Jones,  133. 

Jones,  Peter,  one  of  first  trustees  o( 
Vincennes  University,  no. 

Jones,  Rice,  son  of  John  Kice  Jones, 
107;  assassination  of,  118;  birth  of, 
125;  memoir  of,  by  W.  A.  Burt  Jones, 
140-53;  born  at  Brecon,  Wales,  1781 ; 
studied  law  at  Litchfield,  Conn.,  140; 
practised  at  Kaskaskia,  1806;  pro- 
slavist,  141 ;  representative  for  Ran- 
dolph County  to  the  legislature,  142; 
fought  duel  with  Wm.  Morrison,  144; 
assassinated  by  Dr.  James  Dunlap, 
146;  his  abilities,  151. 

Jones,   VV^illiam,    St.  Clair-Co.   militia, 

1790,  79.  .90.  94- 
Jones,  William  Augustu;    I^odley,  son 

of  (Jen.  Geo.  Wallace  Jones,  135. 
Jones,  W.  A.  Burt,  of  St.  Paul,  Minn., 

sketch  of  John   Rice  Jones  by,  99; 

sketch  of  the  life  of  Rice  Jones  by, 

140. 
Jones,   William  Ashley,   son  of  Gen. 

Augustus  Jones,   publicist  and  sur- 
veyor; died  in  1856,  131. 
Jones,  William  Powell,  U.  S.  N.,  son 

of  John  Rice  Jones,  126,  129,  135. 


I     a 


J 


372 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


Journal  of  Congress  (of  the  Confedera- 
tion), cited,  37  n. 

|u(ly,  Jacob,    Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 
S6. 

Judy,  Samuel,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 
86,  94- 

Julien,    Franijois,    Prairie  du    Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  96. 


K 


Kahokin,  see  Cahokia. 

Kahos,  see  Cahokia. 

Kane,  F,lias  Kent,  sec'y  of  state,  109. 

Kaskaskia  (Cascaskia,  Kaskaskias,  Kas- 
kaskies),  111.,  parish  register.  Church 
of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  cited, 
17,  20,  22,  42;  heads  of  families  at, 
1783  and  before,  6 1;  residents  at,  in 
1790,  74;  militia,  list  of,  in  1790,  85; 
military  commissions,  1779,  164;  civil 
officers,  1779,  165;  1787,  166;  order 
to  hold  court  at,  1779,  174;  parish 
records,  231  n,  234  n. 

Kaskaskia  Indians,  203,  308. 

Kekion^ja,  on  the  Maumee  River,  2o8n. 

Kemp, ,  of  Kaskaskia,  186. 

Kennedy,  Patrick,  of  Kaskaskia,  63, 
255,  256,  256  n,  271,  272,  293,  323, 
324,  33c,  341,  347,  348,  349  n,  351. 

Kennerly,  Geori^e  li.,  son-in-law  of 
Pierre  Menard,  23. 

Kenon,  Lawrence,  St.Clair-Co.  militia, 

1705,  94- 

Keokuk,  Indian  chief,  134. 

Kenyon,  Lawrence,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  66,  79,  90,  96. 

Kickapoo  Indians,  261,  263,  264. 

Kincade,  James,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 

Kinney,  Abraham,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795,  94- 
Kinney,  Andrew,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Kinney,   foseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Kinney,  Samuel,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Kinney,  Winder,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  94-  ^ 
Kohos,  see  Cahokia. 
Kohoskia  fund,  169,  170. 
Kuykendall,  Jacob,  one  of  first  trustees 

of  University  of  Vincennes,  no. 


Labiche,    Klizabeth,    head  of    family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 


Labriere,  Antoine,   Kaskaskia  militia, 

i7<)o,  86. 

Labriere,  Raymond  Normand,  head  of 
family,  Kai^kaskia,  1783,  63,  75. 

Labrosse,  Marie,  head  of  family,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Lal)uxiere  (Labusiere),    Antoine,    .St. 
Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  83,  90. 

Labuxiere,  Kranc^ois,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  90. 

Labuxiere,    Joseph,    head   of  fa  '"'v. 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  72. 

Labuxiere  (Labusiere),  Louis,  St.  ^.aii 
County  militia,  1790,  S3,  90. 

LaChapeile,  Knsijrn  Antoine,  Kaskas- 
kia militia,  1790,  74,  74  n,  86,  96. 

LaCiiapelle,  Raptiste,   Kaskaskia  mili 
tia,  1790,  74,  86,  96,  128. 

LaChapeile,  Hazile,  Kaskaskia  militia. 
1790,  74,  74  n,  86,  96,  128. 

LaChapeile,  Charles,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

LaChapeile,  Jn.,  res.  of  Kaskaskia. 
1790,  74. 

LaChapeile,  Joseph,  Kaskaskia  militia. 
1790,  85,  96. 

LaChapeile,  Louis,  Kaskaskia  militia. 
1790,  86. 

LaChapeile,  Marie  Louise,  widow  id 
of  family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  (: 

LaChoisie, ,  French  soldier, 

blave   suspected   of   having   assassi- 
nated, 232. 

LaCoste,  Pierre,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 

LaCourse,  Antoine,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  68,  70,  72,  84,  90. 

LaCoiiture,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  68,  70,  72,  84,  90. 

LaCroix,  alias  Hagon,  Chas.,  St.  Clair- 
County  militia,  1790,  68,  70,  72,  84, 
90. 

LaCroix,  Isedore,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  90. 

LaCroix,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  70,  72;  sheriff  of  Ca- 
hokia, 1779,  165,  173,  176. 

Laderoute,  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63,  76. 

Laderoute,  Jacque,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  77,  86,  96. 

Laderoute,  dit  Seguin,  Louis,  Kaskas- 
kia militia,  1790,  76,  86. 

Laffont,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

Laflamme,  Bazile,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  90. 

Laflamme,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  rnilitia, 
1790,  81,  90. 


^^^2. 


1 


INDKX. 


375 


Lafleur,    I'aul   I'ouiJard  alius,   head  of 
family,  St.  Clair  Co.,  17X3,  73. 

l.aFleur,  I'ieire,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia,  1783,  68,  70. 

Laforme,  Cha.s.,  head  of  family,  I'rairie 
du  Kocher,  17S3,  66. 

l.aforme,  Chas.,  yr.,  I'rairie  du  Kuchcr 
militia,  1790,  87. 

Laforme,  llipolite,   Kaskaskia  militi.i, 
1790,  86. 
.         LaGaudiniere,  Michel,  head  of  family. 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  72. 

Lagauterie,  lynace,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  86. 
k       1-aClrave,  Michel,  head  of  family,  Ca- 
hokia, 17S3,  68,  70,  72. 

Lajeunesse,  Sergt.  I'ierre,  St.  ( "iair-C  o 
militia,  1790,  81,  90. 

Lajoie,  There/e,  widow,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

1-ajoye,  Jean  Bapt.,  I'rairie  du  Kocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  96. 

Lajoye,  I'ierre,  I'rairie  du  Rocher  mili- 
tia, 1790,  87,  96. 

Lake-rcpin  Reservation,  131. 

l-alamet,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  90. 

LaLaiicete,  Sergt.  Joseph,  head  of  fam- 
ad      P  '')'.  Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  72,  84. 

I.alamle,   Alexander,   head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

Lalande,  Jean   I'.aptiste,    St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  84,  90. 

Lamar,  Mirabeau  IJ.,  129. 

Lamarche,  Antoine,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  70,  72,  81,  90. 

l.amarche,  Jacque,   .St.  Clair-Co.   mili- 
tia, 1790,  90. 

Lamarche,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  90. 

Lambert,  Eustache,  of  I'eoria,  269. 

Lambert,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  68,  70,  72,  84,  90. 

Langlade,  Chas.  de,  231,  232,  233, 

Langlois,  ,  of  Kaska.skia,  148. 

Langlois,   Catherine,  widow,   head  of 
family,  Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70. 

Langlois,  Etienne,   Prairie  du   Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87. 

Langlois,  Gabriel,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  90. 

Langlois,  Gerard,  head  of  family,  Prai- 
rie du  Rocher,  1783,  66. 

Langlois,  Pierre,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 

Langlois,  Raphael,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  90. 

Langlois,   Therese   Poupard,    widow, 
head  of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  73. 


Languedoc,  province  of,  France.  iS. 

La})ence  (Lapensee),  Sergt.  KraiKoi- 
Xavier,  St.  (  lair-Co.  militia.  1790, 
S3.  91. 

Lajjcnce  (Lapensee),  Jean,  St.  t  lair- 
County  militia.  1790,"  68,  70,  72,  S4, 
91. 

Lapence  ( Lapensee),  IJeut.  Joseph.  St. 
Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  68,"  70.  S3.  91 : 
heirs  of,  .St.  Clair  County,  lji<],  72. 

Laperche,  I'ierre,  St.  I  lair-Co.  militia. 

Lai)lante,  Ale.xis,  head  of  family.  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 

Laplante,  Joseph.  St.  Clair-Co.  militia. 
1790,  S3,  91. 

Lal'rairie,  near  .Montreal,  19,  22. 

Larkin, ,  St.  Clair-C'ounty  militia, 

1790,  79- 

Laroche.  I'ierre,  heail  of  family,  I'rairie 
du  kocher,  17S3,  67. 

Larue,  Jean,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  63. 

Lasahlonier  ( Lasabloniare),  Jacques, 
head  of  family,  Prairie  du  Rocher, 
1783,  67;  at  Kaskaskia,  1790,  77. 

LaSource,  Antoine,  witness  before  the 
Court  of  Lnquiry,  315,  316. 

LaSource,  Haptiste,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783.  63,  63  n,  64  n. 

Lasource,  Catherine,  widow,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

Lasource,  Helen,  widow,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

Lasource,  J accpies,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia. 1783,  63,  63  n,  64  n;  member 
of  Court  of  Kaskaskia,  1779,  165. 

Lasource  (La.sasse.se),  Michael,  Kaskas- 
kia militia,  1790,  78,  86. 

Lassonde,  Louis,  head  of  family,  I'rairie 
du  Rocher,  17S3,  67. 

Latulippe,  Capt.  Pierre  (Guery),  one  of 
witnes.ses  at  marriage  of  P.  Menard 
and  Therese  (iodin,  1792,  25,  28; 
member  of  Court  of  .St.  Vincennes, 
1779,  165;  militia  officer  at  St.  Vin- 
cennes, 1779,  166. 

Lavertue,  Dennis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  91. 

Lavigne,  Ambroise,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

Lavigne,  Antoine,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63;  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  75,  97. 

Lavoie,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  67. 

Lavoye,  Joseph,  jr.,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  96. 

Lawrence's  Creek,  214. 


\ 


\7A 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


'I 

jii 

i  ' 
i< 


i 


'1     I 


■i     s 


It       \ 


Law's  (John)  "The  Colonial  History  of 

Vincennes,"  cited,  103  n,  127  n. 
Ixach,  George,  1 10. 
Lead-mines  of  Missouri,  120. 
Lead-minuig  in  Mo.,  pioneers  of,  118. 
Leavens,    Ilenry,    surety   for   Michael 

Jones,  149. 
Leavens,  Thomas,  surety  for  Michael 

Jones,  149. 
Lei^asque,  Pierre,  St.  Ciair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  77. 
Leblanc,  Jean  Baptiste,   St.  Clair -Co. 

militia,  1790,  91. 
Leboeuf,  Marianne,  widow  of  Phillip, 

head  of  family,  Cahokia,   1783,  68, 

70,  72. 
Leboeuf,  Phillip,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  81,  91. 
Lebrun,  Sergt.  Louis,  St.  Clair-County 

militia,  1790,  68,  70,  72,  81,  91. 
LeCompte,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  68,  70,  72,  83,  91. 
LeDuc,   Hon.    Marie   P.,  of  Missouri 

legislature,  122. 
LeFevre,  Chas.,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia, 1783,  68,  70,  72. 
LeFevre,  Fran(;ois,  alias  Courier,  head 

of  family,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  68,  70, 

72,  83. 
LeFevre,  alias  Courier,  jr.,   Fran9ois, 

St.  Clair-County  militia,  1790,  91. 
LeFevre,  Jean  Marie,  head  of  family, 

Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70. 
i^eFevre,  Laurent,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  84,  91. 
LeF'evre,    alias   Courier,    Pascal,    St. 

Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  83,  91. 
LeGrand,  Gabriel,  clerk  of  Court  of 

St.  Vincennes,  165. 
LeGras,  Col.  J.  M.  P.,    165,  190,  19:, 

198,  199,  228,  289. 
Lemen  (Lemmon),  James,  St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  79,  91,  94,  96,  182. 
Lemieux,  Claude,  head  of  family,  Kas- 

kaskia,  1783,  63,  75. 
Lemieux,   Fran9ois,   Kaskaskia,    1790, 

75,  86,  96. 
Lemieux,    Louis,   Kaskaskia   militia, 

1790,  75,  86,  96. 
Lepage,  Antoine,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  83,  91. 
Lepage,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.   militia, 

1790,  68.  71,  83,  91. 
Lepage,   Leon,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia, 1783,  68,  70,  72. 
Lepage,   S'.-.on,   St.  ClairCo.   militia, 

1790,  83,  9r. 
Lepage, ,  widow,  head  of  family, 

St.  Clair  County,  1783,  72. 


Letang,  Pascal,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  91. 

Letourneau,  Jacque,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  84,  91. 

Levy,  Isaac,  head  of  family,  Cahokia, 
1783,  68,  70;  heirs  of,  St.  Clair  Co., 
1783,  72;  mention,  254. 

Levy,  Louis  Pierre,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  91. 

Lewis,  Gen.  Andrew,  155. 

Lewis,  Meriwether,  governor  of  Louisi- 
ana Territory,  21,  36,  37. 

Leyba,  Don  Ferdinande  de,  Spanish 
commandant,  175. 

Libberville,  Joseph,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

License  for  trade,  in  1796,  166. 

Limestone  Creek,  156,  221. 

Limestone  Run,  214. 

Lincoln,  President  Abraham,  133. 

Lincoln  County,  militia  of,  212. 

Lindsay, ,  189,  192,  201,  208,  209, 

212. 

Linitot,  Godefroy,  228. 

Liny,  W.,  271. 

Lionnais,  -,  of  Peoria,  269. 

"Liste  des  Habitans  resident  aux  Kas- 
kaskias  en  1790,"  74. 

Litchfield,  Conn.,  law-school  of,  140. 

Lize,  Pierre,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  81,  91. 

Locat,  Rene,  head  of  family,  Cahokia, 
1783,  68,  70;  heirs  of,  St.  Clair  Co., 

1783,  72. 
Lock,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  94; 

Locuyer  dit  St.  Sauveur,  Pierre,  St. 
Clair-County  militia,  1790,  92. 

Logan  (Tah-gah-jute),  Indian,  206. 

Logan,  Col.  IJenjamin,  215,  216. 

Logan's  town,  206. 

Loisie,  Mary  Jeane,  widow,  head  of 
family,  Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71. 

Longchamp,  Louis  de,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  70,  72. 

Longtemp  (Loncting),  Constant,  St. 
Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  81,  91. 

Longval,  Francois,  head  of  family, 
St.  Clair  County,  1783,  71;  St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  83,  91. 

Longval,  Francois,  sr.,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71,  72;  St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  83,  91. 

Longval,  Hippolite,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  83,  91. 

Longval,  Hubert,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  91. 

Longvalle,  Jn.,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 
75- 


INDKX. 


375 


[ 


Longval  (Lonval),  Joseph,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  63,  86,  96. 

Longval  (Lonval,  Louvalle),  Louis,  hea<l 
of  family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  63,  75. 

Longval,  Michel,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  91. 

Lord,  Caot.  and  Maj.  Hugh,  236,  237, 
237  n,  :J38,  244,  246,  250,  253,  253  n, 
254 n,  257,  259,  2o2,  266,  278,  290. 

Lord,  Richard,   104. 

Loups,  chiefs  cf  the.  280. 

Louviere,  Antoine  du  ("hasfourt  de,  jr., 
head  of  family,  Prairie  du  Rocher, 
1783,  67,  323,  324,  341. 

Louviere,  Antoine  du  Chasfourt  de,  sr., 
head  of  family,  Prairie  du  Rocher, 
1783,  67,  i^s.  324;  of  the  Court  of 
Kaskaskia,  1779,  165. 

Louviere,  Pierre,  head  of  fam.,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  67. 

Lucas,  Judge  John  P>.  C,  122. 

Lunceford  (Luntsford),  Geo.,  St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  79,  91,  94,  96. 

Lyle,  John,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790, 

91- 
Lynn,  William,  220. 


M 


McBride,  William,  juror  in  Rice-Jones' 

murder  case,  149. 
McCall, ,    witness   of  murder   of 

Rice  Jones,  147. 
McCan,  Daniel,  St. Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  94- 
McCarty,  Richard,  of  Cahokia,  license 

to  trade,  1779,  166;  sketch  of,  i67,n, 
255  n;  goods  delivered  to,  184;  cap- 
tain in  Illinois  regiment,  205;  letter 
to  John  Todd,  206;  letter  to  Kochc- 
blave,  168,  254. 

McConnell's  Station,  Kentucky,  204. 

McCormick,  John,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 

McCrosky,  Pat.,  177. 

McDonough's  "History  of  Randolph 
County,"  cited,  ii7n,  145  n,  i5on. 

McDowell,  John,  secretary,  192. 

McFee,  Thos.,  of  Kaskaskia,  witness 
in  Court  of  Enquiry,  329,  332,  353. 

McJ'erron,  John,  surety  for  Michael 
Jones,  149. 

McGirk,  Judge  Mathias,  Missouri,  123. 

McKee,  Samuel,  one  of  first  trustees 
of  Vincennes  l" niversity,  1 10. 

McKnight  [John]  &  Urady  [Thomas], 
of  St.  Louis,  merchants,  137. 

McKnight,  Thomas,  of  Ikady  &  Mc- 
Knight, 137. 

25-34-10 


McLaughlin,    Henry,   St.  C:iair-County 

militia,  1790,  91,  94. 
.McLaughlin,  William,  St.  <.lair-County 

militia,  1795,  94. 
•McLosky,  Alexander,  head  of  family, 

Kaskaskia,  17S3,  63. 
McNabb,   Alexander,   Kaskaskia  mili- 
tia, 1790,  77,  86,  96. 
McNabl),   Archibald,  head  of  family, 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  63,  149. 
McNabb,   James,    Kaskaskia   militia, 

1790,  77,  86,  96. 
McN'air,  (lov.  Alexander,  of  Missouri, 

121. 

McNamee,  lilias,  one  of  first  trusteo 
uf  Vincennes  University,  no. 

McRoberts,  James  [father  of  Senator 
Samuel  and  Judge  Josiah],  St.  Clair- 
Couniy  militia,  1790,  91. 

Mc Roberts,  Judge  .Samuel,  123. 

Macon,  Amable,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  91. 

Madison,  James,  secretary  of  state,  3S. 

Maillet,  F.,  of  I'eoria,  268. 

Maisonville,  Joseph,  Kaskaskia,  1783. 
63;  a  merchant  of  Detroit,  witness 
to  deposition  of  (iabriel  Cerrc  at  Ft. 
Gage,  April  29,  1777,  260,  261 ;  at 
Detroit  in  1778,  276. 

Manegre,  Corp.  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co. 
uiiHtia,  1790,  83,  91. 

Manuel,  negro,  warrant  for  execution 
of,  by  burning  alive,  172. 

Marechal,  -  -,  widow,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  17S3,  67. 

Marie,  [oseph,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  83,  91. 

Marin,  Sieur.  Perriere,  in  W'isconsin  in 
1759.  233,  269. 

Marleau.\  (Marlow),  Andrew,  .St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  84,  91. 

Marleaux,  Gabriel,  St.  Clair-C!o.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  81,  91. 

Marleaux,  (iabriel,  jr.,  St.  Clair-County 
•.nililia,  1790,  91. 

Marleaux,  Jean  Jiaptiste,  St,  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  91. 

Marquette,  Jaciues,  explorer,  46 n. 

Marrois,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 

Mars  (Marr),  Thomas,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  79,  91,  94. 

Marshall,  T.,  member  of  \'irginia  com- 
missioners, 221. 

Marthen,  I'.,  lieutenant  in  District  of 
Cahokia,  164;  member  of  Cahokia 
Court,  165. 

Martin,  Corp.  Pierre,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  69,  71,  72,  85,  91. 


J 


n^ 


EARLY   ILLINOIS, 


III 


|M 


Martin,  Pierre,  jr.,  St.Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  85,  91. 

Mascoutin  Indians,  261,  264,  268. 

Mason,  Edward  Gay,  sketch  of  Pierre 
Menard  by,  17;  lists  of  early  Illinois 
citizens,  introduction  by,  55;  sketch 
of  Philippe  de  Rocheblave,  by,  231 ; 
and  various  notes  throughout  the  vol- 
ume signed  E.  g.  m. 

Aiastersun,  Michael,  St.  Clair- County 
militia,  1795,  94. 

Mathers,  Elihu,   St.  Clair -Co.  militia, 

1795.  94- 

Mathews,  Capt.  R.,  secretary  of  Gen. 
Haldimand,  248;  letters  cited,  to 
Rocheblave,  249 n;  to  Maj.  Lord, 
25on;  to  Haldimand,  251  n;  from 
Rocheblave,  248  n,  250,  251. 

Maxwell,  Elizabeth,  42. 

Maxwell,  Hugh  H.,  23. 

Maxwell,  Col.  Lucien,  of  "  Maxwell 
land-grant, "  23. 

"Maxwell  land-grant,"  23. 

May, le,  head  of  family,  Prairie 

du  Rocher,  1783,  67. 

May,  Francois  le,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  84,  91. 

May  (Hay),  Jean  de,  head  of  family, 
Cahokia,  1783,  68,  72. 

May,  Mary  Louise,  widow  of  Louis,  le, 
alias  Theophile,  head  of  family,  Ca- 
hokia, 1783,  68,  70,  72. 

May  field, ,  head  of  family,  Kas- 

kaskia,  1783,  63. 

Mayiot,  Jacque,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790;  85,  91. 

Mease's,  E. ,  notes  on  maps  in  Pitman's 
"European  Settlements, "cited,  234n. 

Menard,  Amedee,  son  of  Pierre,  24. 

Menard,  Mrs.  Augustine  (Ste.Gemme), 
24;  letters  of,  cited,  18  n,  19  n,  20  n. 

Menard,  Alzira,  daughter  of  Pierre 
Menard,  23. 

Menard,  Berenice,  daughter  of  Pierre 
Menard,  23. 

Menard,  Edmund,  son  of  Pierre  Men- 
ard, member  of  legislature  for  Ran- 
dolph County,  23. 

Menard,  Fran9ois  P.,  son  of  Pierre 
Menard,  23. 

Menard,  Hippolite,  brother  of  Pierre 
Menard,  19,  22. 

Menard,  Jean  Baptiste,  called  Brinda- 
mour,  father  of  Pierre  Menard,  17, 
18,  19,  41,  42,  43. 

Menard,  Jean  Frangois,  brother  of 
Pierre  Menard,  19,  22. 

Menard,  Jean  Marie,  brother  of  Pierre 
Menard,  18. 


Menard, f  John,  147. 

Menard,  Louis  Cyprien,  23. 

Menard,. Matthew  Saucier,  son  of  Pierrt- 
Menard,  23. 

Menard,   Michel,   brother  of  Pierre 
Menard,  19. 

Menard,  Michel  [Brindamour],  nephew 
of  Pierre  Menard,  elected  chief  of 
Shawnees;  one  of  the  founders  of 
Texas,  22. 

Menard,   Odile,  daughter  of  Pierre 
Menard,  23. 

Menard,  Peter,  son  of  Pierre,  23. 

Menard,  Pierre,  dit  Brindamour  (por- 
trait), 19;  sketch  of,  17-24;  born  Oct. 
7,  1766,  at  St.  Antoine,  Lower  Can- 
ada, 17;  at  Vincennes  in  1788,  19; 
interviews  Gen.  Washington  in  1789, 
20;  marries  Therese  Godin  in  1 792 ; 
married  again  in  1806  to  Angelique 
Saucier,  20;  list  of  positions  held  by 
him,  21 ;  died  in  1844, 22;  first  elected 
to  public  office  in  Kaskaskia,  1795, 
20;  res.  of  Kaskaskia,  1790,  77;  first 
lieut.-gov.  of  Illinois,  77  n;  2d  wife 
the  dau".  of  Frangois  Saucier,  81  n; 
Kaskaskia  militia,  1790,  86;  entitled 
to  donation,  96;  mention,  74  n,  75  n, 
104,  105,  107,  109,  123,  148,  251. 

Menard  Papers,  Pierre,  by  Edward  G. 
Mason,  25-43;  ante-nuptial  contrac*^, 
25;  commission  as  major  of  militia, 
29;  as  judge  of  Randolph  County; 
as  associate-judge  of  criminal  court, 
31;  to  take  testimony  in  land-office 
claims;  as  judge  of  court  of  common 
pleas,  34;  as  lieut. -colonel  of  miUtia, 
35,  38;  as  captain  of  infantry,  36;  as 
Indian  agent,  39;  to  make  Indian 
treaties,  40;  birth  and  family,  41-3. 

Menard,  Sophie  A.,  dau.  of  Pierre 
Menard,  24. 

Mendoza,  Sergt.  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  83,  91. 

Mercier,  Hubert,  St.  Clair-Co,  militia, 
1790,  91. 

Mercier,  Jacques,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 

Mercier,  Sergt.  Jean  Baptiste,  St.  Clair- 
Co.  miHtia,  1790,  69,  71,  72,  81,  91. 

Mercier,  |ulien,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  91. 

Mercier,  Mary,  head  of  family,  Caho- 
kia, 1783,  69. 

Merney,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  94. 
Messinger,  John,  elected  to  legislature 
of  Indiana  Territory,  in  St.  Clair  Co., 
114,  142. 


INDKX. 


177 


on  of  Pierre 

of  Pierre 

ir],  nephew 
2d  chief  of 
bunders  of 

of  Pierre 

e,  23. 
mour  (por- 
born  Oct. 
■ower  Can- 

,^1^'i,   19; 
)n  in  1 789, 
n  in  1792; 
Angelicjue 
ns  held  by 
irst  elected 
kia,  1795, 
3,  77;  first 
1;  2d  wife 
:ier,  81  n; 
j;  entitled 
'4n,  75  n, 
^8,  251. 
dward  CJ. 
contrac% 
jf  militia, 
I  County; 
lal  court, 
and-office 
r  common 
)f  militia, 
■y,  36;  as 
e  Indian 

f  Pierre 

Jlair-Co. 

.  militia, 

ily,  Kas- 

5t.  Clair- 

.  81,  91, 

militia, 

',  Caho- 

militia, 

[islature 
air  Co., 


I 


Mesuri  (St. Genevieve,  Mo.),  220. 

Methode,  Jean  Kaptiste,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  91. 

Metioier  (Mitevur),  Michel,  St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  85,  91. 

Meurin,  Father,  235. 

Miami  Indians,  103,  208  n. 

Miault,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia,  1783,  63. 

Miault  (Miot),  Magdalen  Angelique, 
widow,  head  of  lamily,   Kaskaskia, 

1783.  63. 
Milam,  Col.  Benj.  R.,  of  Texas,  129. 
M  ililia  of  St.  Clair  Co. ,  Aug.  i ,  1 790, 88. 
Militia  rolls,  74,  78,  80,  82,  84,  85,  87, 

93,  95- 
Mine  a  Breton,  now  I'otosi,  Mo.,  118, 

120. 
Misere,  see  Ste.  Genevieve,  Mo. 
Mitot,  Jean  Baptiste,  St.  Clair-County 

militia,  1790,  83. 
Monast,  Mrs.  (Carrie  le  Vasseur),  wife 

of  Dr.  Pierre  Louis,  of  Chicago,  54. 
Monroe,  President  James,  136. 
Montague's  "  Directory  and  Historical 

Sketches  of  Randolph  Co.,"  cited, 

17  n. 
Montcalm,  Gen.   Loujs  Joseph  de  St. 

Viran,  Marquis  de,  defeat  of,  in  1759, 

234- 
Montgomery,  Gen.  Richard,  19. 

Montgomery,  Col.  John,  head  of  fam., 
Kaskaskia,  1783,63;  commanding  at 
Kaskaskia,  178,  184,  185,  193,  209, 
210,  218;  letter  of,  to  Board  of  Com. 
for  settlement  of  West'n  Acc'ts,  221, 
222  n,  256;  mention,  205. 

Montreuil  (MontureuUe),  Jean  Bapte., 
head   of   family,    Kaskaskia,    1783, 

63,  76.  .  .  .' 

Montrie,  Fran(,ois,  Kaskaskia  militia, 

1790,  86. 
Mooney,  Mary,  widow  of  James,  head 
of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71,  72. 
Moore,  James,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  63;  oath  of  allegiance  of, 

'79- 
Moore,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  79.  9'.  94.  96. 
Moore, ,  widow  of  James,  head  of 

family,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  72. 
Moore,  Stephen  R.,  of  Kankakee,  111., 

memoir  of  Noel  le  Vasseur  by,  44. 
Moore,  William,   St.  Clair-Co.  miliiia, 

1790.  91.  94- 

Morace,  a  slave,  173. 

Moraniy,  Jac,  Kaskaskia,  1790,  76. 

Morensi,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 


Morgan,  George,  of  Kaskaskia,  mer- 
chant, 56,  270;  of  Jjoynton,  Wharton 
&  M.,  292;  Court  of  Enquiry  to  ad- 
just disputes  between  certain  Frencli 
citizens  and,  291,  el  set/. 

Morgan  memorial,  before  Continental 
congress,  57. 

Morin,  Antoine,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  63. 

Morin,  James,  Kaskaskia,  1790,  272. 

Moiin,  Louis,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  91. 

Monis,    Alexis,    Kaskaskia    militia, 
1790,  86. 

Morris,  James,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  63. 

Morris,  Jean  Baptiste,  Kaskaskia  mili- 
tia, 1790,  86. 

Morri.s,    Samuel,    St.  Clair-Co.    militia, 

1790,  79.  91.  9fj- 
Morrison,    Judge  John,   of    Waterloo, 

111.,  146." 
Morrison,    Robert,  of  Kaskaskia,  104, 

105,  147. 
Morrison,  William,  of  Kaska.skia,  20, 

42,   65,   67,   74  n,   77,   77  n,   86,   87, 

104,  143,  147,  148. 
Moses,   John,   introduction   to  "Court 

of   ICnquiry  at    Fort  Chartres"  by, 

420,  ct  sec/. 
Mothe,  Capt.  (Juillaume  la,  263. 
Mount    St.  Mary's    College,    Kmmels- 

burg,  Maryland,  23. 
Mullowney,  Dr.  Stephen,  U.-S.  consul 

to  Monterey,  Mexico,  131. 
Mulotte,  Jacque,   St.  Clair-Co.  miiilia, 

1790,  81,  91. 
Mulotte,   Jean    Baptiste,   St. Clair- Co. 

militia,  "1790,  69,  71,  73,  81,  91. 
Munier,  Jean,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  83,  91. 
Murdoch   (Moredock),    Maj.    John,   al 

Kaskaskia,  79,  79  n,  91,  94,^96,  105. 
Murray,    Daniel,   head  of  family.  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64;  trader,  sketch  of, 

256  n,    259;    treacherous    to    British 

cause,  289. 
Murray,  William,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,   79,   791,  91,  94,  96;  sketch, 

256  n. 
Music,  David,  St.  C-lair-County  militia, 

•795,  94- 
Music,    Kli,    St.  Clair-County   militia, 

•795,  94- 

N 

Nathan,  .Simon,  purveyor  to  Geo.  K. 
Clark's  army,  198,  219,  228. 


»W" 


J 


WW 


378 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


B 


I 


Navelle,   Antoine,    Kaskaskia   militia, 
1790,  77. 

Navelle,  Marque,  Kaskaskia,  1790,  77. 

Nehaume,  Paul,  Kaskaskia,  1790,  76. 

Nelson,   Elijah,   head  of  family,   Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

New  Design,  settlers  of,  in  1795,  93  n. 

"New-York   Colonial   Documents," 
cited,  232  n,  233  n. 

Nichola,  Madam ,  315. 

Nicholle  (Nicolle),   Etienne,  St.  Clair- 
County  militia,  1790,  81,  91. 

Nicholle  (Nicolle),  Julien,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  81,  91. 

Noize,  Francois,  dit  1'  Abbe,  St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  85. 

Normand,  Jean   Baptiste,    Kaskaskia, 
1790,  77. 

Northwestern  Fur-Company,  251. 

Norton,  James,   St.  Clair-Co.    militia, 

I795<  94- 


Obuchon,  Gabriel,  sr.,  head  of  family, 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  64,  86. 
Ogle,   Benjamin,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  79,  91,  94- 
Ogle,  Jacob,   St.  Clair- County  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Ogle,  Joseph,  jr.,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  79,  91,  94,  96. 
Ogle,  Joseph,  sr.,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  79,  79",  91,  96,  182. 

O'Hara,  Henry  (henerey  oharo),  head 
of  family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  64,  79, 
94- 

O'Hara,  H  my,  jr.,  St.  Clair- County 
militia,  1790,  91. 

O'Hara,  James,  96,  104. 

■O'Hara  (Oharro),  John,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  79,  91,  94,  96. 

Old  Settlers'  Association  of  Iroquois 
County,  Illinois,  44. 

Olivier,  Nicholas,  I'rairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87. 

Ollivier,  Donatien,  priest  of  Kaskas- 
kia, 20. 

Omier,  Jean  llaptiste,  Kaskaskia  mili- 
tia, 1700,  87. 

Ordinance  of  1787,  mention,  56,  106, 
108,  III. 

O'Reilly,  Don  Ale.xandro,  Spanish  com- 
mander at  New  Orleans,  235,  236. 

Orr,  James,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  64,  182. 

Ottawa  Indians,  40. 

Owen,  Hannah,  mother  of  John  Todd, 
'55- 


Pagan,  David,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  64. 

Page,  Etienne,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  64,  74. 

Page,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  64,  78,  9/. 

Page,  Lieut. -Gov.  John,  letter  to  John 
Todd,  190. 

Pancrass,  Francois,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  81,  91. 

Pancrass,  Marrain,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  91. 

Pancrasse,  Therese,  widow,  head  of 
family,  Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71 ;  heirs 
of,  .St.  Clair  County,  1783,  73. 

Parard,    Etienne,    Kaskaskia   militia, 
1790,  77. 

Parisian,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  83,  91.. 

Parke,  Benjamin,  delegate  from  Indi- 
ana Territory,  108,  109,  no.  III. 

Pazet,  Mile.  ,  254. 

Pearson,  Capt. ,  at  <^uebec,  1777, 

266. 

Pecard  (Picard),  Pierre,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  83. 

Peck,  Judge  James  II.,  123. 

I'ees,  see  Peoria. 

Peltier,  alias  Antaya,  Capt.  Antoine, 
militia  of  Randolph  Co.,   1790,  86. 

87,  96. 
Peltier  (Pelletier,  Pettie),  Joseph,   St. 
Clair-County  militia,    1790,  69,   71, 

12>,  85,  91- 
Peltier  (Pelletier),  Michel,  alias  Antaya, 
head  of  family,  Cahokia,   1783,  69, 

71,  73- 
Peltry  account,  1779,  184,  218,  219. 
Penn,  William,  54. 
Pensoneau  (Pinsonneau),    Etienne,  St. 

Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  92. 
Pensoneau  ( Pansinneau,  Panconneaux), 

Louis,  St.  Clair-County  militia,  1790, 

81,  91. 
I'eoria,  111.,  formerly  Fort  Clark,  23, 

268;  letter  of  inhabitants  of,  to  Roche- 

blave,  268.     Syn.,  Le  Pe,  Lee  Pee, 

Opa,  Pay,  Pays,  Pe,  Pees,  An  Pay. 
Perie,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  83. 
Perier,  Baptiste,  entitled  to  donation, 

97- 
Perier,  Catherine,  widow,  head  of  fam., 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  1 783,  67. 
Perio,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 

Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71. 
Perrault,  J.  F.,  New  Orleans,  189,  193. 


t 


INDEX. 


379 


219. 
bie,  St. 


yK  23, 

IRoche- 
ee  ]'ee, 
li  l*ay. 
|nilitia, 

lation, 

fam. , 

imily, 

V  193- 


I'errin,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  64;  Prairie  dii 
Rocher  militia,  1790,  87. 

Perrot,  Nicholas,  member  of  Court  of 
Vincennes,  165. 

Perry,  Rev.  Francis  Noel,  grandson  ol 
Noel  le  Vasseur,  54. 

Perry  (Perrey),  Jean  Fran(,ois,  St. Clair-  ; 
County  militia,  1790,  92,  105. 

Peyster,  Maj.  Arent  Schuyler  de,  227  n, 
247,  260  n,  263;  letter  to  Haldimand, 
cited,  248  n;  letter  of,  cited,  256 n. 

Picard,  Pierre,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  64;  St.Ciair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  87,  92,  178. 

Pickaway,  the,  206. 

Pierce,  President  Franklin,  131. 

Piggot,  Capt.  James,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  59,  64,  73,  78,  79,  79  n,  80, 
92,  93,  94;  roll  of  company  of,  in  first 
militia  regiment,  Apr.  26,  1790,  78; 
Sept.,  1795,  93. 

Piijgot,  Levi,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  92,  94. 

Piggot,  William,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

"1790,  79,  92,  97- 

Pilet,  Charles,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  81,  92. 

Pilet,  Louis,  head  of  family,  Cahokia, 
1783,  69,  71,  73;  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  81,  92. 

Pilet,  Michel,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  83,  92. 

Piper,  Daniel,  entitled  to  donation,  97. 

Pipps,  Windsor,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Placey,  Capt.  ,  173. 

Point  Pleasant,  battle  of,  155. 

Poirier,  Joseph,  alias  Desloges,  head  of 
family,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  73;  St, 
Clair-Co.  militia,  179c,  84,  89,  92; 
head  of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  68. 

Poirier,  Joseph,  jr.,  alias  Desloges,  head 
of  family,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1790,  84,  89. 

Poirier,  Paul,  dit  Desloges,  St.  Clair- 
County  militia,  1 790,  84,  92. 

"Poliuto,"  Franc  li.  Wilkie's  uom  de 
p'ume,  138  n. 

I'olk,  President  James  Knox,  133. 

Pollock,  Oliver,  of  New  Orleans,  let- 
ters. Col.  Todd  to,  191;  to  Col. Todd, 
193;  mention,  192,  213,  218,  219, 
220,  223,  228. 

I'ond,  John,   St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  94- 
Pope,  Nathaniel,  sec'y  of  111.  ler.,  21, 

38;  fac-simile,  39;  109,  123. 

Pope,  Pierre  la,  Cahokia,  1 783,  72. 

Portage  des  Sioux,  Mo.,  20,  81  n,  83 n. 


Porter,  ( Jov.  Ceo.  15.,  of  Michigan,  133. 
Porter,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  79,  92,  94,  97- 
Porter,  R.,  of  Kaskaskia,  147. 
Portugais,  Manuel,    Kaskaskia  militia, 

1790,  86. 
Post  of  Arkansas,  136. 
Post  St.  Vincent,  see  Vincennes,  Ind. 
Potomac  River,  100,  233. 
Polosi,  Mo.,  formerly  Mine  a  Breton. 

118,  I39n. 
Pottawatomie  country,  49. 
Pottawatomie  Indians,  40,  44,  47,  51, 

78  n,  255,  264. 
Poupard,  Joseph,  alias  Dormeur,  head 

of  family,  St.  Clair  County,  1783,  73; 

St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  83,  92. 
Poupard,  Seryt.  Paul,  alias  Lafleur,  head 

of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71,  73; 

St.  Clair-Co.  miUtia,  1790,  81,  92. 
Poupard,  Therese,  wid.  Langlois,  heatl 

of  family,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  73. 
Powell,  Gen.  Menry  Watson,  256  n. 
Powell,  Eliza,   first  wife  of  John  Rice 

Jones,  125. 
Powell,  Richard,  125. 
Powell,  Mary,  125. 
Powers,  (ieorge,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1790,  79,  92,  97- 

Poweshiek,  Indian  chief,  134. 

Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.,  46. 

Prairie  du  Pont,  etc.,  in  1783,  heads  of 
families  at  Cahokia,  71,  55. 

Prairie  du  Rocher  and  St.  Phillips,  in- 
habitants of,  in  1783,  66;  militia 
officer  of,  1779,  164;  mention,  55, 
56,  58,  63. 

Pressley,  Peter,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Prideaux,  Gen.  John,  233. 

Prince  of  Wales'  Own  Regiment,  75th 
foot,  254  n. 

Prince,  Wm.,  member  of  slavery  con- 
vention at  Vincennes,  1802,  105. 

Pring,  Nathaniel  C,  84. 

Provant,  Antoin,  res.  of  St.  Clair  Co. , 

1790,  75- 
Provost,   Jean  Baptist e,    St. Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  92. 
I'rovost  (Prevost),  Corp.  Bartholomew, 

St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  83,  92. 
Provot  (Provau),  Pierre,  head  of  fam., 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  64,  75. 


Quiquette,   John,    Kaskaskia   militia, 

1790,  76. 
Quirk,  Capt. ,  205. 


Mii»4ii»?. 


mmm 


IPPTT 


il^. 


380 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


r  ! 


1; 


! 


lift 

■11 


I'  >: 


R 


Racine,  Marie,  widow,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  64, 

Radford,  John  D.,  of  St.  Louis,  24. 

Raine,  Elizabeth,  widow,  head  of  fam- 
ily, St. Clair  Co.,  1783,  64,  73. 

Ralls,  Hon.  Daniel,  122. 

"  Randolph,  Monroe,  and  Perry  Coun- 
ties, 111.,  History  of, "  cited,  I7n. 

Raper,    Daniel,    St.  Clair -Co.   militia, 

1790,  79.  92,  94- 
Rapelais,  Jean  Baptiste,  alias  Genville, 

St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  92. 
Raphael,  Theresa,  42,  43. 
Rassette,  ,  widow  of  August,  head 

of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71. 
Raven,  ViUage  of  the,  on  the  Illinois 

River,  261. 
Raynor,  Jesse,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  92,  94. 
Reaume,  Paul,  head  -)( fimily,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  64. 
Reboulla,   Madeleine,  granu»nother  of 

Pierre  Menard,  18  41. 
Rector,  William,  '49. 
Relle,  Louis,  St  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  ^3- 

Renards  (Fox  Indians),  255. 

Renard,  Jean  le,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  91. 

Renaud,  Antoine,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64,  98,  314. 

Renard,  Charlote,  98. 

Renoue,  Charles,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64,  67. 

Renousse,  Fran9ois,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  85,  92. 

Renoux,  Charles,  headoffam.,  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  1783,  64,  67. 

Reynolds,  Gov.  John,  123,  124,  125, 
•5'.  153;  "Pioneer  History  of  Illi- 
nois," cited,  I7n,  I9n,  22n,  81  n, 
Ii2n,  Ii6n,  Ii7n,  ii8n,  141  n,  I58n, 
243  n. 

Reynolds,  Hon.  Robert,  father  of  Gov. 
Reynolds,  105,  109,  124,  148  n. 

Richard,  Bartholomew,  in  Kaskaskia, 
1790,  76. 

Richard,  Henry,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Richard,  Jean  liaptiste,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  67. 

Richard,  loseph,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Richard,  Pierre,  res.  of  Kaskaskia  in 
1783,  199;  in  1790,  64,  75. 

Richardson,  George,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1795,  94. 


Richardson,  Ensign  William,  member 
of  Court  of  Enquiry,  297,  313,  326, 

342,  344.  355- 
Richelieu  River,  known  also  as  Cham- 

bly,  Sorel,  St.  Louis,  and  St.  John, 

in  Lower  Canada,  17,  18. 
Richerville, ,  St.Vincennes  militia, 

1787,  166. 
Riddick,  Thomas  F.,  38. 
Kigby,  Josh.,  296. 
Ritchie,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  81,  92. 
Roberts,  George,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

»795,  95- 

Roberts,  John,  of  Kaskaskia,  170. 

Robertson,  Edward,  St. Clair-County 
militia,  1795,  95. 

Robin,  Charles,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64,  64  n. 

Robin,  Charles,  jr.,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  86. 

Robins,  William,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  92,  95.  97- 

Robinson, ,  of  Kaskaskia,  147, 148. 

Roche,  Michel,  St.  Clair-Co.  miUtia, 
1790,  92. 

Rocheblave,  Jean  Joseph  de  Rastel, 
Marquis  de,  father  of  Philippe,  231. 

Rocheblave,  Madame  Marie  de,  head 
of  family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  64,  237, 
254;  letters  of,  to  Haldimand,  cited, 

237  n,  245  n,  250  n. 
Rocheblave,    Noel  de,   nephew  of 

PhiUp,  251. 
Rocheblave,  Philippe  Francois  de  Ras- 
tel, Chevalier  de,  Noel  le  Vasseur  in 
employ  of,  45  ?;  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64;  res.  of  Kaskaskia, 
1790,  76;  Kaskaskia  militia,  entitled 
to  donation,  97;  Gov.  Henry's  in- 
structions regarding  his  family,  163; 
sketch  of,  231-52;  letters  of,  to  Lt.- 
Gov.  Abbott,  263,  264,  281;  cited, 
242 n;  to  Lt.-Gov.  Hamilton,  262, 
280;  cited,  240 n;  to  Bisseron,  279; 
to  Thomas  Dunn,  281,  282;  cited, 
242  n,  243  n;  to  Carleton,  272,  283, 
289;  cited,  241  n,  242 n,  243 n;  from 
Carleton  to,  253;  cited,  239  n;  to 
Gen.  Haldimand,  cited,  231  n,  245  n, 
246n,  247n,  248n,  249n,  25on;  from 
Gen.  Haldimand  to,  248  n,  250  n;  to 
Mathews,  cited,  248  n,  249  n;  from 
Mathews,  cited,  249  n;  to  Germaine, 
266,  278;  cited,  231  n,  234  n,  237  n, 

238  n,  368  n,  240,  241  n;  from  Rich'd 
McCarty  to,  254;  Thomas  Bentley's 
petition  to  Carleton  concerning,  256; 
Gabriel    Cerre's  declaration    before. 


;. 


I:. 


Rod 

Roc 
i; 
RocI 
RodI 
RodI 
RogJ 
tia 
RogJ 
Rohi 


^BCiwM*  -liite-. 


/ 


INDEX. 


381 


260;  Carleton  to  Germaine  concern- 
ing, 265 ;  letter  of  Peoria  inhabitants 
to,  268;  examination  of  Henry  But- 
ler before,  269;  plans  of,  cited,  246  n; 
warrants  to,  cited,  247  n,  248  n. 

Rocheblave,    Pierre  de,    nephew  of 
Philip,  251. 

Rock,  ,  St.  Clair -County  militia, 

1790,  85. 

Rock  Village,  Illinois,  48,  49. 

Rodrigues,  Christina,  nee  Barger,  128. 

Rodrigues,  Diego,  128. 

Rogers,  Benjamin,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  79,  92,  95,  97. 

Rogers,  Col.  David,  187,  189,  192,  196. 

Rohle,  Louis,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  92. 

Roi  (Roy),  Andre,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  97. 

Roi  (Roy,  Roihe),  Pierre,  alias  Cadien, 
head  of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  69, 
71;  heirs  of,  St.  Clair  Co.,  1783,  73. 

Roilhe,  Pierre,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  92. 

Ronn,  Jesse,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  79. 

Rouband  to  Haldimand,  letter  of,  cited, 
250  n. 

Rougas,  Joseph,  militia  officer  of  St. 
Vincennes,  1779,  166. 

Rouliard,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  92. 

Rousseau,  Fran9ois,  entitled  to  dona- 
tion, 97. 

Royer,  Augustin,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  86. 

Rozier,  Ferdinand,  of  Ste.  (ienevieve, 
Mo.,  137. 

Rumsey,  J.,  of  Kaskaskia,  296,  et  seq. 

Rupalais,  alias  Goneville,  Jean  Baptiste, 
St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  81. 

Russell,  ,  157. 

Rush,  Dr.  Benjamin,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  100. 

Rutherford,  Larkin,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  64,  95. 

Ryan,  Catherine,  widow,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  67. 

Ryan,  Josiah,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  67,  80,  92,  94,  97. 


S 


Sac  Indians,  40,  5t,  52,  263. 

•Sanba,  Catherine,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Sansfacon,  Ensign  Antoine  Harmon,  dit 
of  the  District  of  Cahokia,  1779,  72, 
164. 


Saratoga,  battle  of,  79  n. 

Sargent,  Winthrop,  secretary  of  North- 
west Territory,  58,  63  n,  96,  96  n. 

Saucier,  Angelique,  second  wife  of 
Pierre  Menard,  20. 

Saucier,  Capt.   Francois,  20;  head  of 
family,  Cahokia,   1783,   69,  71,   73; 
St.  Ciair-Co,   militia,    1790,   80,   81, 
81  n,  92;  clerk  of  Court  of  Cahokia, 
1779,  165. 

Saucier,  Lieut.  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of 
family,  Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71,  73, 
83  n;  St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  81, 
81  n,  82,  92;  member  of  Court  of 
Cahokia,  1779,  165. 

Saucier,  Ensign  Mathieu,  head  of  fam- 
ily, Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71,  73;  St. 
Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  81  n,  83,  92. 

Schoolcraft,  Henry  R.,  119. 

Scharf 's  "  History  of  St.  Louis  City  and 
County, "  cited,  I38n. 

Schieffelin,  Lieut.  Jacob,  of  Detroit 
Volunteers,  246. 

Scioto  towns,  155. 

Scott,  Judge  Andrew,  of  Virginia,  136. 

137,  1.38. 

Scott,  James,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  80,  92,  95,  97. 

Scott,  Hon.  John,  of  Ste.  Genevieve, 
Mo.,  123,  138. 

Scott,  John  R,  Homer,  137. 

Sequin  dit  Laderoute,  Louis,  Kaskas- 
kia militia,  1790,  77,  86. 

Seve,  de,  Montreal,  276. 

Severns  (Sovereigns),  Ebenezer,  St. 
Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  80,  92,  97. 

.Seward,  Wm.  H.,  sec'y  of  state,  134. 

Seybold,  Robert,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  80,  92,  95,  97. 

Shabonee  (Shaubena),  Indian  chief,  liv- 
ing at  Peoria,  51,  53. 

Shannon,  William,  of  Ste.  Genevieve, 
128. 

Shawanasee,  chief  of  Peoria  Indians, 

51.  53- 
.Shawnee  Indians,  22,    185,  206,  212, 

232,  233. 

Shawnee's  towns,  204. 

Shelby,  Col.  Evan,  222. 

Shultz,  Daniel,  St. Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  80,  92,  95,  97. 

Simpson,  John,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  80,  95. 

Simpson,  John  Knaresborough,  Kas- 
kaskia militia,  1790,  86. 

Sink,  Daniel,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  95- 
.Sioux  nation,  131. 

Slaughter, Col.  Geo.,  170,  187,  190,218. 


38.2 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


I 


Smith,  Christopher,  St.  Clair- Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  92. 

Smith,  ex-Gov.  Henry,  129. 

Smith,  Henry,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia,  1783,  64,  178,  183. 

Smith,  Hugh,  of  Kaskaskia,  186. 

Smith  T,  Col.  John,  duel  of,  130,  i3on. 

Smith,  Nicholas,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64,  73. 

Smith,  Peter,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795.  95- 
Smith,  T.,  148. 
Sonn,  Andre,  Kaskaskia  militia,  1790, 

Sorel,  M.  de,  commander  of  fort,  18. 
Sovereigns,    Ebeneazar,    St.  Clair -Co. 

militia,  1790,  80,  92,  97. 
Spaniards   in  Illinois,    loi,   194,    195, 

203;  at  St.  Louis,  239. 
Spanish  commandant  near  Kaskaskia, 

162;  at  Ste.  Genevieve,  174. 
.Spanish  settlement  in  Illinois,  211. 
Spanish  piastres  current  in  Illinois,  199. 
Squires,  Michel,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  95- 

St.  Ange  (Onge),  Jean  Baptiste,  head 
of  family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  64. 

St.  Antoine,  parish  in  Seignory  of  Con- 
trecoeur,  Co.  of  Vercheres,  17,  25. 

St.  Antoine  de  Richelieu,  on  Chambly, 
extracts  from  the  parish  registers  of, 
I7n,  i8n,  41. 

St.  Asaph  Station,  Kentucky,  155. 

St.  Aubin,  Claude,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  92. 

St.  Aubin,  Jacque,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  83,92. 

St.  Aubin,  Pierre,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83. 

St.  Clair,  Gov.  Arthur,  21,  29,  56,  58, 
58  n,  59,  60,  72  n,  78,  79  n,  80,  82, 

95  n.  97  n- 
St.  Clair,  James,  82  n. 
St.  Clair,  Jane,  wife  of  Wm.,  20,  42. 
"  St.  Clair  Papers, "  cited,  58  n. 
St.  Clair,  Lieut.-Col.  Wm.,  20,  42,  69, 

73,  82,  83,  84,  85,  93. 
St.  Cyr,   John  Mary  Ireneus,   parish 

priest  at  Kaskaskia,  43,  43  n. 
Ste.  Gemme,  Augustine,  wife  of  Louis 

Cyprien  Menard,  24. 
Ste. Genevieve,  Mo.,  23,  77n,  116,  133, 

137,  138,  139  n,  143.  162,  235,  255  n. 
St.  Germain,  Louis,   St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  81,  92. 
St.  Jean  Pierre,  Jean  Bte.  Girard,  St. 

Clair-County  militia,  1790,  92. 
St. Joseph,  Mich.,  Son. 
St.  Michel,  see  Ciree. 


St.  Michel,   dame   Marie   Fran^oise 
Ciree,  17,  18. 

St.  Michel  d'Yamaska,  Canada,  44. 

St.  Philips,  village  in  Illinois,  55,  56, 
57,  60,67;  inhabitants  of,  in  1783,  66. 

St.  Pierre,  Rev.  Father  de,  20,  42,  43. 

St.  Pierre,  Charles  Cadron,  dit,  head  of 
fam.,  Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  66,  72. 

St.  Pierre,  Fran9ois  Derousse,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  64,  75,  77. 

St.  Pierre,  Jerome  Derousse,  Kaskas- 
kia militia,  1790,  75,  86,  97. 

St.  Pierre,  Joseph  Derousse,  St.  Clair- 
County  militia,  1790,  86. 

St.  Pierre,  Michael  Derousse,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  64;  Kas- 
kaskia militia,  1790,  74,  86. 

St.  Pierre,  Philipe  Derousse,  res.  of 
Kaskaskia,  1790,  75,  86,  97. 

St.  Sauveur,  Pierre  Locuyer  dit,  St. 
Clair-County  militia,  1790,  92. 

St.  Ursule,  255  n. 

St.  Viateur's  College,  53. 

St.  Vincent,  see  Vincennes. 

Stanton,  Secretary  Edward  M.,  134. 

Stanwix,  Gen.  John,  233. 

Sterling,  Capt.  Thomas,  in  command 
at  Fort  Chartres,  291. 

Stevenson,  Samuel,  182. 

Strother,  Hon.  Geo.  F.,  123. 

Stuart,  Judge  Alexander,  149. 

Sullivan  (Suliphon),  John,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  80,  92,  95,  97. 

Sumner,  Charles,  senator,  134 

Sweeney,  Jacob,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  95- 
Switzler's  "  History  of  Missouri, "  cited, 
121  n,  122  n. 


Tabeau,  Alexis,  head  of  family,  Caho- 

kia,  1783,  69,  71;  heirs  of,  73. 
Tabeau,  Pierre  Antoine,  St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  81,  92. 
Tangue,   Catherine,    widow,    head  of 

family,  Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  67. 
Tangue,  ^an^ois,   Prairie  du  Rocher 

militia,  1790,  87,  97. 
Tangue,  Joseph,  sr.,  head  of  family, 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  1 783,  67,  97. 
Tangue,  Joseph,  jr.,  head  of  family, 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  67;  Prairie 

du  Rocher  militia,  1790,  87. 

Tanley, ,  of  Kaskaskia,  310. 

Tardiveau,    Bartholomew,   Kaskaskia 

militia,  1790,  42,  86. 
Taumur,  Jean  Baptiste,  head  of  family, 

Kaskaskia,  (783,  64. 


; 


cor.   s 


mmm 


INDEX. 


383 


Caho- 
air-Co. 


family, 

97- 

family, 

Prairie 

o. 

kaskia 

family. 


Taumur,  Marie  Anne,  widow,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  64,  64  n. 

Taylor,  Waller,  of  Indiana,  no, 

Tecier  (Te\ier),    Pierre,   St.  Clair -Co 
militia,  1790,  81,  92. 

Teel  (Theel),  Levy,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
1790,  86,  95. 

Tellier,   Amant,   St.  Clair-Co.   militia, 
1790,  85,  92. 

Tellier,  Gabriel,   St.  Clair-Co.  militia 
1790,  83,  92. 

Tellier,  Joseph,  head  of  family,  Kas 
kaskia,  1783,  64;  militia,  1790,  86. 

Tennessee  River,  200. 

Terrell,  Wm.  H.  H.,  secretary  of  In 
diana  Historical  Society,  55. 

Texas,  22,  129,  131,  132. 

Thaumur,  Jean  Baptiste,  jr.,  Kaskaskia 
militia,  1790,  86. 

Thaumur,  Mary  Ann,  widow,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  64  n. 

Theophile,  Mary  Louise  le  May,  alias, 
head  of  family,  Cahokia,  1 783,  68,  70. 

Thibault,  Charles,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87. 

Thibault,  Fran9ois,  head  of  family, 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  1783,  67;  at  Kas- 
kaskia, 1790,  75. 

Thibault,    Fran9ois,   jr.,    Prairie   du 
Rocher  militia,  1790,  87,  97. 

Thilmult,  Jean  Baptiste,  Prairie  du 
Rocher  militia,  1790,  87. 

Thiljault  (Tibeaux),  Jerome,  Kaskaskia 
militia,  1790,  76,  86,  97. 

Thomas,  Jesse  Burgess,  of  Kaskaskia, 
109,  III,  142,  149,  152 n. 

Thomas  (Tomas),  Mark,  at  Kaskaskia, 
1790,  77. 

Thomason,   Dr.  ,  of  Kaskaskia, 

1770,  308. 

Thuillier,  Jacques,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Thuillier,  Joseph,  Kaskaskia  militia, 
179c,  86. 

Thwaite,  Reuben  G.,  cited,  2S3n,  254n; 
cor.  sec'y  Wisconsin  Historical  So- 
ciety, 293. 

Tobms,  William,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  80. 

Todd,  David,  father  of  Col.  John,  155. 

Todd,  Edward,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  80,  92,  95,  97. 

Todd,  John,  jr.,  mention,  55,  56,  62  n, 
63  n,  66  n,  77  n,  244;  sketch  of,  by 
Edward  G.  Mason,  155-8;  Record- 
Book  of,  159-86;  Gov.  Henry's  in- 
structions to,  159;  proclamations  of, 
171,  173.  175.  176;  Papers  of,  187- 
229;  mention,  251. 


Todd,  Rev.  John,  uncle  of  Col.  John, 

155- 

Todd,  Levi,  brother  of  Col.  John,  155. 
244. 

Todd,  Hannah  Owen,  mother  of  Col. 
John,  157. 

Todd,  Thomas,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  80,  92,  95,  97. 

Todd,  William,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  92. 

Todd's  Station,  Ky.,  156. 

Toiton,  Simon,  Prairie  du  Rocher  mili- 
tia, 1790,  87. 

Tonton,   Fran9oise,   head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  64,  98. 

Tomure,  Jean  Baptiste,  sr.,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  64,  76. 

Touchet,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  83,  92. 

Toulouse,  Antonie  Barutel  Noel,  Kas- 
kaskia militia,  1790,  75,  85,  86,  97. 

Toulouse,  Fran9ois  Barutel  dit,  Kas- 
kaskia militia,  1790,  86. 

Toulouse,  Henry  Barutel  dit,  Kaskas- 
kia militia,  1790,  85. 

Toulouse,  Joseph  Barutel  dit,  head  of 
family,  Kaskaskia,  1783,  64. 

Toulouse,  Pierre  Barutel  dit,  Kaskas- 
kia militia,  1790,  75,  86,  97. 

Tourangeau,  Capt.  Michel  Godin  dit, 
of  Kaskaskia,  20,  25,  28,  164,  165; 
see  Michel  Godin. 

Tourangeau,  Mad.  Theresa  St.  Gemme 
Bauvais  dit,  wid.  of  Michel  Godin, 
res.  of  Kaskaskia,  1790,  28,  76,  76  n. 

Trails  across  the  State  in  1820,  48. 

Transylvania  (West'n  Kentucky),  155. 

Transylvania  University,  133,  140,  152. 

Travis,  Col.  Wm.  B.,  of  Texas,  129. 

Treasury  notes,  a  plan  for  borrowing 
$33,333^  of.  both  belonging  to  this 
State  and  to  the  United  States,  168. 

Trentham,  — — ,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Trigg,  Col.  Stephen,  211. 

Trotier,  Auguste,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  92. 

Trotier,  Clement,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  92. 

Trotier,  Fran9ois,  head  of  family,  Ca- 
hokia, 1783,  69,  71,  81;  comm't  of 
District  and  member  of  Court  of  Ca- 
hokia, 1779,  164,  165;  heirs  of,  73. 

Trotier,  Fran9ois,  jr.,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1790,  81. 

Trotier,  Fran9ois,  son  of  Louis,  St. 
Clair-Co.  militia,  1790,  82,  92. 

Trotier,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  81  n,  92. 


^9mm 


84 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


II    , 


m  i 


Trotier,  Joseph,  son  of  Louis,  St.  Clair- 
Co.  militia,  1790,  82,  92. 

Trotier,  Louis,  sr.,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790.  69,  71.  73.  8'.  92. 

'i'rotier,  Louis,  jr.,  St.  Ciair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  81,  92. 

Trumbull,  Gen.  M.  M.,  134. 

Truteau,  Jyte,  of  Peoria,  1778,  269. 

Tureau  (Zureau),  Rene,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  82,  93. 

Turgeon,  Francois,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  69,  71,  83,  92. 

Turgeon,  Nicholas,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  82,  92. 

Turgeon, ,  widow  of  Nicholas,  head 

of  family,  Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71,  73. 


U 


Union  prison  on  Johnson  Island,  Lake 

Erie,  135. 
Unirat  &  Eirre,  Messrs.,  276. 


Vadbonceur,  Louis,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  85,  92. 

Val,  Amable,  of  Peoria,  269. 

Valentine,  Dennis,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  82,  92. 

Valle,  Charles,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia,  1783,  64,  65. 

VanBuren,  President  Martin,  133. 

Vandandaigue,  Pierre,  dit  Gadbois,  41, 
42. 

\anderburgh,  Henry,  no. 

Vandet,  Jean,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1790,  92. 

Vasseur,  Ambroise  le,  Prairie  du  Roch- 
er  militia,  1790,  87,  97. 

Vasseur,  Carrie  le,  wife  of  Dr.  Monast,54 

Vasseur,  Edward  le,  54. 

Vasseur,  Frederick  (Alfred),  54. 

Vasseur,  George  le,  54. 

Vasseur,  Joseph  le,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87. 

Vasseur  d'Espagne,  Louis  le,  Prairie  du 
Rocher  militia,  1790,  66,  87. 

Vasseur,  Nicholas  le,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

Vasseur,  Noel  le,  sketch  of,  by  Stephen 
R.  Moore,  44-54;  born  at  St.  Michel 
d'Yamaska,  Canada,  1799;  in  Chi- 
cago in  1820,  44;  entered  service  of 
Rocheblave,  181 7,  and  Amer.  Fur- 
Co.,  45;  went  to  Prairie  du  Chien, 
46;  trading  in  the  Iroquois  with 
Hubbard,  49;  marries  Watseka,  50; 
negotiates  at  Camp  Tippecanoe,  51; 


appointed  agent  for  removal  of  In- 
dians, 53;  married  in  1837;  names 
of  his  eight  children,  54. 

Vasseur,  Stanislas  le,  head  of  family, 
Kaskaskia,  1783,  63. 

Vasseur,  William  le,  54. 

Vaudreuil,  Marquis  de,  French  gov,- 
general  of  Canada,  232,  245. 

Vaudry  (Vaudiere),  Joseph,  head  of 
family,  Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71,  73. 

Vaudry,  Joseph,  jr.,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  92. 

Venault,  Joseph,  of  Peoria,  1 778,  269. 

Vigo,  Col.  Francis,  19,  105,  109,  no. 

Villaret,  Corp.  Francois,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  83,  92. 

Villaret,  Louis,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Villiers,  Neyon  de,  234. 

Vincennes  (Poste  Vincene,  Post  Vin- 
cennes,  St.  Vincent),  capital  of  Indi- 
ana Territory,  21,  33,  34,  35,  55,  57, 
58,  60,  64  n,  75  n,  98,  100,  102,  103, 
104,  no,  139  n,  140,  142,  152  n, 
167  n,  191,  194,  198,  199,  204,  208  n, 
223,  241,  242,  260  n,  262,  267,  273, 
289,  306,  314,  315,  346;  petition  of 
certain  inhabitants  of,  to  governor  of 
Northwest  Ter'y,  97;  University  of, 
no;  civil  and  military  officers  for 
1779,  165. 

"Virginia  State  Papers,"  cited,  190, 
193.  195.  199,  200,  204,  205,  206, 
208,  2n,  212,  213,  216,  221. 

Virginian  Archives,  260  n. 

Viviat,  ,  of  Kaskaskia,  259. 

Vizina,  Joseph,  .St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  82,  92. 

Voss,  Henry,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 
1795.  95- 

W 

Wabash  Company,  claims  of,  based  on 
Wm.  Murray's  purchases  of  lands 
from  Indians,  256  n. 

Wabash  Indians,  100,  102,  185. 

Wabash  routes,  272. 

Wabash  Regiment,  103. 

Wadle,  Alexander,  St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  92,  95. 

Wadle,  David,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  92,  95. 

Wadle  (Waddel),  Jesse,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1790,  80,  93,  95,  97. 

Wallace,  Caleb,  221. 

Wallace,  George,  no,  133. 

Ware,  George,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  93- 


INDEX. 


3«5 


Ware,  Hardy,  vSt.  Clair-County  militia, 

•790,  93.  95- 
Warrant  for  execution  of  negro,  John 

Todd  to  Richard  Winston,  172. 
Washington,    Gen.    George,    20,    58, 

iijn,  245. 
Watseka,  Indian  girl,  of  Rock  Village, 

111.,  married  to  G.  S.  Hubbard  and 

afterward  to  Noel  le  Vasseur,  50. 
Wattape, ,  widow,  head  of  family. 

Cahokia,  1783,  69,  71, 
Watts,  James,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 

kia,  1783,  64. 
Wea  Indians,  allied  with  the  British  in 

1781,  256  n. 
Webster,  Daniel,  134. 
Wells,  Heaton  (Haydon),  head  of  fam- 
ily, Kaskaskia,  1783,  64. 
West,   Isaac,    St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  80,  93,  95,  97. 
Western  Military  Institute,  Nashville, 

Tenn.,  135. 
Wharton,   Samuel,  of  Philadelphia,  a 

joint  owner  of  land  near  Kaskaskia; 

of  Boynton,  W.  &  Morgan,  292,  et  seq. 
White,  Laton  (Leighton),  St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1790,  80,  93,  97. 
Whiteside,  I)avis,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  95- 
Whiteside,  George  John,  St.  CIair-(_o. 

militia,  1795,  95. 
White.side,  Jacob,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  95- 
Whiteside,  Joel,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia. 

1795,  95- 
Whiteside,  John,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795.  95- 
Whiteside,  John  Johnson,  .St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1795,  95. 
Whiteside,   John  Louis,   St.  Clair-Co. 

militia,  1795,  95. 
Whiteside  Station,  settlers  of,  in  1795, 

93".. 
Whiteside,   Uel,   .St.  Clair-Co.   militia. 

1795.  95- 

Whiteside,  William,  St.  Clair-County 
militia,  1795,  95. 

Whiteside,  Wm.  Bolii.,  St.  Clair-Co. 
militia,  1795,  95. 

Whiteside,  William  Young,  Kaskaskia 
militia,  1790,  86,  95. 

Wickliffe,  Robert,  married  Mary  Owen 
Todd,  157. 

VVideman,  Thomas,  of  Kaskaskia,  149. 

Wilkie,  Franc  B.,  Chicago  journalist, 
138  n. 

Wilkins,  Col.  John,  British  comman- 
dant of  Illinois  country,  235,  236, 
253".  254n,  257,  292,  297;  orders 


Court  of  hnquiry  at  Fort  Chartres. 

321  56. 

Wilkinson,  George,  .St.  Clair-Co.  mili- 
tia, 1790,  80,  92,  97. 

Wiley,  James,  head  of  family,  Kaskas- 
kia, 1783,  64. 

Will  County,  111.,  48. 

Williams,  James,  of  Kaskaskia,  159. 

Williams,  John,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Williams,  Joseph,  .St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 

1795-  95- 
Williamsburg,  Va.,  mention,  156,  189, 

229,   260 n,   290  n;    letters  dated  at, 

159,  190,  198,  218,  227. 
Wi  ling,  James,  descends  the  Ohio  and 

captures  fur-traders,   242,   243,  273, 

281,  283,  284,  285. 
Wilson,    lames,    St.  Clair-Co.   militia, 

•795,  95- 
Wilson,  Hon.  Samuel  Montford,  138. 

Winn,  Thomas,  .St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  85,  92. 

Winnebago  Indians,  40. 

Winona  and  .St.  I'eter  Railroad,  131. 

Winston,  Richard,  a  res.  of  Kaskaskia, 
prior  to  1783,  64;  a  military  prisoner, 
1782,  159,  I59n;  com'd't  at  Kaskas- 
kia, 1779,  164,  335;  sheriff  of  Kas- 
kaskia, 165;  witness,  170;  Col.  John 
Todd's  instructions  to,  172;  letter  to 
Col.  Todd,  208,  221  n;  partner  of 
Pat.  Kennedy,  257 n;  treacherous  to 
the  British  cause,  289;  a  witness  in 
Court  of  Enquiry  at  Fort  Chartres, 

293,  336,  339,  341. 
Winston,    Mrs.    Richard,    widow,-  at 

Kaskaskia,  1783,  64. 

"  Wisconsin  Historical  .Society's  Collec- 
tions,"  cited,  23in,  232n,  233n,  2Sin. 

Wisconsin  River,  47. 

Wise,  Henry  A.,  congressman,  134. 

Wistill,  Martin,  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Shawnees,  206. 

Witmer,  Geo.,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia,  97. 

Witmer,  George,  jr.,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87. 

Witmer,  Nicholas,  Prairie  du  Rocher 
militia,  1790,  87,  97. 

Woods,  Charles,  head  of  family,  Kas- 
kaskia, 1783,  64. 

Worley,  John,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1790,  93,  95- 
Worley,  Joseph,  182. 
Worley,  Samuel,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia^ 

1790,  80,  93,  95,  97. 
W^right,  Silas,  senator,  134. 
Wyeth,    Dr.    Jacob,    of  Cambridge, 

Mass.,  137. 


">*«»« 


386 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


Wykoff,  William,  head  of  family,  Kas- 

kaskia,  1783,  64. 
Wynne,  Lieut.  Lewis,  member  of  Court 

of  Enquiry,  297,  et  seq. 


^'ankton,  Okobojo  &  Fort  Buford  Rail- 
road Company,  131. 

\ellow-Head,  Indian  chief,  48,  50. 

Young,  Fran9ois,  St.  Clair-Co.  militia, 
1790,  93- 


Zippe,   George,    St.  Clair-Co.    militia, 

'795,  95- 
Zippe,  Joseph,  St.  Clair-County  militia, 

1795,  95- 
Zippe,  Peter,  at  Cahokia  in  1783,  69, 

71.  73,  80,  93,  95,  97. 
Zureau  (Tureau),   Rene,   St. Clair-Co, 

militia,  1790,  82,  93. 


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Vol..  ONE- Parts   I,   II,   m,    iv. 


EARLY  II 


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ILLUSTRATED. 


RK  PRINTED    l'Ri:).\I 

Vol.  IV,  Ckicaod  Historii:ai.  .So.iktv's  Collections ; 

"E.VRLY    CH[i\.t.M    AND    IlLLNoIS." 


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FERGUS-    HISTOF^ICAL    .JURIES,    Nos.    31.   32,   33,   and   34 


CONTENTS 


OF 


EARLY    ILLINOIS 


PARTS    I,    II,   III,   AND    IV, 


PART    I. 

List  of  Illustrations,           ..--..  12 

Menard,  Pierre,  Sketch  of,  by  Edward  G.  Mason,     -            -  17 
Pierre-Menard  Papers:  Ante-Nuptial  Contract  between  Pierre 

Menard  and  Miss  Therese  Godin,  June  13,  1792,         -  25 

Pierre  Menard's  Commissions  as  Major  of  Militia,            -  29 
Pierre  Menard's   Commission   as  Judge  of  the   Courts  of 
Randolph  County,     -            -            -            -            -            -31 

Pierre  Menard  and  John  Edgar's  Commissions  as  Asso- 
ciate Judges,  Criminal  Court,  Randolph  County,         -  31 
Pierre  Menard's  Commission  to  take  Testimony  in  Land- 
Office  Claims,       ------  34 

Pierre  Menard's  Commission  as  Judge  of  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas,  Randolph  County,  -            -            -            -  34 

Pierre  Menard's  Commission  as  Lieut. -Colonel  First  Reg't 

Randolph  Co.  Militia,  under  the  Laws  of  Indiana  Terr'y,  35 
Pierre   Menard's   Commission   as   Captain   of  Infantry   in 

Louisiana  Territory,         -----  36 

Pierre  Menard's  Commission  as  Lieut. -Colonel  First  Reg't 

Randolph  Co.  Militia,  under  the  Laws  of  Illinois  Terr'y,  38 

Pierre  Menard's  Commission  as  Indian  Agent,             -  39 
Lewis  Cass  and   Pierre  Menard's  Commissions   to  make 

Indian  Treaties,                -----  40 

Record  of  Marriage  of  Pierre  Menard's  Parents,     -            -  41 

Record  of  the  Baptism  of  Pierre  Menard,           -            -  41 

Record  of  the  First  Marriage  of  Pierre  Menard,      -            -  42 

Record  of  the  Burial  of  Pierre  Menard,               -            -  43 

Vasseur,  Noel  le,  by  Stephen  R.  Moore,              -            -            -  44 

Lists  of  Early  Illinois  Citizens,  Introduction  by  E.  G.  Mason,  55 

Heads  of  Families  in  Kaskaskia  in  or  before  1783,             -  61 

Inhabitants  of  Prairie  du  Rocher  and  St.  Philips  in  1783,  66 

Heads  of  Families  in  Cahokia  and  its  Environs  in  1783,  67,  69 

Heads  of  Families  at  Cahokia,  Prairie  du  Pont,  etc.,  1783,  71 

Liste  des  Habitans  resident  aux  Kaskaskias  en  1790,  74 

^4  6  6 ,3  6 


10 


EARLY   ILL  .\Oi. 


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Lists  of  Early  Illinois  Citizens:    Capt.  Piggot's  Company  in 

First  Militia  Regiment,  April  26,  1790,           -            -            -  78 
Roll  of  Capt.  Francois  Saucier's  Company,  August  i,  1790,  80 
Roll  of  Capt.  Jean  Baptist  Dubuque's  Company,  Aug.  i,  1790,  82 
Roll  of  Capt.  Philip  Engel's  Company,  August  i,  1790,  84 
Roll  of  Militia  of  Kaskaskia,  August  ■!,  1790,           -            -  85 
Roll  of  Militia  of  Prairie  du  Rocher,  August  i,  1790,  87 
General  Return  of  St.  Clair  County  Militia,  August  i,  1790,  88 
Capt.  Piggot's  Company  in  First  Militia  Regiment,  1795,  93 
Names   of   the    Persons   entitled   to   the   Donation   of  100 
Acres  of  Land  for  Militia   Service  in  Counties  of  Ran- 
dolph and  St.  Clair,  ------  95 

Petition  of  Certain  Inhabitants  of  Vincennes,    -            -  97 

PART    II. 

Jones,  John  Rice,  by  W.  A.  Burt  Jones,               -             -            -  99 
Jones,  John  Rice;  Gen.  Augustus;  Hon.  Myers  Fisher; 

Gen.  Geo.  Wallace;  William  Powell;  Eliza;  and  Harriet,  129 

Jones,  Rice,  by  W.  A.  Burt  Jones,       -            -            -            -  140 

PART    III. 

Todd,  jr.,  Col.  John,  Sketch  of,  by  Edward  G.  Mason,    -  -       155 

John  Todd's  Record-Book;  Gov.  Henry's  Instructions  to  Col. Todd,  159 
List  of  Commissions,  Military  and  Civil, 
License  for  Trade,  .  _  -  _  . 

Letter  to  the  Court  of  Kaskaskia,      -  -  - 

Plan  for  Borrowing  $33,333 'j  of  Treasury  Notes,  both  be 

longing  to  this  State  and  the  United  States, 
Copy  of  the  Instructions,  etc.,  on  the  Borrowing  Fund, 
Bond  of  Commissioner,  _  -  _  _ 

Proclamation  of,  prohibiting  New  Settlements,  fac-simile 

in  English  and  French,  _  .  -  . 

Warrant  for  Execution;    John  Todd  to  Richard  Winston, 
John  Todd  to  Nicholas  Janis,       -  -  - 

Proclamation  of,  concerning  Continental  Money,    - 
Order  to  Hold  Court,  -  -  -  - 

Letter  to  Spanish  Commandant  at  Ste.  Genevieve, 
Proclamations  of,  concerning  Provisions  for  Troops, 
Notice  conctrning  Called-in  Currency, 
Record  of  Order  on  Governor  of  Virginia, 
Condemnation  Proceeding;   Court  Record,  - 
Oath  of  Allegiance ;  Court  Record, 
Peltry  Account,  _  _  _  -  . 

Entries  by  Col.  Todd's  Successor, 


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166 

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168 

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-   170 

171 

I,   172 

172 

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-   173 

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174 

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175. 176 

1 

-   177 
177 

-   178 
179 
184 

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185 

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CONTENTS, 


II 


John-Todd  Papers :  Col.  John  Todd,  jr.,  to  Governor  of  Virginia,  187 
John  Page,  Lieut.-Gov.,  Jo  John  Todd,  Co.  Lieut,  etc.f  190 
Col.  John  Todd,  jr.,  to  Col.  P.  Legras,  -  -  -  190 
Col.  John  Todd,  jr.,  to  Oliver  Pollock,  -  -  -  191 
Oliver  Pollock  to  John  Todd,  County  Lieut,  of  111.,  acknowl- 
edging receipt  of  his,  by  the  hands  of  Mons.  Perrault,  193 
Col.  John  Todd,  jr.,  to  Gov.  Jefferson,  -  -  -  193 
Gen.  Geo.  Rogers  Clark  to  Col.  John  Todd,  -  -  195 
Lieut.-Col.  J.  M.  P.  Legras  to  Governor  of  Virginia,  -  198 
Thos.  Jefferson  to  the  Hon.  the  Speaker  of  House  of  Delegates,  199 
John  Dodge,  Indian  Agent,  to  Gov.  Jefferson,  -  -  200 
Col.  John  Todd,  jr.,  to  Gov.  Jefferson,  204,  205,  211,  212,  213,  216 
Richard  McCarty  to  John  Todd,  Esq.,  -  -  -  206 
Richard  Winston  to  Col.  John  Todd,  -  -  -  208 
Col.  John  Todd  to  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  -  -  213 
Board   of  Commissioners  to   Benj.  Harrison,  Governor  of 

Virginia,  concerning  Col.  John  Todd's,  jr..  Accounts,  etc.,  218 
Col.  John  Montgomery  to  the  Hon.  the  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners, for  the  Settlement  of  Western  Accounts,       -  221 
Thomas  Jefferson  to  Col.  Todd,          -            -            -            .  227 

PART    IV. 

British  Illinois— Philippe  de  Rocheblave,  Sketch  by  E.  G.  Mason,  231 

Rocheblave  Papers :  Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Rocheblave,  -  253 


Richard  McCarty  to  Rocheblave, 

Petition  to  Carleton  concerning  Rocheblave, 

Declarj  'on  of  Gabriel  Cerre, 

Rocheblave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Hamilton, 

Rocheblave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Abbott, 

Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Lord  George  Germaine, 

Rocheblave  to  Lord  George  Germaine,    - 

Inhabitants  of  Peoria  to  Rocheblave, 


254 
256 
260 
262 
263,  264,  281 
265 
266 
-   268 


Examination  of  Henry  Butler  before  Rocheblave,  at  Ft.  Gage,  269 
Rocheblave  to  Carleton,     -----  272 

Rocheblave  to  Lord  George  Germaine,         -  -  -       278 

Rocheblave  to  Bosseron  at  St.Vincennes,  -  -  279 

Rocheblave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Hamilton,  -  .  -       280 

Rocheblave  to  Lieut.-Gov.  Abbott,  -  -  -  281 

Rocheblave  to  Thomas  Dunn,  Treasurer,  Quebec,  281,  282 

Rocheblave  to  Carleton,  -----  283, 289 
Court  of  Enquiry  at  Fort  Chartres,  1770,  by  Hon.  John  Moses,  291 
Index,  .-.-----       357 


*.!.« 


12 


EARLY   ILLINOIS. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


m 

m 

1  *>■ 


Jones,  John  Rice,  from  an  oil  portrait  by  John  J.  Douberman,  in  winter 

of  1823-4,  owned  by  his  son,  Hon.  Geo.  \V.  Jones  of  Iowa,  99 

Menard,  Pierre,  from  a  portrait  in  Chicago  Historical  Society, 

by  Chester  Harding,  ......        25 

Proclamation  of  Col.  John  Todd,  jr.,  June  15,  1779,  fac-simile  from 

Autograph  Letters,  Chicago  Historical  Society,  Vol.  72,  .       171 

Vasseur,  Noel  le,  from  a  photo,  by  W.  H.  Beebe,  Kankakee,  111., 

about  1870,     .......44 


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